Objective To evaluate the effect of iodine supplementation on improvement of developmental quotient (DQ) at the critical period of infant brain development.Methods Pregnant,lactating women and infants less than 3 years old were supplemented with iodized oil in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture(Linxia Prefecture) Gansu Province in 2006-2010.Before and after the intervention(2006,2007-2010),five townships were randomly selected in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of eight counties(cities) of Linxia.One village was chosen from each of those townships and 20 infants,20 pregnant women and 20 lactating women were randomly selected in each village(insufficient was made up from the neighboring villages).Urinary iodine(UI) level of the infants,pregnant and lactating women were determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.DQ value of infants was measured before and after supplementation of iodized oil in 2006 and 2010.UI value of pregnant,lactating women and infants was monitored every year after iodine supplementation.Results Before iodine supplementation(2006),the median UI level of pregnant,lactating women and infants was 89.28,84.85,107.3 μg/L,respectively.After iodine supplementation,the medians UI level in 2007,2008,2009 and 2010 were,respectively,pregnant women:136.0,187.8,118.2,175.8 μg/L; lactating women:135.2,159.8,187.5,163.5 μ g/L; infants:139.6,174.7,190.7,168.4 μg/L.Before iodine supplementation,the DQ value of infants was 92.8 ± 16.3,and the average score of gross motor,fine motor,adaptive capacity,language and social behavior was 93.7 ± 20.0,91.4 ± 20.0,92.4 ± 19.0,90.3 ± 20.0,96.4 ± 22.1,respectively.After iodine supplementation,the DQ value of infants was 104.3 ± 13.8,and the average score of gross motor,fine motor,adaptive capacity,language and social behavior was 104.8 ± 21.5,104.1 ± 17.2,104.8 ± 16.1,99.9 ± 19.1,108.0 ± 22.7,respectively,which were higher than that before iodine supplementation (t =-10.43,-10.77,-13.78,-14.28,-9.96,-15.33,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Iodine deficiency at the critical period of brain development can affect the intellectual development of infants and young children at all functional areas of intelligence.Iodine supplementation at the critical period of brain development can prevent mental retardation caused by iodine deficiency disorders.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 135 cm Corsair microcatheter inpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) with antegrade approach via radial artery. Methods From June 2010 to February 2014, a total of 81 patients with CTO lesions treated with 135cm Corsair microcatheter (Asahi Intec Co, Japan) and transradial antegrade approach was enrolled in this study. The success rate of CTO-PCI, the rate of Corsair microcatheter crossing the CTO lesions and the number of balloon catheters utilization were retrospectively analyzed. Unique complications related to the Corsair microcatheter were also documented. Results Success recanalization of CTO were achieved in 73 (90.1%) patients. Crossing the CTO body with Corsair microcatheter was found in 56(84.8%) patients. The number of balloon utilized after Corsair microcatheter crossing the CTO was much lower than that of patients who Corsair microcatheter failed to cross (1.3±0.6 per patient versus 2.8±1.2per patient, P < 0.05). The success recanalization rate of combined using Fielder XT guidewire with Corsair microcatheter was 51.5%. There was no complications related to Corsair microcatheter during the index procedure, no major adverse cardiac events during in-hospital clinical follow-up. Conclusions Corsair microcatheter was safe and effective in the recanalization for CTO with transradialantegrade approach. It can simplify the CTO-PCI procedure and reduce the number of balloon catheters.

Objective Myocardial bridging is a congenital anomaly.However,little data is available for patients with myocardial bridging (MB) associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).The goals of this study are to evaluate characteristics of MB in patients with AMI.Methods From March 1999 to February 2006,137 patients with both MB and AMI,were identified by coronary angiography,including 117 men and 20 women with an average age of 60.77±12.01 years (range 30-83 years) were enrolled in the present study.Results There were 119 patients with MB at the middle segment of left anterior descending artery (LAD),15 patients at distal segment of LAD,2 patients at middle segment of left circumflex (LCX),and 1 at the proximal segment of the obtuse marginal branch (OM) of LCX.There are 36 patients with non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEAMI),38 patients with anterior ST elevation AMI (STEAMI),40 patients with inferior STEAMI and 23 patients with inferior-posterior STEAMI.Risk factors such as hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and smoking were not different among four groups.Patients with anterior AMI included 8 patients who showed no stenosis at the segment of MB.Conclusion Patients with MB and ST elevation AMI were mainly inferior AMI.MB might be one of the causes of AMI.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation assisted with snare to fix the delivery system.

METHODSThis study was made in 5 healthy goats. After the abdomen was opened and the abdominal aorta was exposed, a stiff guide wire was advanced into the apex of the left ventricle through abdominal arterial puncture points. The delivery catheter equipped with valved stent was inserted into the descending aorta under fluoroscopy along the stiff guide wire. A minimal thoracic surgery approach was used to access the apex of the heart. A J-type guidewire and 5 F multifunction catheter were placed transapically and across the aortic valve down to the descending aorta. The snare was introduced through the 5 F catheter into the ascending aorta and was controlled to seize the head of stent delivery catheter. Then the delivery catheter was advanced into the left ventricle. The valved stent was positioned in the desired position under aortography and then the balloon was dilated and the valved stent was deployed into the aortic annulus assisted with snare to fix the catheter to prevent stent dispositions. Aortic angiography and echocardiography were performed to evaluate of valve performance post procedure.

RESULTSThe interventional procedure was completed successfully in all 5 goats. The mean aortic annulus diameter was (23.8 ± 2.6) mm, two valved stent of 23 mm diameter and three valved stent of 26 mm in diameter were implanted. The operation duration and X-ray exposure time were (112.3 ± 19.5) min and (16.8 ± 5.2) min, respectively. Immediate observation after procedure showed that the valved stents were in the desired position after implantation by angiography and echocardiography. No moderate to severe aortic regurgitation was observed. All goats were alive at 1 month post procedure.

CONCLUSIONSThe procedure of transcatheter implantation of a balloon-expandable valved stent into the aortic valve position of goats assisted with snare to fix the delivery catheter is feasible and effective. This procedure might be suitable also for patients with noncalcified aortic stenosis.

Animals ; Aorta ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Catheterization ; Echocardiography ; Fluoroscopy ; Goats ; Stents ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of low-dose CT (LDCT) in coal mine workers with relatively long working years. Methods: A total of 907 coal mine workers with ≥20 working years were enrolled, among whom there were 863 male and 44 female workers with a mean age of 49.5 years. Digital radiography (DR) was performed for these workers in 2013, and LDCT was performed for three consecutive years from 2014 to 2016. Results: A total of 32 workers were found to have lung nodules by DR in 2013, while in 2014, 269 workers were found to have non-calcified lung nodules by LDCT, and there was a significant difference in the number of workers with lung nodules (χ²=233.73, P<0.005) . There was also a significant difference in the detection rate of nodules between the workers with different working years of dust exposure (χ²=6.648, P=0.00) . The male workers had a significantly higher detection rate of nodules than the female workers (χ²=5.690, P=0.017) . There was no significant difference in the number of nodules between workers with different types of work (χ²=16.985, P=0.05) . There were 443 lung nodules in total, among which 71.56% were solid nodules and 55.75% had a size of ≤4mm; malignant nodules were confirmed by surgery in 6 (0.66%) of the 907 workers after baseline LDCT. LDCT reexamination in 2015 and 2016 found new nodules in 8 workers and enlarged nodules in 3 workers, and there was no significant change in the number of nodules with a size of ≤4 mm. Conclusions It is necessary to perform high-risk population screening for coal mine workers by LDCT. The follow-up strategies for nodules with a size of ≤4mm are the same as those for negative results; annual reexamination is recommended for nodules with a size of >4-8 mm, and clinical treatment should be considered for nodules with a size of >8 mm.

OBJECTIVETo compare the detection effect of Legionella pollution in spring water by three methods, namely traditional plating method, fluorescent quantitation PCR method and ethidium monoazide (EMA) fluorescent quantitation PCR method.

METHODSEvery month (except May), we collected 11 water samples from the 5 selected hot spring pools in one hot spring resort in Beijing in 2011. A total of 121 water samples were collected, and then were detected by the above three methods qualitatively and quantitatively.

RESULTSIn our study, the Legionella pollution rate was separately 74.4% (90/121), 100.0% (121/121) and 100.0% (121/121) by the above three methods. The quantitative value of Legionella in the 121 water samples detected by the three methods were around 0.10-216.00 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml, 1.47-1557.75 gene units (GU)/ml and 0.20-301.69 GU/ml, respectively. The median (25th and 75th percentiles) was 75.30 (32.51-192.10) GU/ml, 36.46 (16.08-91.21) GU/ml and 5.30 (0.00-33.70) CFU/ml, respectively. The difference in the quantitative value of Legionella detected by the three methods showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 187.900, P < 0.01). The quantitative value of Legionella detected by fluorescent quantitation PCR method was the highest, followed by the value Legionella detected by EMA-fluorescent quantitation PCR method and traditional plating method.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitivity of the PCR methods was higher than traditional plating method, in detecting Legionella pollution in spring water, especially the EMA- fluorescent quantitation PCR method, which was more suitable for detecting Legionella in water.

Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Hot Springs ; microbiology ; Legionella ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Microbiological Techniques ; Water Microbiology

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in fortified milk on physical development in Chinese school girls aged 10 - 12 years.

METHODSA non-randomized, double-blind intervention trial was carried out at nine primary schools of Beijing for two years. Seven hundred and fifty-seven girls (with an average age of 10.1 years) were recruited from nine primary schools in Beijing, China. They were divided into three trial groups, a control group (n = 259) having regular diet without milk supplementation, Group 1 (n = 238) having regular diet supplemented with 144 ml/d of calcium-fortified milk, and Group 2 (n = 260) having regular diet supplemented with 144 ml/d of calcium and vitamin D-fortified milk. Data of dietary intake and physical activities were collected by questionnaire, and height, weight, sitting height and knee height were measured before, during and after intervention.

RESULTSTwo years after intervention, the percentage increases in height and weight were significantly greater in Groups 1 and 2 than those in control group (9.52%, 9.26% and 8.59% in height, and 34.53%, 35.38% and 30.91% in weight, respectively). The percentage increase of sitting height was greater in Group 1 than those in Group 2, and then than that in control group (9.21%, 8.58% and 7.87%, respectively). The percentage increase of knee height was significantly greater in Group 1 than that in Group 2 and control group (9.00%, 8.37% and 8.44%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONCalcium and vitamin D-fortified milk supplementation could promote their physical development in girls aged 10 - 12 years.

Animals ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Calcium, Dietary ; pharmacology ; Child ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Food, Fortified ; Human Development ; Humans ; Milk ; metabolism ; Vitamin D ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the relationship between iodine nutrition and growth/ development in infants at the key period of brain development.Methods All women from pregnancy to the end of lactation and the weaning infants within 3 years in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture (Linxia Prefecture) were added iodized oil in 2006-2010.In 2006,2010 one town was randomly selected from each of the five directions (east,south,west,north,central) of each county in Linxia Prefecture.One village was chosen from every town and 20 infants,20 pregnant women and 20 lactating women were randomly selected in each town.Urinary iodine (UI) of the infants,pregnant and lactating women were determined.DQ value,height and weight of part of infants were measured.According to the above sampling plan,UI of pregnant women,lactating women and infants had been monitored every year after intervention.0-3 infants were choosing to be control before intervention.Results UI of 1056 and 2989 0-3 infants were investigated before and after the iodine oil intervention.After the ‘iodine oil' intervention,the median UI of infants increased from 107.3 μg/L to 139.6-190.7 μg/L,the percentage of UI level that lower than 50 μg/L,decreased from 23.9％ to 6.7％-12.9％.DQ value increased from 92.8 to 104.3,the percentage of normal height and above increased from 65.0％ to 82.1％ and the percentage of the normal weight and above,increased from 59.3％ to 81.4％.The outcomes of DQ value,height and weight showed statistically significant differences,compared to the pre- intervention outcomes (P＜0.05).The median UI of pregnant and lactating women increased from 89.3 μg/L to 118.2-187.8 μg/L and from 84.9 μg/L to 135.2-187.5 μg/Lrespectively.Conclusion Infant' s growth and development were retarded when iodine deficiency existed at the key period of brain development.Intake of oral iodine oil at key period of brain development could provide adequate nutrition thus improve growth and development on infants.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of rotational atherectomy in the interventional treatment of coronary chronic total occlusion lesions. Methods: In this retrospective study,a total of 31 consecutive patients with coronary chronic total occlusion(CTO) lesions underwent rotational atherectomy in our hospital from February 2004 to December 2016 were enrolled,and the clinical features were analyzed. Coronary atherectomy was performed if balloon failed to cross the CTO lesions or balloon could not be fully dilated in the CTO lesions after wire crossing. The definition of procedure success was defined as residual stenosis less than 20% after implantation of drug eluting stent and rotational atherectomy. After the procedure, the patients were followed up to observe major adverse cardiac and cerebral vascular events which including cardiogenic death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and target lesion revascularization. Results: The 1.25 mm diameter burr was firstly selected in 80.6% (25/31) patients,and 96.8%(30/31) patients used only 1 burr to complete the rotational atherectomy procedure. The complication rate was 9.8% (3/31) including 1 patient with coronary dissection and 3 patients with slow flow or no flow. There was 1 patent with both coronary dissection and slow flow. The procedure success rate was 96.8%(30/31). Interventional treatment related myocardial infarction occurred in 3 patients during hospitalization.The 30 patients with procedure success were followed up 36(11, 96) months. The incidence rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebral vascular events was 13.3% (4/30), of which the cardiogenic death rate was 3.3% (1/30), the myocardial infarction rate was 6.7% (2/30), cerebrovascular accident rate was 3.3%(1/30),and the target lesion revascularization rate was 6.7% (2/30). Conclusion Rotational atherectomy is safe and effective in the interventional treatment of coronary CTO lesions.

BACKGROUNDThe success rate of antegrade approach for chronic total occlusions (CTO) recanalization has not dramatically increased, especially in complex CTO subset. The retrograde technique may hold great promise. This report aimed to describe our experience of retrograde recanalization for CTO, focusing on its safety and feasibility.

METHODSWe identified 42 patients who underwent revascularization in CTO with retrograde approach from July 2005 to November 2009 in our center.

RESULTSThree kinds of strategy were applied: retrograde as primary strategy (50.0%), retrograde immediately after antegrade failure (26.2%) and repeat procedure after previous antegrade failure (23.8%). Septal collaterals were more frequently used as the retrograde access route (92.9%). Overall success rate was 88.1%. In patients with successful retrograde wire crossing collateral channel to the distal cap of CTO, the success rate of recanalization was 94.1%. In patient with failure to cross the collaterals, the success rate was 62.5%. Eight different kinds of retrograde techniques were used: kissing wire technique (35.3%), wire trapped and reverse wire trapped technique (17.6%), back-end balloon and microcatheter reversal technique (14.7%), controlled antegrade and retrograde subintimal tracking (CART) technique (8.8%), reverse CART and modified reverse CART technique (8.8%), retrograde wire crossing technique (2.9%). There were 4 complications occurred without in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE). In-hospital MACE was 7.7%. All of them were non-Q wave myocardial infarction. There were no cases of death or target vessel revascularization, either surgery or percutaneous.

CONCLUSIONSThe retrograde approach can be an effective tool for increasing the success rate of recanalization in the very complex CTO. To ensure the success and safety of the approach, careful case selection and device handling by experienced operators is essential.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Chronic Disease ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Occlusion ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Treatment Outcome