Mechanical force has essential effects on cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration and differentiation, and the mechanism of mechanotransduction is still one of the hot spots in mechanobiology study. Traditional methods could not provide accurate evaluation of the protein activation signal upon mechanical stress application. The development of fluorescence protein technology greatly promoted the understanding of mechanotransduction. In particular, genetically-encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique has achieved a real-time dynamic observation of living cell signal protein activity, which provides a powerful tool for the in-depth study of biomechanics. In this paper, we provide a summary on recent progress of FRET application in biomechanics. Firstly we introduce the FRET technology, and then we summarize three methods to integrate the mechanical stimulation with the FRET imaging system on cell experiments. After that, the important progress of biomechanical research on signal pathway made by FRET technology, such as cytoskeleton, Rho family, calcium and cellular physical stress visualization, are also discussed. Finally, we point out the bottleneck of the future development in FRET technology, and also make the prospect of the application of FRET in mechanotransduction. In summary, FRET technology provides a powerful tool for the studies of mechanotransduction, which will advance our systematic understanding on the molecular mechanisms about how cells respond to mechanical stimulation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biosensing Techniques ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; chemistry ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical

Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To observe the real-time and short-term anti-hypertension efficacy of ear apex bloodletting plus acupoint thread embedding. Method Eighty-three eligible hypertension patients were randomized into group A of 28 cases, group B of 29 cases and group C of 26 cases. Group A was intervened by bloodletting at ear apex, group B was by acupoint thread embedding, and group C was by bloodletting at ear apex plus acupoint thread embedding. The blood pressure was recorded 5 min before intervention, as well as 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min following intervention, and the real-time anti-hypertension efficacy was compared. By analyzing the blood pressure before treatment and after 1-month treatment, the short-term anti-hypertension efficacy was compared. Result In group A and group C, the systolic and diastolic pressures at 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min after treatment were significantly different from that at 5 min before treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 60.7% in group A, 51.7%in group B, and 80.8% in group C. The therapeutic efficacy of group C was significantly different from that of group A and B (P<0.05). The total effective rates for grade 1 and grade 2 hypertension were respectively 84.6%and 40.4%in group A, 76.9%and 31.3% in group B, and 100.0% and 64.3% in group C. In the three groups, the therapeutic efficacy for grade 1 hypertension was markedly different from that for grade 2 hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusion Bloodletting at ear apex can produce a significant anti-hypertension effect, and bloodletting at ear apex plus acupoint thread embedding is an effective method in treating hypertension.

An investigation was made on reforrs of connty public hospitals in Yulin region,Shaanxi province.With theories of public administration,the authors probed into the government investment behavior in county-level public hospitals reform,hospital operation mechanism,and govemmem regulation,as well as multi-sector involvement in healthcare services Proposals made in the paper advocate constructing a responsible and limited service-based government in the county-level public hospitals reform.

Sera were collccted from mice immunized separately with schizonts, merozoitcs or different parasite stages, or from mice which had been recovered from Plasmodium yoelii yoelii infection. The effect of protection of cach serum against P. y. infection was assayed by passivc transfer technique. It was shown that only sera collected from mice which either had been trcated with chloroquine or had been naturally recovcred from P. y. infections can transfer certain dcgree of resistance to normal mice. The cffectivc sera delayed the appearance and the peak of parasitemia, and prolonged the survival time of the challenged mice. After these sera were fractionatcd by 50%(NH4)2SO4 precipitation, the prccipitated fraction showed similar degree of protection as the non-fractionated sera. Chloroquine-treated serum was shown to be able to inhibit the invasion of new erythrocytes by marozoite in vitro. 35S-methionine-labelcd antigens were precipitated by protective or non-protective sera and the bands were compared on SDS-PAGE and autoradiogram. Since thc antigcn bands of 245, 210, 190, 156 and 130 KD can only bc precipitated by protective sera but not by non-protectivc sera, it is possible that the protection of chloroquine-treated serum is induced by the specific antibodies against the above antigens.

This paper reports reaction of Bacillus lichendermis on the inhibitor vacations. The result Shows that, inhibition of the 500?g/mL of cephalosporin 1000?g/mL of penicillin, 500?g/mL of streptimycin, on the Bacillus Licheniformis,Whe the Phis 7.0. This provides a sicentific basis for using the preparation of Bacillus licheniformis.

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) for treating carotid artery stenosis is a recent developed technique which is less invasive and complications. This paper reviewed the progress, procedure, and complications of carotid artery stenting.

Objective To get a new approach for conserving the germplasm of Siraitia grosvenorii Methods Shoots, 0.8—1 cm in length, excised from test-tube plantlets which were subcultured 15 d, were precultured. Then its shoot-tips about 2—3 mm in length were dissected and loaded with 60% PVS2 at 25 ℃, and dehydrated with 100% PVS2 at 0 ℃, changed for fresh 100% PVS2 prior to directly plunging into liquid nitrogen. After cryopreservation for 24 h, the shoot tips were thawed, rinsed in MS+1.2 mol/L sucrose medium, blotted with filter papers, then plated on the MS + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/LGA3 + 0.8% agar + 45 g/L sucrose medium at 25 ℃ for 7 d in dark prior to exposure to the light. The root medium for regeneration plantlets was 1/2 MS + 0.2 mg/L NAA + 30 g/L sucrose. Results Shoots were precultured for 3 d on MS + 0.7 mol/L sucrose medium, then its shoot-tips loaded for 40 min, dehydrated for 50 min. After cryopreservation, the shoot tips were rapidly thawed in water at 40 ℃, then rinsed for 40 min. The survival rate of shoot-tips plated on the recovering medium in one week was 100%, and regeneration rate after 30 d was 78.33%, which was the highest. The regeneration plantlets inoculated on root medium were reconstructed integrating plantlets. Conclusion The method of vitrification to cryopreserve the germplasm of S. grosvenorii is a simple way with high survival rate and normal regeneration plants.

Objective To study the fatal risk factors to the patients with sepsis.Methods The data of 49 patients with sepsis were analyzed,who were consecutively admitted to intensive care unit(ICU)of Peking Union Medical College Hospital within six months.Patients' general states,clinical information,human leucocyte antigen-DR(HLA-DR)in blood monocytes and plasma level of diamine oxidase(DAO)were recorded.Simple logistic regression was done to analyze all the risk factors,and statistically significant variables were selected and used in multivariate and unconditioned Logistic regression analysis.The primary end point was hospital mortality.Results The subjects involved in present study were consisted of 49 patients with sepsis admitted to ICU of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Aug.2003 to Jan.2004,averagely aged 60.8?16.9 years;including 32 males(65.3%)and 17 females(34.7%);with APACHEⅡscores 18.6?8.0 and SOFA scores 5.9?3.8.Twenty-one out of the 49 patients(42.9%)were from non-operation department,and the other 28 patients(57.1%)were from operation department.ICU duration was 14.4?12.8 days;eighteen of the 49 septic patients died during hospitalization,with the 28-days mortality of 36.7%.Positive blood cultures(OR=5.237,95%CI 1.041~26.34,P=0.045),decreased platelet count and blood HLA-DR(OR=0.943,95%CI 0.901~0.98,P=0.01),and increased plasma levels of DAO(OR=2.235,95%CI 1.101~4.53,P=0.026)were obviously associated with mortality.The positive blood cultures,decreased blood HLA-DR and increased plasma levels of DAO were independent fatal risk factors for the patients with sepsis.Conclusions The positive blood cultures,decreased blood HLA-DR and increased plasma levels of DAO are high risk for the patients with sepsis at admission.

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