Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases reported in Zhejiang Province in 2020 for prevention and control. Methods: Data of notifiable infectious diseases reported in Zhejiang Province in 2020 were extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence and death of notifiable infectious diseases were analyzed and compared with the averages from 2015 to 2019; then the characteristics of some key diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ), influenza and other infectious diarrhea were summarized. Results: Totally 487 271 cases of 30 kinds of infectious diseases were reported. The incidence and mortality rate was 832.94/100 000 and 0.615 4/100 000, which were 7.05% and 14.60% lower than the average value of 2015-2019.The weekly morbidity of Class A and Class B infectious diseases fluctuated between 1.24/100 000 and 3.68/100 000, and hit the bottom in the sixth to eighth week. The morbidity of Class C infectious diseases was 154.19/100 000 in the first week, then dropped to 4.83/100 000 in the second to sixth week and maintained at a low level. High morbidity of infectious diseases were reported in Hangzhou ( 1 412.62/100 000 ), Jinhua ( 960.35/100 000 ) and Ningbo ( 921.25/100 000 ). The morbidity of class C infectious diseases in Hangzhou was 1 248.80/100 000, which was far higher than that of other ten prefecture-level cities. The diseases with high reported morbidity were influenza (438.45/100 000), other infectious diarrhea (140.29/100 000 ), hand-foot-and-mouth disease ( 99.64/100 000 ), pulmonary tuberculosis ( 41.92/100 000 ), syphilis (41.37/100 000) and viral hepatitis ( 30.48/100 000 ). More deaths were reported in AIDS and pulmonary tuberculosis, and the mortality were 0.482 1/100 000 and 0.116 2/100 000. A total of 1 306 confirmed cases, 302 asymptomatic infections and 1 death of COVID-19 were reported. Conclusion In 2020, the incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Zhejiang decreased compared with the average value of 2015-2019. Pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis and hepatitis B still have high morbidity, and the COVID-19 epidemic spread widely. The morbidity of some respiratory infectious diseases and imported infectious diseases have dropped significantly compared with previous years.

OBJECTIVETo examine the protective effect of ecdysterone (ECR) against beta-amyloid peptide fragment(25-35) (Abeta(25-35))-induced PC12 cells cytotoxicity, and to further explore its mechanism.

METHODSExperimental PC12 cells were divided into the Abeta group (treated by Abeta(25-35) 100 micromol/L), the blank group (untreated), the positive control group (treated by Vit E 100 micromol/L after induction) and the ECR treated groups (treated by ECR with different concentrations of 1, 50 and 100 micromol/L). The damaged and survival condition of PC12 cells in various groups was monitored by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and MTT assay. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by fluorometric assay to indicate the lipid peroxidation. And the antioxidant enzymes activities in PC12 cells, including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were detected respectively.

RESULTSAfter PC12 cells were treated with Abeta(25-35) (100 micromol/L) for 24 hrs, they revealed a great decrease in MTT absorbance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT and GSH-Px as well as a significant increase of LDH activity and MDA content in PC12 cells (P < 0.01). When the cells was pretreated with 1-100 micromol/L ECR for 24 hrs before Abeta(25-35) treatment, the above-mentioned cytotoxic effect of Abeta(25-35) could be significantly attenuated dose-dependently, for ECR 50 micromol/L, P < 0.05 and for ECR 100 micromol/L, P < 0.01. Moreover, ECR also showed significant inhibition on the Abeta(25-35) induced decrease of SOD and GSH-Px activity, but not on that of CAT.

CONCLUSIONECR could protect PC12 cells from cytotoxicity of Abeta(25-35), and the protective mechanism might be related to the increase of SOD and GSH-Px activities and the decrease of MDA resulting from the ECR-pretreatment.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Catalase ; analysis ; Ecdysterone ; pharmacology ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; analysis ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; analysis ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Rats

AIMTo observe the behavior in learning and memory and the expression of c-fos gene from the brain of rats induced by beta-AP25-35, and the intervention of ecdysterone, in order to explore the protective mechanism of ecdysterone on the dysfunction of learning and memory of the rat induced by beta-AP25-35.

METHODSMicroinjection of beta-AP25-35 into hippocampus induced learning and memory dysfunction of rats. The learning and memory of rats were observed by Morris Water Maze. The expression of c-fos gene in the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe results of Morris Water Maze showed that after rats were microinjected beta-AP25-35 into hippocampus, the rats in model group took longer latency and searching distance compared with the ones in control group (P < 0.01), and the rats in treated group (ECR 4 mg x kg(-1), ECR 8 mg x kg(-1) and nimodipine 7.2 mg x kg(-1)) took shorter latency and searching distance, especially the ECR 8 mg kg(-1) group (P < 0.01). At the same time, after the 5 days training, there was a higher expression of c-fos in hippocampus and cortex from the rats in control group than that in model group (P < 0.01), but in the treated group, there was a relatively higher expression of c-fos, especially the ECR 8 mg x kg(-1) group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMicroinjection of beta-AP25-35 into the rat hippocampus resulted in dysfunction of learning and memory. Ecdysterone was shown to improve the learning and memory of the rats and increase the expression of c-fos. Increasing the expression of c-fos is probably one of the most molecular mechanism of its protection.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; toxicity ; Animals ; Ecdysterone ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; Genes, fos ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Microinjections ; Peptide Fragments ; antagonists & inhibitors ; toxicity ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors in Zhejiang Province. Methods The data which was been analyzed including month case of scarlet fever and meteorological factors from JAN 2005 to DEC 201 4,were analyzed for the degree and characteristic of the correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors with generalized additive model(GAM).Results There were negative correlation between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including water vapor pressure and hours of sunshine.There were complex nonlinear correlations between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including precipitation,average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature .The relationship between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature showed approximate quadratic function.The precipitation above 3 500(0.1 mm),average barometric pressure above 1 0 200(0.1 hPa)and under 1 0 050(0.1 hPa),average wind speed between 1 8.7 -23.6 (0.1 m/s)and average temperature between 1 00 -250 (0.1 ℃) were the suitable meteorological condition for scarlet fever.Conclusion There were complex nonlinear correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors.Precipitation,average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature may be associated with the incidence of scarlet fever.

OBJECTIVETo examine the clinical features of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) complicated by pulmonary infection after chemotherapy.

METHODSThe clinical data of 108 ALL children (115 case-times) with post-chemotherapy pulmonary infection were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors for pulmonary infection and the relationship between pathogens and chest CT findings were evaluated.

RESULTSThe highest incidence (77.4% ) of pulmonary infection occurred during remission induction, peaking at 31-60 days after chemotherapy. Patients with neutropenia had the highest incidence rate of pulmonary infection (67.0%). Bacteria (36%) and fungi (41%) were the two most common pathogens in the 41 patients who were etiologically suspected of or diagnosed with pulmonary infection. There was no significant difference in chest CT findings between patients with bacterial and fungal infections.

CONCLUSIONSThe children with ALL are most susceptible to pulmonary infection during remission induction, especially when they are neutropenic. Bacteria and fungi are the main pathogens of pulmonary infections in these patients. However, the changes in chest CT images are poor indicators of the nature of pulmonary infection.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; complications ; drug therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed at constructing secretory eukaryotic expression vector of KGPcd gene encoding whole amino acid residues of mature KGPcd from Porphyromonas gingivalis and investigating the transcription and expression of recombined plasmid VR1020/KGPcd in mammalian cells.

METHODSEukaryotic expression plasmid VR1020/KCPcd was constructed by using molecular cloning methods. Then, the VR1020/KGPcd was transfected into mammalian cell COS7 with Lipofectamine 2000 according to the manufacturer's instruction. The transcription of VR1020/KGPcd was assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression product of VR1020/KGPcd was analyzed by using indirect immunofluorescence. The protein secretion in cultural medium was detected by ELISA method.

RESULTSIt proved that the VR1020/KGPcd could be transcribed and translated into transfected COS7 cells. The expressed targeted protein could be secreted into cultural supernatant and could be detected by ELISA.

CONCLUSIONThe eukaryotic expression plasmid of VR1020/KGPcd was constructed successfully and its product can be expressed in mammalian cells. The results indicated that the recombinant plasmid has antigenicity and may be acted as candidate gene vaccine. This laid a basis for its use as gene vaccine candidates in the development of anti-periodontitis and paved the way for further study.

Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Plasmids ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; genetics ; Transfection

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cardia ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagogastric Junction ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Sirtuin 1 ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVEIt was reported previously that genistein could inhibit proliferation of human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV(3), but mechanism was not clear. There is a close relationship between EGFR mediated signal transduction pathway and the development of ovarian tumor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genistein on the EGFR mediated signal transduction pathway and to clarify its mechanisms of proliferation inhibition on human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV(3) and its xenograft in nude mice.

METHODSThe expression of c-erbB-2 protein was determined using immunocytochemistry. The expressions of c-jun and c-fos protein were determined using Western blotting. The expression of c-erbB-2, c-raf-1, c-jun and c-fos mRNA were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe expression of c-erbB-2, c-raf-1 and its downstream gene c-jun and c-fos were decreased at mRNA level in the 20 micromol/L genistein group. The expression of c-erbB-2 protein were decreased, its average absorbency (A) were decreased after treatment of SKOV(3) with 20 micromol/L genistein for 48 h, reached at 0.42 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.05). Western blotting demonstrated that the expressions of c-jun and c-fos protein were decreased gradually after being treated with 20 micromol/L genistein for 12 - 72 h.

CONCLUSIONSGenistein could down-regulate the expression of two key genes, c-erbB-2 and c-raf-1 at mRNA and protein level in the EGFR mediated signal transduction pathway, and down-regulate the expression of its downstream nuclear transcription factors c-jun and c-fos at mRNA and protein level. It is suggested that interfering the expressions of some key signal molecules in EGFR mediated signal transduction system by genistein may account for its molecular foundation of proliferation inhibition in ovarian carcinoma.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, fos ; Genes, jun ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo establish the bone marrow stem cells (MSC) model which could highly express the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) transfected by dog's IGF-1 gene.

METHODSpIRES2-EGFP-IGF-1 was transfected into MSC by lipofectamine. Positive clones were selected with G418. The expression of IGF-1 protein in the MSC was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The IGF-1 in the supernatant of the transfected MSC was detected by sandwich-in ELISA. The periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) were cultured in the supernatant of the transfected MSC. The changes of PDLC' proliferation were observed by MTT.

RESULTSIGF-1-transfected MSC could apparently express IGF-1. The IGF-1 protein in the supernatant of the transfected MSC was confirmed by sandwich-in ELISA. IGF-1 could promote the PDLC' proliferation.

CONCLUSIONSThe MSC transfected by dog's IGF-1 gene can highly express IGF-1, which may lay the foundation for further study on periodontal regeneration.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dogs ; Genetic Vectors ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of methionine and choline on the expression levels of CaMKII and CREB mRNA and proteins in hippocampus of rats exposed to lead.

METHODSMale SD rats were divided into five groups. (1) control group, (2) group exposed to lead+2 by drinking water with 0.40 g/L lead acetate, (3) group exposed to methionine and choline (1:1, 400 mg/kg), (4) group exposed to 0.40 g/L lead acetate plus methionine and choline (1:1, 100 mg/kg), (5) group exposed to 0.40 g/L lead acetate plus methionine and choline (1:1, 400 mg/kg). In 8 weeks after exposure, all rats were killed. Then CREB mRNA and CaMK II mRNA expression levels in hippocampus were detected by real-time PCR, CREB and CaMK II protein expression levels in hippocampus were measured by western blot assay.

RESULTSThe expression levels (0.743 ± 0.185 and 0.729 ± 0.199) of CaMKII mRNA and CREB mRNA in the hippocampus of lead group were significantly lower than those (0.950 ± 0.238 and 0.901 ± 0.232) of control group (P < 0.05), also the expression levels (0.271 ± 0.045 and 0.212 ± 0.058) of CREB protein and pCREB protein in the hippocampus of lead group were significantly lower than those (0.319 ± 0.058 and 0.506 ± 0.125) of control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels (1.014 ± 0.210 and 1.126 ± 0.379) of CaMKII mRNA and the expression levels (1.029 ± 0.335 and 0.932 ± 0.251) of CREB mRNA in the hippocampus of 2 groups exposed to lead acetate plus methionine and choline were significantly higher than those of lead group (P < 0.05). The expression levels (0.407 ± 0.951 and 0.563 ± 0.178) of CREB protein and pCREB protein in the hippocampus of group exposed to lead acetate plus 400 mg/kg methionine and choline were significantly higher than those of lead group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMethionine and choline could decrease the inhibition effects of lead on the expression of CaMKII and CREB mRNA or CREB and pCREB proteins in the hippocampus of rats.

Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; metabolism ; Choline ; pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lead ; toxicity ; Male ; Methionine ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley