Mechanical force has essential effects on cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration and differentiation, and the mechanism of mechanotransduction is still one of the hot spots in mechanobiology study. Traditional methods could not provide accurate evaluation of the protein activation signal upon mechanical stress application. The development of fluorescence protein technology greatly promoted the understanding of mechanotransduction. In particular, genetically-encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique has achieved a real-time dynamic observation of living cell signal protein activity, which provides a powerful tool for the in-depth study of biomechanics. In this paper, we provide a summary on recent progress of FRET application in biomechanics. Firstly we introduce the FRET technology, and then we summarize three methods to integrate the mechanical stimulation with the FRET imaging system on cell experiments. After that, the important progress of biomechanical research on signal pathway made by FRET technology, such as cytoskeleton, Rho family, calcium and cellular physical stress visualization, are also discussed. Finally, we point out the bottleneck of the future development in FRET technology, and also make the prospect of the application of FRET in mechanotransduction. In summary, FRET technology provides a powerful tool for the studies of mechanotransduction, which will advance our systematic understanding on the molecular mechanisms about how cells respond to mechanical stimulation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biosensing Techniques ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; chemistry ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a kind of abnormal proliferation of malignant tumor diseases originated in lymphocytes,which is the most common malignant tumor in children.Although stratified treatment has significantly improved the efficacy of ALL in children,but 15％-20％ of the patients still have ultimately relapsed due to the minimal residual disease(MRD).MRD refers to the leukemia patients after induction chemotherapy complete remission (or bone marrow transplant),in vivo residual morphology which could not be detected in trace amounts of leukemia cells.The detection methods of MRD mainly include flow cytometry,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immune repertoire sequencing.MRD level detection is of great important to judge the prognosis,and to guide the risk grouping and individual treatment,and so on.Now,the progress in the clinical application of MRD in children with ALL in recent years was reviewed.

An investigation was made on reforrs of connty public hospitals in Yulin region,Shaanxi province.With theories of public administration,the authors probed into the government investment behavior in county-level public hospitals reform,hospital operation mechanism,and govemmem regulation,as well as multi-sector involvement in healthcare services Proposals made in the paper advocate constructing a responsible and limited service-based government in the county-level public hospitals reform.

With the change of diet and lifestyle,the development of medical concepts and techniques,the spectrum of disease has changed dramatically. The standardization of gastrointestinal surgery will be the key to further improvement.Endoscopic ultrasonography,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography-computed tomography and laparoscopy are helpful for preoperative staging of gastrointestinal carcinoma.The standards of operation,such as D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer and total mesenteric excision for rectal cancer,are also very important.Creating standards for multi-disciplinary treatment of gastrointestinal diseases will be important factors for improving outcomes.

Objective To understand and explore the lived study feeling and experience of nursing undergraduate students during high- fidelity simulation training so as to provide the evidence of reforming teaching methods and performing the teaching practice of nursing educators. Methods Phenomenological study of qualitative research was used. In- depth interviews were conducted among 4 focus groups. 28 nursing undergraduate students were interviewed to understand their lived study feeling. Results 5 themes were emerged using Colaizzi's phenomenologic method, including cooperating explicitly, integrating theory with practice closely, promoting disease observation ability and nursing decision making, enhancing self-confidence. Conclusions High- fidelity simulation training was beneficial to integrate theory with practice, cultivate students' comprehensive ability and increase clinical practical opportunities.

Establishment of depressive animal model is the premise for evaluating the effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on depression. Many traditional Chinese medicines for depressive treatment in a mouse model of experimental studies have demonstrated a sound antidepressant effect, indicating that traditional Chinese medicine treats depression effectively. Therefore, more and more attentions have been paid in recent years. My article made a summary on depressive animal models of experiment study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of glutamine on the nutritional metabolism and permeability of intestinal mucosa in MODS patients.Methods: The randomized and controlled study was designed.Twenty MODS patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The concentration of serum albumin,transferrin and blood sugar,L(lactulose) and M(mannitol) ratio in urine,nitrogen balance,the related complication were compared and obserwed.Results: In treatment group,the concentration of serum albumin,prealbumin and transferrin were higher than that of control group on the same time and showed significant difference(P

The tight junction of intestinal epithelium plays an important role in maintaining the function of intestinal barrier and regulating the cell differentiation. The intestinal epithelial cells interact with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix and then affect the epithelial barrier as well as the proliferation, polarization, and apoptosis of cells. As an important cell junction, the tight junction of intestinal epithelium participates in a series of signal transduction pathways including the classic cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding, inositol trisphosphate, Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and in some special pathways including zonula occludents protein 1-associated Y-box factor,cyclin related protein, phosphorylation, and methylation. Furthermore, regulations of gene and protein expression of the tight junction are also complex, while disorders of such regulations may lead to clinical diseases, such as disruption of the intestinal barrier, refractory infection, and even cancers. This article reviews the research advances in gene expressions, related signal transduction, and self-regulation in the tight junction of intestinal epithelium.

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Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who are return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on scene. Methods According to Utstein style,we collected the clinical data of OHCA patients who are ROSC on scene from the pre-hospital on the call of 120 of Henan Provincial People ' s Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016. We analyzed the data by SPSS 20.0 software. Results Among a total of 29 patients were enrolled,9(31.03%)were ROSC ≥ 6h,and 20 (68.97%)were ROSC < 6 h. There were no significant difference in the two groups in patients' age,sex,arrest location,witnessed by bystander,bystander CPR,initial arrest rhythm,etiology,the use of epinephrine. None of patients were survival in the group of ROSC≥6 h. The average length of hospital stay was(44.15 ± 34.16)hours, while the shortest length of hospital stay was 12.08 hours and the longest length of hospital stay was 125.75 hours. The ratio of emergency response time to the return to hospital time were 4.55 min ± 2.46 min vs 6.45 min ± 3.60 min,P=0.014 in all patients. The emergency response time consumes more time. Conclusion The hospitalized survival rate of ROSC patients is low. The occurrence of OHCA needs early prevention. The short-term survival(6 h)is not affected by the patients' basic situation and the first-aid situation.