Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of activated cytotoxic cells in types of lymphoma with tissue microarray,and provide evidences for clinical treatment and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining by S-P technique was used for detecting the expression and distribution of perforin and granzyme B in lymphoma tissue microarray,composed of 60 samples of lymphoma tissue.10 NK/T-cell lymphoma routine sections were used for relative research,and 10 reactive hyperplasia were used for comparison. Results: In the tissue microarray,samples originated from intranode and extranode were 48 and 12,respectively;consisting of 42 B-cell lymphoma,16 T-cell lymphoma(10 PTCLs,2 NK/T-cell lymphomas,2 lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas,2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas),2 Hodgkin's disease.42 samples of B-cell lymphoma cells were negative in perforin and granzyme B.In 10 samples of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,perforin and granzyme B positive were 8 and 9,respectively,but the positive cells were no tumor cells.In 12 samples of NK/Tcell lymphoma(2 in the tissue microarray,10 routine sections),both perforin and granzyme B were strongly positive.B-cell lymphoma,T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma differed significantly(P

Administration, Cutaneous ; Amoxicillin ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Penicillins ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Secondary Prevention

To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of renal trauma, a retrospective analysis of 300 patients with renal trauma was carried out. Among them, 274 (91 3%) had blunt renal injuries and 26 (8 7%) had penetrating injuries; 123 (41%) had multiple complicated intraabdominal injuries and 56 (18%) had concomitant shock. The positive rate was 48 7% by regular dose IVU examination and 90 9% by double dose IVU, 79 3% by ultrasonography, and 95 7% by CT. One hundred and eighty five patients were cured by conservative treatment. Fourteen patients died. B ultrasound could be conveniently used for primary assessment of renal injuries, while CT showed rapid and accurate condition of a renal trauma patient. The treatment depends on the severity of the injury. The conservative treatment was employed in most cases which present slight or moderate injury with no evident massive bleeding. Severe injury required surgical exploration. The operative approach was done through a transabdominal incision, which made it relatively easy to explore the abdominal contents and to manage the injured kidney. It was also very important to control shock and prevent other severe complications in the early stage of the treatment.

Objective To observe the regulatory effect of glycyrrhizin on the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with alopecia areata.Methods PBMCs were obtained from 18 patients with mild alopecia areata,24 patients with severe alopecia areata and 20 normal human controls,and cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the combination of PHA and glycyrrhizin for 24 hours.Then,reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expression of IFN-γand TNF-β in these cells.Results The mRNA expression levels of IFN-γand TNF-β in PBMCs were significantly higher in patients with severe alopecia areata than in those with mild alopecia areata and normal human controls (all P ＜ 0.05),and higher in patients with mild alopecia areata than in normal human controls (both P ＜ 0.05).A significant decrease was observed in the mRNA expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-β in the PBMCs from patients with alopecia areata after stimulation with the combination of PHA and glycyrrhizin (both P ＜0.05).Conclusion Glycyrrhizin can inhibit the expression of Th1-type cytokines and reverse Th1-type immune response.

Objective To explore the nurses'self-efficacy for palliative care and its related factors.Methods Data were collected via a self-constructed questionnaire,using the purposive sampling method.Subjects were nurses from two “grade-A” general hospitals in Henan province.Results The nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care stayed at a disequilibrium state,mean score of self-efficacy for physical care was 4.00,followed by family care self-efficacy 3.85,then psychological and spiritual care self-efficacy 3.70.Significant difference existed in self-efficacy for palliative care in nurses having different attitudes toward death.The cognitive level for palliative care,past experience of caring for end-stage patients were positively correlated with self-efficacy.Conclusions The main factors of the nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care related to attitudes toward death,past experience of caring for end-stage patients and the cognition level of nurses to palliative care.

Objective To understand and explore the lived study feeling and experience of nursing undergraduate students during high- fidelity simulation training so as to provide the evidence of reforming teaching methods and performing the teaching practice of nursing educators. Methods Phenomenological study of qualitative research was used. In- depth interviews were conducted among 4 focus groups. 28 nursing undergraduate students were interviewed to understand their lived study feeling. Results 5 themes were emerged using Colaizzi's phenomenologic method, including cooperating explicitly, integrating theory with practice closely, promoting disease observation ability and nursing decision making, enhancing self-confidence. Conclusions High- fidelity simulation training was beneficial to integrate theory with practice, cultivate students' comprehensive ability and increase clinical practical opportunities.

Objective To study the improving effect of testicular tissue graft on impaired learning and memory in endocrine recession mice,and to explore the possible mechanisms.Method Forty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into four groups by random number table:sham operation group,castration group,androgen (30 mg/kg) control group and testicular tissue graft group.The bilateral testes of mice were cut off to establish castrated mouse model.After modeling,the back subcutaneous muscle layers of castrated mice were implanted on the allogeneic testicular tissue blocks in graft group.Androgen group mice were intragastrically administrated with androgen for three months,and other two groups of mice were given an equal volume of normal saline At the end of treatment,the levels of serum testosterone in each group of mice were measured by ELISA.Learning and memory abilities of the mice were assessed by Morris water maze behavioral test.Morphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE).The expression levels of AR and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9) in the brain were detected by Westem blotting.Result As compared with castration group,the levels of serum testosterone in graft group were increased significantly (P＜0.01),learning and memory abilities were greatly strengthened (P ＜ 0.01),the morphological structures in hippocampal CA1 neurons were improved,and the expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly reduced (P＜0.01),while the expression levels of AR and Bcl-2 had obvious enhancements (P ＜0.01).Conelusion Testicular tissue graft can improve learning and memory ability probably by secreting endogenous testosterone which will bind with androgen receptor in the brain,then regulating the expression of neuronal apoptosis related genes,increasing Bcl-2 protein level and reducing the expression of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein,and finally inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Ardisia crenata based on the content of total saponins and to provide a basis for the Ardisia crenata study. Methods Based on the results of the single-factor tests and the Box-Behnken central composite experimental design principles, a response surface methodology which has three factors and three levels was designed to optimize the extraction process of Ardisia crenata based on the content of saponins. Results A maximal extraction yield of total saponins reached 2. 29% under the optimal conditions as follows:70% alcohol was used as extraction solvent with the material to liquid ratio of 116, the extraction time was 3 h at 70 ℃. Conclusion The optimized extraction process is accurate, reliable and practically valuable.

Aim To investigate effects of Cx26 on pro-liferation,apoptosis,migration of human highly meta-static hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 cells.Meth-ods The HCCLM3 cells were infected with lentiviral vector targeting interference of Cx26 and the stable transfectants were selected by puromycin.The interfer-ence efficiency of Cx26 was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot.Gap junction function was assessed by “parachute”dye-coupling assay. The effects of Cx26 interference on proliferation,apoptosis,migra-tion of HCCLM3 cells were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry,transwell migration assay,respective-ly.Results The mRNA and protein expression of Cx26 in LV-Cx26 group was significantly lower than the LV-NC group and wide group (P<0.01),and GJ function in LV-Cx26 group also significantly reduced compared with LV-NC group and wild group (P <0.01 ).The Cx26 interference significantly inhibited the proliferation (P<0.01)),promoted the apoptosis (P <0.01 ),and decreased migration of HCCLM3 cells in vitro (P <0.01 ).Conclusion Lentiviral vector targeting interference Cx26 expression of HC-CLM3 cells can significantly reduce its GJ function,in-hibit the proliferation and migration,promote apopto-sis,and reduce its malignant properties.

OBJECTIVE:To perfect public participation system of food and drug safety in China and establish“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety. METHODS:The problems of public participation in food and drug safety administration were analyzed in China. Referring to the experience of USA,Japan,South Korea and other developed countries in stage of food and drug safety legislative decision-making,regulation and enforcement and dispute settlement,the countermeasures were put forward to perfect public participation system of food and drug safety. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The public is in a passive position and shows weak right of speech in legislative decision-making stage;the public is not active and shows weak awareness of partici-pating in management in regulation and enforcement stage;public interest litigation system in dispute settlement stage has not been established. Those problems impede the generation of“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety in China. In United States,Japan,South Korea and other developed countries,the position and right of the public participation can be guaranteed com-pletely through establishing complete legal system,strengthening government information transparency,improving complaints sys-tem and public interest litigation system,etc. Our country can perfect the system of public participation in the food and drug safety and promote the generation of“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety by detailing the regulations in legislative deci-sion-making,emphasizing the information opening and feedback,strengthening the propaganda of public responsibility conscious-ness,setting up scientific food and drug safety complaint and reparting system and establishing public interest litigation system.