Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in the elderly. Methods The clinical and pathological features of 52 elderly patients with PNS and 64 non-elderly patients with PNS were retrospectively analyzed and compared.The elderly patients with PNS received routine treatment:oral corticosteroids prednisone 1mg·kg-1 ·d-1.After 8 weeks maintenance treatment,if symptoms were alleviated,the prednisone dose was gradually reduced to a maintenance dose, then was stopped gradually. If symptoms were not alleviated, the cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil was added. Results There were significant differences in the numbers of patients complicated with hypertension, infection,chronic renal insufficiency and hematuria between the elderly group and non-elderly group (P＜0. 05＝.But there were no significant differences in the level of blood albumin, quantitative measurement of 24 hours urinary protein and incidence rate of acute renal insufficiency between the two groups (P＞0.05). The major pathological types of PNS in the elderly were membranous nephropathy (46.2 %),IgA nephropathy (23. 1 %) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( 11.5 %), respectively. And the major pathological types of PNS in non-elderly group were mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (32.8%), IgA nephropathy ( 25.0% ) and minimal change nephropathy ( 20. 3 %), respectively.Complete remission after treatment was found in 31 patients(59.6%), partial remission in 18 cases and inefficacy in 3 cases. Conclusions The major clinicopathological type of PNS in the elderly is membranous nephropathy and should be treated using corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents,with different effects in different pathological types.

Objective To investigate the effect of microcireulation blood flow and altering immunity by Chuanxiongqin,ulinastain and thymosin α1 on sepsis patients.Methods 90 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30),namely ICU group,Chuanxiongqin group,ulinastain and thymosin α1 group.HLA-DR/CD14+and IL-6,TNF-α,Lac,DD were measured.Results (1)DD showed no significant difference at every time point between ICU group and ulinastain+thymosin α1 group(P＞0.05).DD decreased in Chuanxiongqin group,and was significantly different from the others on the third day.(2)Lac unchanged significantly at every time point in ICU group(P＞0.05).Lac in Chuanxiongqin group and ulinastain+thymeain α1 group tended to decrease,and was statistically different from ICU group on the second day.(3)IL-6 and TNF-α tended to increase at every time point in ICU group(P＜0.05).In ulinastain+thymosin α1 group,IL-6 and TNF-α returned to the level before treatment,HLA-DR/(D14+increased significantly,and was higher than Chuanxiongqin group and ICU group statistically.Conclusion Chuanxiongqin could ameliorate circulation;ulinastsin and thymosin α1 could depress IL-6,TNF-α.So ulinastain and thymosin α1 might protect the immunity of sepsis patients.

[Objective]To investigate and compare the changes of Drebrin A,Drebrin E and lcam-5 mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex of Frr-1 gene knockout mouse during brain development periods.[Methods]Fmr-1 gene knockout (KO) male mice and their wild type (WT) counterparts were chosen in our experiment (4≤n≤ 10);the levels of target mRNAs were detected by real time quantitative PCR;check points were set on the 7th,14th,21th and 28rh postnatal d.[Results] The mRNA level of Drebrin A in the KO group was significantly lower than that in the WT group on the 14th postnatal d,while that of Drebrin E was significantly higher than that in the WT group (P＜0.05).The mRNA level of lcam-5 in the KO group was significantly higher than that in the WT group on the 14th and 21th postnatal d (P＜0.05).[Conclusion] The delayed shift of Drebrin A to Drebrin E and transitional over-expression of lcam-5 in developmental cerebral cortex are the reasons for mental retardation in Fragile X Syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of a new biomaterial combining calcium citrate and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone regeneration in a bone defect rabbit model.

METHODSTotally 30 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into calcium citrate-rhBMP-2 (CC-rhBMP-2) group and rhBMP-2 only group. Two 10 mm-long and 5 mm-deep bone defects were respectively created in the left and right femoral condyles of the rabbits. Subsequently 5 pellets of calcium citrate (10 mg) combined with rhBMP-2 (2 mg) or rhBMP-2 alone were implanted into the bone defects and compressed with cotton swab. Bone granules were obtained at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after procedure and received histological analysis. LSD t-test and a subsequent t-test were adopted for statistical analysis.

RESULTSHistomorphometric analysis revealed newly formed bones, and calcium citrate has been absorbed in the treatment group. The percent of newly formed bone area in femoral condyle in control group and CC-rhBMP-2 group was respectively 31.73%+/-1.26% vs 48.21%+/-2.37% at 2 weeks; 43.40%+/-1.65% vs 57.32%+/-1.47% at 4 weeks, and 51.32%+/-7.80% vs 66.74%+/-4.05% at 6 weeks (P less than 0.05 for all). At 2 weeks, mature cancellous bone was observed to be already formed in the treatment group.

CONCLUSIONFrom this study, it can be concluded that calcium citrate combined with rhBMP-2 signifcantly enhances bone regeneration in bone defects. This synthetic gelatin matrix stimulates formation of new bone and bone marrow in the defect areas by releasing calcium ions.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Regeneration ; Calcium Citrate ; Humans ; Osteogenesis