OBJECTIVETo study whether the abilities of hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 gene immunization to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to E2 protein were affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS gene when they fused in DNA-immunized mice.

METHODSMice were immunized with E2, preS-E2 (preS gene was upstream of E2 gene), and E2-preS (preS gene was downstream of E2 gene) gene by their eukaryotic expression vectors, respectively. The anti-E2 or anti-preS antibodies were detected using the E2 and preS antigens. The cellular immune response to E2 protein in immunized mice was presented by its survival time after injecting SP2/O myeloma cells expressing HCV E2 protein into the abdominal cavity.

RESULTSChimeric E2 and preS gene immunization can induce mice to develop anti-preS and anti-E2 antibodies. The number of the mice developing anti-E2 antibody and the antibody titers in preS-E2 gene-injected group were higher than those in E2-preS gene-immunized group. However, the mice injected with E2 gene did not develop the detectable anti-E2 antibodies until 12 weeks after DNA immunization. After the mice was injected with target cells, the average survival time of the mice in the group immunized with E2 gene alone was longer than that of the group injected with E2 gene fused with HBV preS and was significantly longer than that of the control (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHBV preS might be a humoral enhancer that can affect the abilities of HCV E2 protein to induce immune responses in DNA-immunized mice.

Animals ; Antibody Formation ; drug effects ; Hepacivirus ; chemistry ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Hepatitis B virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; Immunity, Cellular ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Protein Precursors ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice CT (MSCT) and multi-dimensional reconstructions for congenital pulmonary stenosis (PS) in children.MethodsThe enhanced thin CT images of 33 patients with PS were retrospectively analyzed,the data was transmitted to the workstation for multi-planar reformation ( MPR),volume rendering technique (VRT) and maximum intensity projection (MIP).The CT imaging features of PS were analyzed combining with operation resul ts and Ultrasonic Cardiogram (UCG).ResultsIn 33 cases of PS,there were 17 cases with pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS),10 cases with right ventricular infundibulum stenosis (RVIS),and 6 cases with pulmonary trunk stenosis (PTS).The first two were correctly diagnosed by UCG,5 cases of PVS and Icases of RVIS were correctly diagnosed by MSCTA,the later was correctly diagnosed by UCG and MSCTA.In 14 cases with collateral circulations between aorta and pulmonary artery ( APC ),all were correctly diagnosed by MSCTA,only 3 case was diagnosed by UCG,1 case was misdiagnosed as PDA.UCG can clearly demonstrate the others intra-cardiac deformities,such as ASD,VSD,RVH,PFO,SV,DORV,TECD and TBD,the accuracy rate of MSCTA was 39.4％,and MSCTA can clearly demonstrate the origin,course and diameter of extracardiac vascular abnormalities,such as PDA,RAA,TGA,TAPVD,CoA,PLSV and VLSA,the accuracy rate of UCG was 697％.ConclusionsMSCT and multi-dimensional reconstruction were a kind of non-invasive method,it was a good approach for extra-cardiac vascular malformations and APC in PS.Combining with UCG,it can further be used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of intra-cardiac malformation and supply diagnostic evidence for clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the strengths and weaknesses of SPAIR and WE in iShim-IVIM of breast gland MRI scanning. Methods Twenty patients with breast tumor underwent iShim-IVIM and DCE-MRI scanning by SPAIR and WE technology. SNR ,CNR and ADC of the SPAIR-iShim and WE-iShim imaging were cal-culated and imaging quality were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done afterwards. Results The SNR and CNR of WE technology is higher than those of SPAIR statistically (P<0.05). There is no significant statistical differ-ence in score of the images between SPAIR and WE(P>0.05). The ADC of the center of the tumor has no signifi-cant statistical difference between SPAIR and WE(P>0.05). Conclusion The quality of the images using WE is significantly improved than SPAIR ,but both of them can meet the diagnostic requirements ,and the ADC has no statistical difference as well.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic, structural lung disease characterized by chronic cough, sputum production, and decreased exercise capacity. These symptoms worsen during exacerbations and impact negatively on health-related quality of life. Airway mucus clearance and pulmonary rehabilitation play an important role in the management of bronchiectasis, despite a relatively weak evidence base. Thus, the paper reviews the physiological rationale and clinical evidence of airway clearance techniques (ACTs), application and research progress of pulmonary rehabilitation in the management of bronchiectasis.