Cough ; etiology ; Eye ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nose

Objective To determine the median effective dose (ED50 ) of ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia when combined with sufentanil in patients undergoing caesarean section. Methods Twenty-eight ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ parturients, aged 18-40 yr, weighing 50-110 kg, undergoing cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were enrolled in this study. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed at L2,3 interspace. The mixture of ropivacaine and 5 fig sufentanil was injected into the subarachnoid space over 30 s. The initial dose of ropivacaine was 11 mg. The dose was increased/decreased by 1 mg in the next patient. The ED50 and 95% confidence interval were calculated by up-and-down method. Results The ED50 of ropivacaine was 7.780 mg (95% confidence interval 6.850-8.836 mg). Conclusion When combined with sufentanil 5 μg, the ED50 of ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia is 7.780 mg in patients undergoing caesarean section.

To determine the immunoreactive pattem of human papillomavirus (HPV) antigen and p53 protein in condylomata acuminatum (CA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of penis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for HPV and p53 were performed in 40 specimens of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using a polyclonal (rabbit) antibody against HPV and a monoclonal (mouse) antibody against human p53 protein. Twenty one cases of CA and nineteen cases of SCC were examined. Results: HPV antigen was detected in all 21 CA and 2 penile SCC. p53 protein overexpression was observed in 12 of 19 (63%) SCC in which 6 cases were strong positive. Five of 21 CA (24%)showed low-grade p53 protein overexpression. Conclusion: CA is related to HPV infection and some cases show p53 protein low-grade overexpression. In contrast, p53 protein overexpression is common in penile SCC, which is seldom related to HPV infection.

The impact of prior cesarean section (CS) on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was investigated.A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior CS between January 2013 and December 2015.The pregnancy,delivery,and neonatal outcomes of patients who had previous CS delivery and received IVF-ET were analyzed.The control group comprised 166 patients who had only previous vaginal delivery (VD) and received IVF-ET during the same period.The results showed that the basal follicle stimulating hormone level,estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day,gonadotrophin dosage,duration of stimulation,retrieved oocytes,fertilization rate,high-quality embryo rate,multiple birth rate,abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The pregnancy rate (40.28％ vs.54.22％) and implantation rate (24.01％ vs.34.67％) were significantly lower (P＜0.05),and the ratio of embryo difficulty transfer (9/144 vs.0/166) was significantly higher in CS group than in VD group.The risk of pernicious placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage in twin deliveries was significantly increased in CS group as compared with that in VD group (P＜0.05),and gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly reduced in twin deliveries as compared with singleton deliveries in both groups (P＜0.05).It was suggested that the existence of CS scar may impact embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome,and increase the difficulty of ET.We should limit the number of transfer embryos to avoid multiple pregnancies and strengthen gestational supervision in patients with cesarean scar.

Objective To explore the activation and regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)on transcription of cytokines in cultured lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced nasal epithelial cells. Methods Normal sphenoid mucosa epithelium from 11 patients who accepted pitaitary tumor surgery via trans-sphenoid approach was separated and cultured without serum. The epithelium of the third or the forth passage was induced with LPS. Wedelolactone, a blocking agent of NF-κB was used at the same time. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to detect DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate mRNA of interleukin-1β( IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF), regulated on activation,normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, eotaxin-2, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ), inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17.0 software. Results DNA binding activity of NF-κB and mRNA of IL-1β, IL-8 and COX-2 increased in cultured LPS-induced nasal epithelial cells (relative values were 1. 013 ±0. 144, 0, 0, 0 respectively in control group and relative ones of LPS-induced were 2. 050 ±0. 305, 1. 057 ±0. 041,0. 950 ±0. 042, 0. 117 ±0. 012 respectively). There was significant difference between the control group and LPS-induced nasal epitherial cells group( P values were 0. 004, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 000 respectively). Corresponding expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-8 and COX-2 decreased after the addition of Wedelolactone(relative values were 0. 917 ±0. 188, 0. 180 ±0. 008,0, 0 respectively). There was significant difference between the LPS-induced nasal epithelial cells group and the Wedelolactone-addition group ( P values were 0. 002, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 000 respectively ). But the expression of mRNA of other factors were 0 in all groups. Conclusions The NF-κB signal transduction pathway was involved in the transcriptional regulation of IL-1β, IL-8 and COX-2 in cultured LPS-induced nasal epithelial cells.

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation at the frequency of mobile phones has been not reported to induce cellular responses in in vitro and in vivo models. We exposed HEI-OC1, conditionally-immortalized mouse auditory cells, to RF radiation to characterize cellular responses to 1763 MHz RF radiation. While we could not detect any differences upon RF exposure, whole-genome expression profiling might provide the most sensitive method to find the molecular responses to RF radiation. HEI-OC1 cells were exposed to 1763 MHz RF radiation at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 20 W/kg for 24 hr and harvested after 5 hr of recovery (R5), alongside sham-exposed samples (S5). From the whole-genome profiles of mouse neurons, we selected 9 differentially-expressed genes between the S5 and R5 groups using information gain-based recursive feature elimination procedure. Based on support vector machine (SVM), we designed a prediction model using the 9 genes to discriminate the two groups. Our prediction model could predict the target class without any error. From these results, we developed a prediction model using biomarkers to determine the RF radiation exposure in mouse auditory cells with perfect accuracy, which may need validation in in vivo RF-exposure models.
Absorption ; Animals ; Cellular Phone ; Gene Expression* ; Mice ; Neurons ; Support Vector Machine ; Biomarkers

Objective To optimize prescription of gentiopicroside nanoemulsion; To evaluate its quality and security. Methods According to the basic properties of gentiopicroside, single-factor test and pseudo-ternary phase diagram were adopted to optimize prescription of gentiopicroside nanoemulsion. The physicochemical property was investigated, and the content was evaluated by HPLC. Results Optimal prescription was obtained as gentiopicroside/ethyl acetate/ EL-35/ absolute ethyl alcohol/ ultrapure water (1.77:7.66:5.94:11.91:72.71); the particle size of nanoemulsion was 23.08 nm; the content of gentiopicroside was determined by HPLC; the specificity of the method was good with a linear range of 0.004 28–0.214 mg/mL; stability of prepared gentiopicroside nanoemulsion was good in the state of different temperatures, illumination intensity and humidity conditions, without significant changes. Conclusion The optimized preparation technology of gentiopicroside nanoemulsion is simple, repeatable and stable, which can provide references for improving the bioavailability of gentiopicroside.

Objective To study the value of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) in evaluating traumatic optic neuropathy. Methods DT-MRI data of bilateral optic nerve were acquired in 6 patients with unilateral traumatic optic neuropathy. Volume One 1.44 and DTV2 softwares were employed to measure the fraction anisotropy (FA) and average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and to self-compare between the injured and intact optic nerves. The architecture of the optic radiation fiber tracts were displayed with the software of diffusion tensor fiber tracking. Results All of the infraorbital segments of optic nerves were well demonstrated, with suboptimal intracanalicular portion in 2 patients. The average FA of intraorbital optic nerve in 6 patients: the injured side was 0.244±0.067 and the uninjured side was 0.452±0.053 (P=0.000);FA of the injured side obviously decreased. The average value of ADC: the injured side was (1.417±0.121)×10<'-3> mm<'2>/s and the uninjured side was (1.087±0.118)×10<'3> mm<'2>/s (P=0.003);the value of ADC of the injured side obviously increased. Statistically significant differences were noted between the injured side and the uninjured side. The spacial integralities and connected situations of the nerves could be obtained in 4 patients with significant differences between the injured and the uninjured sides. Conclusion DT-MRI can provide useful pathological information in evaluating traumatic optic neuropathy.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of treatment of frontal sinus diseases via combined transfrontal and intmnasal endoscopic approaches, and to explore its indications. Methods A retrospective study of 24 patients was conducted. All patients were underwent combined transfrontal and intranasal double approaches because of different kinds of frontal sinus diseases, including 16 cases with frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea caused by traumatic comminuted fractures located in posterior wall of frontal sinus, 5 cases with osteoma, 3 cases with inverted papilloma (cancer was confirmed in one case). Results All sixteen cases with frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were cured after the first attempt. All cases with osteoma and inverted papilloma (including the patient with canceration) were resected completely after the first attempt. Postoperative follow-up lasted from 3 to 132 months in frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, 8 -38 months in osteoma, 7 -42 months in inverted papilloma and canceration, the median follow-up period was 36 months. No recurrence was found. Operations were successful in all the patients and frontal sinus outflow tracts were unobstructed. No intraoperative or post-operative complications occurred and no disfigurement was found. Condnsions The potential indications frontal sinus with their lateral boundaries or operative site beyond the plane of the lamina papyracea.