P-glycoprotein(P-gp),the product of multidrug resistance gene MDR1,plays a very significant role in the ADME processes(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion)and drug-drug interaction of drugs in human.The magnitude of resistance depends on the expression of MDR1 up-regulated by chemotherapy.DNA sequence differences ale associated with phenotypic variation by various mechanisms,single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)is the most common of them.Genetic polymorphisms of MDR1 are associated with alteration in P-gp expression and function in different ethnicities and subjects.

[Objective] To provide a basis for the identification of six species of Calicarpa. [Methods] Histological and microhistological features were studied. [Results] Obvious distinctive features of color and types of villi on the back of the leaf were found. [Conclusion] The method can be used to distinguish the features of the six species of Calicarpa.

Objective To study the influence of different dosages of atorvastatin in acute coronary syndrome female patients on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP).Methods 60 female cases of ACS patients were divided into A and B group.30 patients in the A group were given atorvastatin 20mg per night,while the other 30 patients in the B group were taken 40mg per night.The patients were followed four weeks by evaluating serum VEGF and BNP concentration.Results After treatment for four weeks,the patients in the two groups showed significant reduction in VEGF and BNP,however,the therapeutic group showed significant difference between the two groups.Additionally,the B group further showed significant reduction in VEGF and BNP.Conclusion Using high-dose atorvastatin lowers VEGF and BNP significantly,which could reduce female cardiovascμlar events.

Objective To find out evidences for the identification of Ajuga decumbens Thunb.(Jinchuangxiaocao) and Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth.(Guanghuoxiang) . Methods Fresh stems and leaves of the two species were collected and used as the samples. We used stereoscopy to observe and compare the macroscopic appearance of the original plants, and used light microscope to observe the stem cross-section, petiole cross-section, leaf epiderm and powder of the two species for microscopic identification. Results The results of macroscopic character identification showed that the petiole of Jinchuangxiaocao had narrow wing, while that of Guanghuoxiang had no narrow wing; the angles between leaf main vein and lateral vein of Jinchuangxiaocao were less than 45°, while the angles of Guanghuoxiang were more than 45°. In respect of microscopic identification, Jinchuangxiaocao had the glandular scales with multicellular head, and Guanghuoxiang had the glandular scales with one-celled head; the intercellular space and crystals were found in the cortex of Guanghuoxiang stems and mesophyll, while Jinchuangxiaocao has no such structures. Jinchuangxiaocao had diacytic and anomocytic stomata, and Guanghuoxiang only had diacytic stomata. Conclusion The appearance and microscopic differences can be used for the identification of Jinchuangxiaocao from Guanghuoxiang.

The paper analyzes current situation of the non -medical majors and literature information retrieval course in Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM) colleges and universities , points out the course reform objectives and key points .By taking Liaoning Universi-ty of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an example , it discusses the characteristics of non -medical majors and needs for the literature in-formation retrieval course , and proposes the teaching approach of literature information retrieval course for non -medical majors in TCM colleges and universities .

To summarize clinical experience of Professor HE Tian-you in treating chronic prostatitis with combined acupuncture and herbs.His originally created acupoint ‘san yin xue’as the main points in the acupuncture treatment,and other acupoints were selected according to pattern and symptoms.He emphasized Deqi (acupuncture esthesia) and was good at performing needling manipulation. Based on the main pathogenesis of obstruction of liver liver channel,Prof HE chose Bupleurum chinense,Turmeric Root Tuber,Rhizoma,Szechwan Chinaberry Fruit,litchi,Oldenlandia and spina gleditsiae to compose the main formula.Furthermore,some other herbs were added or subtracted in main formula according to pattern and symptoms.

Objective To find out evidence for the identification of the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. and F. altissima Bl.. Methods The fresh aerial roots of the two kinds of plants were collected. The appearance traits were observed by stereoscopy. The velamen surface, cross section of root tip, cross section of the posterior root and powder of two kinds of aerial roots were observed under microscope. Results The number of aerial roots of F. microcarpa Linn. f. was more than that of F. altissima Bl., while the diameter was less than that of F. altissima Bl.. Differences were shown in primary xylems of the transverse section of root tip and posterior root of the two kinds of aerial roots, there were 5-7 vascular bundles in F. microcarpa Linn. f. and 7-10 vascular bundles in F. altissima Bl.. As for the powder, the powder of F. microcarpa Linn. f. was yellowish brown, while that of F. altissima Bl. was reddish brown; F. altissima Bl. had more fibers and longer diameter than F. microcarpa Linn. f. and had cluster crystals in order. Conclusion The appearance and microstructure features showed by the results can be used to distinguish the aerial roots of F. microcarpa Linn. f. and F. altissima Bl..

Objective To investigate the clinical value and the expression of OX40/OX40L from lymphocytes of patients with Graves' disease (GD) before and after 131I therapy.Methods The expression of OX40/OX40L on T,B lymphocytes and the percentage of lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry in 32 patients with GD before and after 131I therapy.Twenty-five healthy subjects were considered as the control group.The data between GD patients and controls were compared with two-sample t test.The correlation between the expression of OX40/OX40L and the function of thyroid (FT3,FT4 and TRAb level) was performed with linear correlation analysis.Results Compared with the healthy subjects,the percentage of CD4+ T cells and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were decreased ((34.36 ±6.73)％ vs (45.60-±5.72)％,t=2.634; 1.24±0.26 vs 1.84±0.37,t=2.125,both P＜0.05).Whereas the percentage of CD19+ B cells in patients with GD were significantly higher than that in healthy subjects ((21.42 ±3.92)％ vs (15.35 ± 3.15)％,t =2.653,P ＜0.05).The expression of OX40 increased in CD4+ T lymphocytes ((12.92 ± 2.26) ％) and OX40L expression was up-regulated in CD19+ B lymphocytes ((15.33 ± 3.75)％) of patients with GD,compared with the healthy subjects ((4.19 ±1.45) ％ and (8.64 ± 1.73) ％,respectively,t =2.112 and 2.467,both P ＜ 0.05).The expression of OX40 in CD4+ T lymphocytes ((7.65 ± 1.64) ％) and OX40L in CD19+ B lymphocytes ((11.50 ±2.72)％) were increased after 131I therapy(t =2.795,2.393,both P ＜0.05).The thyroid functions of 32 GD patients were improved.The levels of FT3,FT4 and TRAb decreased significantly after 131I treatment (from 20.79 ±6.05 to 4.53 ± 2.54,from 49.65 ± 10.12 to 13.69 ± 4.35,and from 24.78 ± 8.46 to 11.74 ±6.19,respectively; t =2.219,2.441 and 2.293,all P＜0.05).The levels of FT3 and FT4 were positively correlated with the percentage of OX40 expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes (r =0.65 and 0.73,both P ＜ 0.05).TRAb was positively correlated with CD19+ OX40L + B lymphocytes (r =0.76,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions OX40/OX40L may play an important role in the activation of lymphocytes,the production of antibodies,and participate in the pathogenesis and progression of GD.131I therapy not only damages most of the thyroid follicular epithelial cells by its β ray,but also facilitates GD improvement by regulating T and B lymphocyte functions.

Objective To study the effects of valsartan and triptergium glycosides on the abnormal expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,diabetic nephropathy group(DN group),diabetic nephropathy treated with valsartan group(VAL group) and diabetic nephropathy treated with triptergium glycosides group(TG group).Diabetic nephropathy model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) in DN group,VAL group and TG group.The rats were sacrificed after 2,4,8 and 12 weeks.The body weight,blood glucose,renal function and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were measured,and the expression of CTGFmRNA in kidney was detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group,the levels of blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and UAER were significantly increased in DN group(P

The paper introduces the research significance of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM) literature information retrieval based on cognition analysis, by analyzing cognition of literature information demands of TCM students in different majors of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, it studies from three perspectives:literature information retrieval demand, retrieval thinking and development direction of TCM literature information retrieval system.It also points out that study on thinking and practice of literature information retriev-al based on cognition analysis is the effective approach to enhance information literacy and improve the comprehensive quality.