OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to induce carcinogenesis of lingual mucosa in C57BL/6 mice by feeding them 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) solution.

METHODSA total of 85 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into distilled water control group (DD group, n=5), 1,2-propylene glycol control group (PG group, n=5), and experimental group (EP group, n= 75). The mice in the experimental group were medially fed in 15 cages. By contrast, the mice in DD, EP, and PG groups were watered with distilled water, 50 mg.L-1 4NQO solution, and 1,2-propylene glycol solution. The mice in EP group were executed every two weeks from week 0, and the mice in the control groups were sacrificed at the 28th week. The mice were weighed. Mucosal lesions were measured by macroscopic observation and histopathologic detection.

RESULTSOne mouse in EP group died of unknown reason. The weight of the mice in EP group presented weight loss compared with the mice in DD and PG groups after the 24th week. Seventy-nine macroscopic lesions were observed in the lingual mucosa, oral floor, and upper palatal and buccal mucosa. A total of 70 macroscopic lesions (88.6%) were located in the lingual mucosa. Mucosal lesions changed from simple hyperplasia to squamous cell carcinomas. Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were observed in all mice of EP group by pathological section at the 28th week. No lesion was found in the mice of DD and PG groups.

CONCLUSIONThe animal model of lingual squamous cell carcinomas was successfully established. The periods from 12th to 16th week and 20th to 28th week were the ideal times for the research on pathogenesis of early and medial-advanced stage during carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mouth Mucosa ; Tongue

Objectives To evaluate modified transthoracic esophageal transection (modified Walker's procedure) for management of postoperative rebleeding of portal hypertension.Methods Since 1983,we adopted modified Walker's operation to make low esophageal transection and transect intraabdominal recurrent varix of the coronary vein in the treatment of esophageal variceal rebleeding in portal hypertensive patients who had received previous surgeries aiming at portal hypertension.Results In 53 cases of postoperative rebleeding of portal hypertension,49 cases underwent elective operation with no mortality,4 cases received emergency surgery,one died post-operatively due to hepatic failure.The postoperative control rate of recurrent bleeding was 100％,and the overall postoperative mortality was 2％.The longest postoperative survival time was 24 years,and the 5-year survival rate was 77％.There were no postoperative recurrent hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy.Conclusions Modified transthoracic esophageal transection (modified Walker's procedure) is easy to perform,good at saving operative time,with a reliable immediate hemostatic effect and long-term control of variceal hemorrhage,hence is a effective remedy operative method for postoperative rebleeding of portal hypertensive patients after failed previous operations.

The rice gall dwarf disease, caused by the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) is a serious disease occurring in rice in many regions of Guangdong province. As a basis to control the disease we have studied the genomic diversity of a variety of isolates from different locations. Genome segment 8(S8), encoding a main outer capsid protein (Pns8) of RGDV five isolates (BL, CH, DQ, GZ, XY) from Guangdong province was cloned and sequenced. The results revealed that all the S8 segments of the five isolates consisted of 1 578 nucleotides and had a single open reading frame (ORF) extending for 1 301 nucleotides from nucleotide 21 which encoded a polypeptide of 426 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 47.4 kDa. The S8 full-length sequence and the ORF sequence shared 97.3%-98.8% and 97.3%-99.1% nucleotide sequence identities within the five Chinese isolates, and shared 94.8%-95.6% and 95.0%-96.0% identities with those of the Thailand isolate respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pns8 in GZ isolate was identical to that in the Thailand isolate, while the amino acid sequence variability of Pns8 within five Chinese isolates ranged from 0.5% to 2.1%. These results indicate that the S8 segment of RGDV is highly conserved in different isolates from different locations. The S8 cDNA from the XY isolate was cloned into the plasmid vector pET-28b(+) and a fused expression protein with an apparent molecular mass of 51kDa was specifically detected in an analysis of Escherichia coli Rossetta(DE3)Ⅱcells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on analysis of the RGDV segment 8 sequence and genetic comparison of different RGDV isolates and their protein expression.

Objective To analyze the follow-up results and clinical characteristics of one case of highly sensitized recipient after combined kidney transplantation and splenic fossa auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation.Methods This patient was diagnosed as having chronic renal insufficiency in the uremia period 10 years ago,subjected to kidney transplantation 9 years ago,and got renal allograft loss 8 years ago.The recipient was positive for PRA (for class Ⅰ,31％,and for class Ⅱ,63％).Under the general anesthesia,the patient was given combined kidney transplantation and splenic fossa auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation.The ATG was used for immune induction.Rituximab and plasma exchange were applied to prevent acute rejection.Regular follow-up was done after discharge.Results On the postoperative day (POD) one,ALT was 256 IU/L,AST was 342 IU/L and serum creatinine was 502 μmol/L.On the POD 6,ALT and AST levels were normal and serum creatinine was 141 μmol/L.Serum creatinine increased to 202 μmol/L and the volume of urine reduced on the POD 7.The ultrasound displayed graft size increased slightly,substantial echogenicity enhanced,artery blood flow RI increased to 0.8,suggesting the occurrence of acute rejection.A single dose of Rituximab,intravenous IG,and plasma exchange were given.On the POD 60,serum creatinine was reduced to 131 μmol/L.During a follow-up period of 28 months,imrnunosuppresants were given:Tac + MMF + Pred.FK506 valley concentration was maintained at 6-8 μg/L.The function of the transplanted kidney and liver was normal,and the general conditions were good.Conclusion Combined kidney transplantation and splenic fossa auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation is safe.Individualized medication and regular follow-up are the important factors for long-term survival of recipients.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical results of hook plate internal fixation for the treatment of distal traumatic injuries of clavicle,and to analysis the mechanism of the complications.

METHODSFrom 2001.9 to 2008.2, 36 patients with fresh distal clavicle fractures of Neer type II and 14 patients with dislocation of Acromioclavicular joint of Tossy type III were treated with hook plate internal fixations. Among the patients, 36 patients were male and 14 patients were female, ranging in age from 19 to 77 years, with an average of 43 years. After the operation, the range of motion of shoulder joint was measured and the complications were studied. The Karlsson and Constant-Murley criteria were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up with a mean duration of 12 months (7 to 18 months). All the patients could move shoulder joint actively 1 week after operation, and recover to the normal ROM at the 6th week after operation. According to Karlsson criteria, 44 patients got an excellent result, 6 good. According to Constant-Murley criteria, the average score of wound shoulder was (73.8 +/- 8.3) before operation, and (59.6 +/- 6.7) after operation, and the postoperative score was higher than preoperative score. No incision infections were found and 5 patients with complications were cured. No re-dislocation of acromioclavicular joint occurred.

CONCLUSIONIt is advocated that hook plate for the treatment of distal clavicular fractures of Neer type II and acromioclavicular dislocation of Tossy type III could provide sufficient stability to allow early functional rehabilitation, and to decrease the rate of complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Clavicle ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the value of MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique in endocrine therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) based on PI-RADSv2.1. Methods A retrospective analysis of 57 patients with pathologically confirmed PCa was conducted. All patients underwent multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) according to PI-RADS v2.1 technical specifications before biopsy and six months after endocrine therapy. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in cancer and non-cancer areas before biopsy and six months after endocrine therapy. Patients were grouped based on the mRECIST criteria and PSA level into responders (n=45) and non-responders (n=12). ROC curves were obtained to assess the correlation between changes in ADC values and PSA values before and after endocrine therapy. Results In the responder group, the ADC value of the cancer areas was increased significantly after endocrine therapy (P<0.001). No statistically significant difference of the ADC value of the cancer areas was found in the non-responder group before and six months after endocrine therapy (P=0.714). The ADC change of responders and non-responder groups were (0.411±0.178)×10^-3 mm²/s and (-0.014±0.125)×10^-3 mm²/s, respectively (P<0.001); the ADC ratio were (60.603±30.201)% and (-1.096±13.175)%, respectively (P<0.001). The cutoff value of the ADC change was 0.165 (AUC=0.974; sensitivity, 88.89%; specificity, 100.00%; PPV, 100.00%; NPV, 70.59%). The cutoff value of ADC ratio was 16.827% (AUC=0.980; sensitivity, 91.11%; specificity, 100.00%; PPV, 100.00%; NPV, 75.00%). The ADC values were negatively correlated with serum PSA before and after endocrine therapy. Conclusion The ADC change and ADC ratio may be facilitated to monitor the efficacy of endocrine therapy for PCa. The ADC values were negatively correlated with serum PSA.

To study the function and potential application of nkx2.5, a critical gene for heart development, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus overexpressing nkx2.5 gene (Ad-Nkx2.5) with the AdEasy system. To evaluate the effect and mechanism of Ad-Nkx2.5 against oxidative injury, the H9c2 myocardial cells were infected with the recombinant adenoviruses Ad-Nkx2.5 or Ad-EGFP, and subsequently exposed to H2O2 to induce apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic potential of Ad-Nkx2.5 was validated by MTT assay for cell viability, Hoechst33342 staining for cellular morphology, and immunoblotting for caspase-3 activity. Ad-Nkx2.5 infection led to an increased survival rate of H9c2 cells and decreased the amount of caspase-3 in an active form. Additionally, overexpression of Nkx2.5 inhibited the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Mechanismic studies showed that Nkx2.5 upregulated bcl-2 gene expression and significantly repressed H2O2-induced expression of bax detected by Real-time PCR. Additionally, H2O2 treatment did not affect the nuclear localization of Nkx2.5. These findings indicate that adenovirus-mediated nkx2.5 gene transfer exerted a protective effect on H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway, and the Nkx2.5-mediated expression modulation of apoptosis-associated genes could be involved in this event.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5 ; Homeodomain Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ex vivo ureteroscopy (ExURS) as means of rendering a donated kidney stone-free in a living related renal transplantation.Methods Clinical data were analysed of ExURS as means of rendering a donated kidney stone-free in a living related renal transplantation and relative literature was reviewed.The ECT results showed that GFR of left and right kidney was 38.7 and 42.3 ml/min respectively.The donor underwent a left laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.Immediately after cold perfusion,ExURS was performed with 4 ℃ ice-cold saline irrigation.Basket extraction and holmium laser lithotripsy was performed.Calculi were fragmented with pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy and fragments were removed with forceps.F6 indwelling ureteral stents were kept during transplantation.Urine flowed out immediately after reperfusion of the allograft and the distal ureter appeared edema 2 min later.Routine ureter-bladder wall anti-reflux replantation was done after the resection of the edema part.Results Pyeloscopy was successfully performed.A total of 2 calculi,diameter 8,12 mm,were visualized in donor kidney.The ex vivo treatment time was 30 nin.The warm and cold ischenia time was 60s and 50 min,respectively.There were no intraoperative complications.At a follow-up at 8 months,there was no recurrent calculi formation in the recipient and donor.Conclusion ExURS is technically feasible to render a stone-bearing kidney stone free without compromising ureteral integrity or renal allograft function.

AIM:To explore the changes and significance of Kupffer cells in the process of tree shrew chroni -cally infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV).METHODS:The animals were divided into 3 groups.Group A consists of 6 tree shrews that were identified as persistently infected with HBV;group B consists of 3 tree shrews that were suspected as persistently infected with HBV;group C consists of 4 tree shrews that were not inoculated with HBV and were applied as normal controls.Liver biopsies were collected regularly from all animals , and the Kupffer cells were isolated , purified and primarily cultured.The techniques of flow cytometry , immunohistochemistry, lysosomal fluorescent probe staining and real-time RT-PCR were applied to determine the number and function of these Kupffer cells .RESULTS: The result showed that the count and proportion of CD 163+cells in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C ( P<0.05).Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity levels of lysosomal , the number of lysozyme-positive cells and the mRNA ex-pression level of TNF-αin the Kupffer cells in group A were significantly lower than those in group B and group C ( P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Kupffer cells may play a regulatory role during host’s chronic HBV infection.

OBJECTIVEAcute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) accounts for 15 to 25 percent of childhood acute leukemias. Cytogenetic information is important for diagnosis, classification and prognosis of AML. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between karyotypic characteristics and prognosis of childhood AML.

METHODAccording to karyotypic characteristics, 128 newly diagnosed children AML were separated into 4 subgroups: patients with t(15;17) (group APL), patients with t(8;21)/inv(16) (group A), patients with -7/t(9;22)/complex karyotypes (group C) and the others (group B). Prognoses of these patients were analyzed.

RESULTSThe ages ranged from 1 to 16 years with the mean age of 7 years. 85 boys and 43 girls were included in this study. The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were (55.9 ± 4.7)% and (69.3% ± 4.5)%, respectively. The 4-year EFS and OS of non-M(3)-AML patients were (49.9 ± 5.2)% and (57.1 ± 6.0)%, respectively. The probabilities of 4-year EFS of the four subgroups were (72.2 ± 1.1)%, (66.3 ± 7.7)%, (38.5 ± 9.1)% and (20.1 ± 12.3)%, respectively (P = 0.000). The probabilities of 4-year OS were (92.6 ± 5.1)%, (69.4 ± 7.9)%, (55.6 ± 8.6)% and (30.0 ± 12.3)%, respectively (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONCytogenetic aberrations seen in pediatric AML had a significant impact on prognosis.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome