Currently,antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent global public health problem.Human defensin,a family of innate immune peptides,plays an important role in the control of infectious disease because of its low resistance to microbiological infection.However,so far there is seldom report on industrial production of bioactive defensin.Human β-defensin 3 (HBD3) is a member of human innate antimicrobial peptides.It has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and function in a variety of inflammation diseases.In addition,HBD3 is considered as a good candidate for antibiotics,because it has a strong killing activity to antibiotics-resistant microbes and resistance to highsalt environment,it is especially valuable for the treatment of ocular surface inflammatory diseases.This review covers the in vitro research on the production of HBD3,optimization of structure-activity and its antimicrobial potential for ocular surface infection,which may provide a supportive evidence for the commercial production of HBD3 and other antimicrobial peptides in biopharmaceutical area.

Background and purpose: Increasing evidence has indicated that polymorphisms in the microRNA (miRNA, miR) binding site of target gene can alter the ability of miRNA and modulate the risk of cancer. We aimed to investigate the association between a miR-520a binding site single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs141178472 in the PIK3CA 3’UTR and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese Han population. Methods:The polymorphism rs141178472 was analyzed in a case-control study, including 386 colorectal cancer patients and 394 age-and sex-matched controls. The relationship between the polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer was examined by statistical methods. Results:Individuals carrying the rs141178472 CC genotype or C allele had an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CC vs TT, OR=1.716, 95%CI:1.084-2.716, P=0.022;C vs T, OR=1.258, 95%CI:1.021-1.551, P=0.033). Furthermore, the expression of PIK3CA was detected in the peripheral blood mononucleated cell of colorectal cancer patients, suggesting that mRNA levels of PIK3CA might be associated with SNP rs141178472. Conclusion:These ifndings provide evidence that a miR-520a binding site polymorphism rs141178472 in the PIK3CA 3’UTR may play crucial roles in the etiology of colorectal cancer.

Objective We aimed to construct the handbook of self-management for patients with permanent colostomy by using the Delphi method.Methods Based on htemture review,23 experts were consulted twice by using the Delphi method about the related problems of constructing the handbook of self-management for patients with permanent colostomy,and the consulting results were analyzed later.Results The valid response rates of two rounds of expert consultation were 91.3％ and 100.0％,respectively.The authority coefficient of the experts (Cr) was 0.879,and coordination coefficients of the experts' opinion (W) were 0.387 and 0.307,respectively.Finally,the handbook of self-management for patients with permanent colostomy was determined by two rounds of expert consultation.Conclusions The handbook of self-management for patients with permanent colostomy,consmucted by using the Delphi method,provides a practical and effective tool for the patients with permanent colostomy to manage themselves,so as to provide a guidance and supervision role on self-management,such as stoma management,role management and emotion management,fither more,it provides references for the clinical and community nursing of the patients with permanent colostomy.

Objective The survey aimed to investigate the self-efficacy of permanent colostomy patients at different stages,and explore its impact factors.Methods A total of 267 cases of permanent colostomy patients at different stages (postoperative hospital stay,postoperative chemotherapy and home rehabilitation),coming from many domestic top three hospitals were investigated using the general information questionnaire,C-COH,the Stoma Self-Efficacy Scale,and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS).Results The total score of self-efficacy of 267 colostomy patients was (75.97 ± 23.92),ranked in the middle level,and it showed a rising tendency at postoperative hospitalization,postoperative chemotherapy and home rehabilitation.The influencing factors of self-efficacy of the patients at postoperative hospitalization included psychological well-being,BMI and age the regression coefficients were 7.126,1.512 and-0.281.the influencing factors of self-efficacy of the patients at postoperative chemotherapy included psychological well-being,age,the proportion of medical insurance,living state and caregiver,the regression coefficients were 5.182,-0.726,0.238,7.993 and 6.083; the influencing factors of self-efficacy of the patients at home rehabilitation included spiritual well-being,social support,self-care degree,gender and the monthly cost of ostomy supplies,the regression coefficients were 7.215,-7.820,-9.616 and-4.762.Conclusions The influencing factors of self-efficacy of permanent colostomy patients at different stages was different,the medical staff should assess and screen the high-risk factors of self-efficacy positively,according to the individual circumstance and stage,to formulate the individualized intervention measures,so as to enhance the patients' self-confidence to deal with and manage the disease,thereby increasing the level of self-efficacy.

Objective To explore the weight for the training target of Applied nursing undergraduate. And find the degree of importance for the indexes of the target , thus highlighting theApplied training objective characteristics. Methods Developed by Bloom's teaching objectives classification theory and educational objectives theory to refined indexes, using Delphi method to establish the Applied nursing undergraduate training objectives. By the importance assignment from experts on each index, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to construct the judgment matrix. Then calculate the weight of each index weight, and test its logical consistency. Results The weight of theattitudes and valueswas 0.56, andknowledgeandabilitywere 0.22. For the secondary indicators, in the values dimension,professional attitudeandideological qualityhad relatively high weight.Under the knowledge dimension, the professional knowledge had the highest weight; and for the ability dimension,communication skillsandapplicationswere heavily maximum. All the random consistency rates (CR) for the indexes were less than 0.10, so there was no logical confusion. ConclusionsAppliednursing undergraduate talents need to combine theory and practice quickly into clinical work. By weight setting, this study provides basis to further quantify and highlight the Applied nursing undergraduate training features, and provides the basis for the application-oriented undergraduate nursing personnel reforms.

Objective To develop the Applied nursing undergraduate students training framework objective, clear the entry of applied training target for undergraduate nursing students. Methods Through literature review and panel discussions, Delphi expert consultation questionnaires were preliminary designed. 23 experts were issued via email and paper questionnaires, conducted two expert advice and analysis. Results A total of 20 valid questionnaires were recovered after two consultation. The expert advice of good scientific reliability:experts had positive reply, and the authority level was 0.857, Kendall were 0.130-0.293, it showed a good level of coordination (P < 0.05). By two rounds of expert advice, three capacity index target level for Applied nursing undergraduate students training were gotten: attitudes, values and basic literacy; knowledge of the target; the ability. The secondary capacity index for target had 15 items, and the third capacity index had 63 items. Conclusions TheAppliednursing undergraduate students training objectives and targets were refined through Delphi which provide the basis for the Applied nursing undergraduate training model and curriculum reform.

Objective: To observe the effect of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) on the muscle strength in senile sarcopenia. Methods: Sixty-five old people with sarcopenia were randomized into Yi Jin Jing group and a blank control group. Thirty-three patients in Yi Jin Jing group practiced Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises), while 32 patients in the blank control group didn't receive any interventions. The muscle strength was measured before and after 12-week training. Results: During the study, each group had 1 dropout. The muscle strength was improved after 12-week training in Yi Jin Jing group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the blank control group (P>0.05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between Yi Jin Jing group and the blank control group in comparing the muscle strength (P<0.05). Conclusion: Constant Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) training can notably improve skeletal muscle strength in senile sarcopenia.

The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine have been reported to possess significant pharmacological activity and played an important role in clinical treatments. However, lots of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine suffer from disadvantages such as low solubility, high melting point and low stability that results in low bioavailability and limit its clinical application. Crystal structure plays an important role in improving physicochemical properties and efficacy of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. This review concludes the research advances of several crystal forms used in the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine in terms of polymorph, cocrystal, amorphous/coamorphous and nanocrystal. And the effects of crystal forms on the physicochemical properties and efficacy of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine were reviewed. This research may be useful for the formulation preparation and development of the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical outcomes of locking compression plate (LCP) combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for the treatment of Pilon fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to December 2012, Pilon fracture patients treated by LCP with MIPPO were retrospectively analyzed. All open fractures, pathologic fractures and those who had limb vascular disease or nerve injury were excluded. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled, including 29 males and 9 females aged from 21 to 78 years old with an average of 48 years old. According to AO classification, 20 cases were type B, 18 cases were type C. Operative time, blood loss, reduction quality, time of fracture healing complications and postoperative ankle joint function were applied for evaluating clinical outcomes, AOFAS scoring were used for assessing postoperative clinical effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 13 to 24 months (averaged 18 months). All patients obtained bone union without any plate failures or loss of fixation/reduction. One patient occurred superficial wound infection, and resolved with antibiotics and local wound care. Postoperative average AOFAS score was 81 (ranged 65 to 97).

CONCLUSIONLCP with MIPPO for Pilon fratcure has advantages of less invasion, fewer complications and satisfactory ankle function.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo understand if the Neuraminidase (N1) of Influenza A virus at the surface of yeast-displaying system, eukaryotic expression system and the infected cells could be used for anti-NA Abs screening, their activities and bindings to five candidate Abs were assayed.

METHODSThe surface NA expression was obtained by transfecting by recombinant NA constructors with specific tag-labels or live virus infection. The functional activity was measured by the fluorescent assay. Their bindings to the Abs were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe surface NAs presenting on the yeast-displaying system and eukaryotic expression system exhibited functional NA activities as the NA at the surface of virus-infected cells which showed affinities to Ab1, 4, and 5. The same bindings to Abl and 5 were found in the surface NA expressed by eukaryotic expression system while minor binding was observed in the yeast displayed-NA.

CONCLUSIONThe epitopes of yeast-displayed NA may be different from the NAs present at eukaryotic expression system and the infected cells which more likely suitable for the screening of anti-NA Abs.

Antibodies ; immunology ; Antigens, Surface ; genetics ; immunology ; Cell Line ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Neuraminidase ; genetics ; immunology ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology