Thirteen adult guinea-pigs were divided into 3 groups:2 as normal controls;6 and 5 being treated with streptomycin sulphate 200 and 400mg per kilo body weight res- pectively for 21—60 days.The vestibular and auditory functions were tested.Their brains were prepared for Bielschowsky and Nissl sections.Microscopic examination re- vealed the following facts. Vascular disturbances prevail in the nervous system.The blood vessels are crumpled with concommittent perivascular edema.The adjacent nervous tissue shows ischemic softening and the nerve fibres become demyelinated. The intoxicated nerve cells are generally dehydrated and shrunken often with eccen- tricity of nuclei and chromophilic lumps.Gliosis and neurophagosis are common. The vestibular and cochlear systems of the eighth or stato-acoustic nerve exhibit intoxicative changes in the 2 groups of animals.On the peripheral as well as the central side,the degeneration of the vestibular structures supercedes that of the cochlear system. The site and nature of the intoxication are much alike in the light and heavy-dose groups,yet the latter shows a higher severity. The degenerative alterations appear simultaneously in the perpheral and central struc- tures.A question of primacy in intoxication—peripheral or central—is not existent. There is a chain of structures on the peripheral and central sides of the stato-acoustic system;their degeneration does not proceed along the conduction path,nor the degree of intoxication varies with their relative positions on the conduction scale.The peri- pheral and central units get intoxicated independently. Besides the stato-acoustic structures streptomycin afflicts other sensory(e.g.trige- minal) and motor systems,the viscero-motor in particular.Streptomycin intoxication is general in nature,yet some structures are especially sensitive to it. The relative vulnerability to streptomycin of the nervous structures is apparently conditioned by their chemical constitution. Streptomycin injuries higher brain parts which are mainly motor,especially viscero- motor.The diencephalic viscero-motor nuclei,the striate complex and the visceral cor- tex are excessively disintegrated.The extensive intoxicative manifestations have a neurological basis. The toxin of streptomycin affects the entire nervous system and hence the whole bodily mechanisms.Its medical application calls for a meticulous consideration with respect to the patient's sensitivity to the antibiotic,the size of the dose and the length of the therapeutic course.

Lower limb lengthening, especially femur lengthening and tibia lengthening, is the most commonly used and effective technique in management of limb length discrepancy and dwarfism. However, there are many complications and sequelae in clinic practice, which limits the application and development of this technique to some extent. The reasons may be related to the following two points: one is the lack of sub discipline of limb lengthening in the domestic system of health and medical education, in other word, it is difficult acquired academic and clinical guidance from specialty of "Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction" in orthopedics departments and hospitals. Secondly, limb lengthening and reconstruction with its own theoretical principles and medical model is a systematic engineering and integration discipline, which cannot be completely guided by the classical orthopedic medical paradigm. The complications of lower limb lengthening have been classified according to local and general, immediate, early and late stage, or by infection and non-infection, or by problems, obstacles, complications, etc. Regarding the nature, Qin proposed a new classification for complications, which is divided into five categories: from soft tissue, from joint, from bone, infective and complex. This classification method can reflect the characteristics of different types, reflect the progressive relationship, and is easy to record, distinguish, emphasize and avoid. Different types of complications can occur in different stages of lower limb lengthening, different kinds of complications can occur alone or simultaneous, and different degrees of complications can transform into each other. It requires that surgeon engaged in limb lengthening must have solid knowledge of orthopedics, and be able to quickly identify and effectively deal with various complications; the patients should fully understand and implement the key points of each step during the whole process of limb lengthening, doctors and patients should be friends to avoid and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of Fuzbeng-Liqi mixture on hepatitis resulted from anti-tuberculosis drugs.Methods 100 inpatients of hepatitis resulted from anti-tuberculosis drugs during January 2005 to December 2007 were randomly sorted out into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was treated with Fuzbeng-Liqi mixture,and the control group was treated with routine drugs.The effect was analyzed by 2/2 test.Results The therapeutic effect of the treatment group markedly excelled than the control group in terms of symptoms improvement such as nausea or vomit,tiredness,icterus,bepatalgia,or augment of liver.Conclusion Fuzbeng-Liqi mixture was not only able to ameliorate the clinical manifestations of drug-induced hepatitis,but also improve hepatic function.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the incidence and clinical manifestations of adverse drug reactions(ADR)induced by Chinese drugs preparations in hospitals of Ya'an district and discuss the rational dosage regimen of Chinese drugs preparations.METHODS:The adverse drug reactions(ADR)induced by Chinese drugs preparations in hospitals of Ya'an district occurred from Jan.to Dec.in 2008 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The ADR induced by Chinese drugs preparations occurred via intravenous drip represented 76.8% of the total;lesions the skin and its appendages the major system-organ involved,represented 31.3% of the total;18.3% were induced by Shuanghuanglian injections,and serious ADR accounted for 4.0%.CONCLUSION:It is important to use traditional medicine preparations rationally so as to reduce or avoid the incidence of ADR.

Neuregulin-1,a member of the epidermal growth factor family,plays an important role in the neuronal survival,development,migration,myelin formation,and synaptic plasticity and function. This article mainly summarized the structure and function of neuregulin1 and its neuroprotective roles in cerebral ischemia. Tne neuroprotective mechanisms of neuregulin-1 may include the inhibition of the early inflammatory response and apoptosis,and the regulation of the expression the neurotrophic factors.

Objective The study is intended to examine changes in prefrontal cortex ATP concentrations over time in PCPA induced insomnia rats,and to examine the intervention effects of Suanzaoren decoction.Methods SD rats randomly assigned to normal control,control,model,SZRD control,SZRD treatment,5-HTP,and 5 HTP + SZRD groups.PCPA was injected intraperitoneally over three days to induce the insomnia model.One day after induction,at the fourth,fifth,sixth,eighth,and tenth days after experiment,subjects from each group were examined for prefrontal cortex ATP concentration using the HPLC method.Results Prefrontal cortex ATP concentrations in the PCPA Model group at the fourth,fifth,sixth,eighth,and tenth days were declined significantly compared with the Control group (P＜0.01).Compared with the PCPA Model group,the SZRD treatment group showed significant (P＜0.05) increase at the fourth,fifth,sixth,and eighth days after assay,and a significant increase (P＜ 0.01) on the tenth day.A comparison of the Control group with the Normal control group,and a comparison among the SZRD control group,the 5 HTP,and 5-HTP+SZRD groups showed no significant differences in prefrontal cortex ATP concentrations.Conclusion SZRD with 5 HTP itself has no significant effect on normal rats prefrontal cortex ATP levels,SZRD role of the prefrontal cortex appear to the ATP after PCPA caused insomnia.

Objective To investigate the impact ofα?lipoic acid(ALA)treatment on sepsis?induced acute kidney injury in rats and explore the mechanisms. Methods A total of 32 male SD rats were randomized into 4 groups:normal control group(group A),ALA?treated control group (group B),sepsis group(group C)and sepsis with ALA treated group(group D). Group A and B underwent sham operation,while CLP operations were conducted in group C and D. Rats in both group B and group D were then administered with 200 mg/kg ALA by oral gavage immediately after the surgical procedure. Twenty?four hours after the surgical procedure blood samples were obtained for the evaluation of creatinine,BUN,TNF?α,IL?6 and IL?1β. Rat kidneys were rapidly removed for PAS stain. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of NF?κB. Results Pathologi?cal changes of kidney were induced by sepsis and the level of creatinine,BUN,TNF?α,IL?6 and IL?1βwere significantly increased by 178%,66%, 55%,114%and 110%(P<0.01). respectively;simultaneously the phosphorylation and nuclear expression of NF?κB p65 in kidney tissues were significantly increased by 144%and 102%(P<0.01). Sepsis?induced acute kidney injury also significantly reduced the expression of IκBαby 61%(P<0.01). These changes were significantly suppressed by early ALA treatment. Compared with C group,the level of creatinine,BUN,TNF?α,IL?6 and IL?1βwere significantly decreased by 48%,26%,25%,37%and 40%(P<0.05),respectively,and the relative expression of IκBαwas increased by 103%(P<0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that ALA can suppress the activation of NF?κB,thus ameliorat?ing sepsis?related acute kidney injury.

Objective:To investigate surgical methods and clinical effects of tibial pseudarthrosis due to neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) in adult using Ilizarov technique combined with intramedullary nail.Methods:A total of 12 adult with tibial pseudarthrosis due to NF1 treated by Ilizarov technique combined with intramedullary nail from October 2009 to December 2017 were retrospectively included. There were 6 males and 6 females with an average age of 27±8.3 years (range 17-44). All cases presented severe anterior arch in varus or valgus deformity with shortening in an average of 10.8±3.7 cm (range 5.6-16.5 cm). The in-volved levels were at the middle and lower part of tibia. All cases suffered from more than one treatment with failed surgery. One male patient with 5 times of unsuccessful operations. There were 4 cases with severe limping gait and 8 cases with walking with the help of brace (or single crutch) preoperatively. Regarding the family history, seven cases were inherited by father and 5 cases by mother. During surgery, the part of tibial pseudarthrosis and thickened fibrous tissue surroundings like periosteal were removed. The contracture achilles tendon was elongated in open way, and intramedullary nailing cross the ankle joint was applied when the tibial medullary cavity opened. Further, iliac bone grafting and proximal tibial osteotomy were performed with Ilizarov fixator application finally. The tibia was lengthened at a rate of 0.5-1 mm/d at 7 days postoperatively. The healing rate of pseudarthrosis and the length and alignment of limb were evaluated by X-ray routinely. The lower limb function and complications were assessed by self-made table for lower limb deformity correction and functional reconstruction.Results:All patients were followed up for 31-80 months with an average of 47.6±14.7 months. Bone union of pseudarthrosis in all cases was eventually achieved. The tibia was lengthened 5-12 cm with an average of 8.4±2.5 cm. There were 9 cases underwent second surgeries to promote bone healing and to correct residual deformities. The external fixator was used for 25-37 months with an average of 31.5±3.7 months. There was no complication, including neurovascular injury, severe soft tissue or bone infection affecting the clinical effects. All intramedullary nails were not removed finally. The limb function and gait in full weight bearing in 12 patients recovered at the latest follow-up. The evaluation score was 2.4±0.3 (range 2.1-2.8), of which 9 cases were excellent 3 were good. Thus, the excellent and good rate was 100%.Conclusion:The satisfactory clinical effects, including angular deformity correction, pseudarthrosis healing and short limb lengthening, can be achieved in adult with tibial pseudarthrosis due to NF1 by using the combination method of Ilizarov technique and intramedullary nail. However, the treatment duration could be longer.

Objective To analysis the characteristics of thromboelastography and coagulation test in patients with advanced pregnancy combined with severe preeclampsia. Methods A retrospective single?center study was conducted. 35 patients with advanced pregnancy combined with se?vere preeclampsia who were admitted to hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed compared to 43 third trimester patients with?out any complication. All the patients were treated based on the routine strategy. Blood sample were taken from the middle elbow vein to test blood cell count,serum biochemistry test,routine coagulation test and thromboelastography. All the results,including R,K,CI,α?angle and MA value, were compared between two groups. Analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between all parameters of TEG and coagulation test. Re?sults There was no statistical significance between two groups in age ,prothrombin time and activated partial prothrombin time. In the severe pre?eclampsia group,the R value of TEG was increased(5.21±1.20 min vs 6.19±1.55 min,t=-3.144,P=0.002),α?angel was decreased(64.43°± 7.90° vs 60.37°±7.09°,t=2.367,P=0.02),and CI was decreased(0.81±2.27 vs-0.37±1.82,t=2.495,P=0.015). In blood cell count test,the platelets count was decreased in severe preeclampsia group[(217.48±65.68)×109/L vs(166.65±61.39)×109/L,t=3.500,P=0.001]. In routine coagulation test,only thrombin clotting time was increased in severe preeclampsia group(14.59±0.51 s vs 15.28±0.97 s,F=-3.800,P<0.001). In serum biochemistry test,the albumin was decreased in severe preeclampsia group(34.75±3.90 g/L vs 28.77±4.05 g/L,t=6.632,P<0.001),while serum urea nitrogen was increased(2.78±0.87 mmol/L vs 5.98±8.07 mmol/L,F=-2.333,P=0.026). In correlation analysis,thrombin clot?ting time had relationship between R(r=0.290,P=0.010),CI(r=-0.257,P=0.023)andα?angle(r=-0.243,P=0.032). Platelets count cor?related with CI(r=0.383,P=0.001),K(r=-0.409,P<0.001),α?angle(r=0.375,P=0.001)and MA(r=0.512,P<0.001). Conclusion For those who suffered from severe preeclampsia patients with advanced pregnancy,low coagulation function occurs in most of the patients com?pared to those patients without any complications. Thromboelastography may be helpful for those who have high risk factors ,especially with low platelets count and increased thrombin clotting time ,so as to reduce the incidence of bleeding or thromboembolic diseases.

Objective To investigate the cross-talk between extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways in A375 human melanoma cells.Methods Cultured A375 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group receiving no treatment,two U0126 (a selective inhibitor of the ERK signaling pathway) groups treated with U0126 of 10 and 5 μmol/L,and two BMS-345541 groups treated with BMS-345541 of 10 and 5 μmol/L.After 24-hour treatment,Western blot and reverse transcription PCR were performed to measure the protein expressions of NF-κB P65,phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα),ERK1/2,as well as p-ERK1/2,and the mRNA expressions of NF-κB P65 and ERK1,respectively.One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD)-t test were carried out for statistical analysis.Results After 24 hours of treatment with U0126 of 10 and 5 μmol/L,a significant decrease was noted in the relative expression level of NF-κB p65 protein (0.60 ± 0.04 and 0.56 ± 0.06 vs.1.54 ± 0.15,both P＜ 0.01) and mRNA (0.79 ± 0.05 and 0.75 ± 0.04 vs.0.86 ± 0.05,both P ＜ 0.01),but a statistical increase in that of p-IκBα protein (0.90 ± 0.05 and 0.70 ± 0.02 vs.0.61 ± 0.03,both P ＜ 0.01) in the two U0126 groups compared with the control group; significant differences were observed in the expression level of p-IκBo protein (P ＜ 0.01) but not in that of NF-κB p65 protein (P ＞ 0.01) between the two U0126 groups.The relative expression levels of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins as well as ERK1 mRNA were significantly higher in the control A375 cells than those in the cells treated with BMS-345541 of 10 μmol/L (0.73 ± 0.07,0.75 ± 0.09,1.51 ± 0.02,all P ＜ 0.01),but similar to those treated with BMS-345541 of 5 μmol/L (0.94 ± 0.11,0.99 ± 0.04,1.62 ± 0.03,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There is a cross-talk between ERK and NF-κB signal transduction pathways in A375 melanoma cells.