Objective To explore the association between clinical pathological characteristics and the expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and protein kinase B (AKT) in gastric carcinomas.Methods The expressions of EGFR and AKT were measured with immunohistochemical method in the cancer tissues and cancer-adjacent normal tissues from 153 cases of patients with gastric cancer.The association between clinical pathological characteristics and their expressions were analyzed.Results The expressions of AKT and EGFR in gastric cancer tissues had no relationship with gender,age,pathological type,and the degree of differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).A positive correlation was existed between the EGFR and TNM stages (x2 =5.43,P ＜0.05).The AKT was positively related to the size,T stage,and TNM stage of the tumor,respectively (x2 =4.73,4.95,5.32,P ＜0.05 orP ＜0.01).The levels of AKT (x2=4.83,4.75,P ＜0.05) and EGFR(x2 =4.67,4.58,P ＜0.05) in the gastric cancer tissues with lymph node and/or distant metastasis were significantly higher than the gastric cancer tissues without metastasis,respectively.Conclusions The over-expressions of AKT and EGFR would benefit the diagnosis and stages of a gastric cancer and the determination of its metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role and significance of pepsin and pepsinogen in the pathogenesis of OME in children. METHOD: Pediatric patients with otitis media aged 2-8 years who enrolled in our department of the hospital from May of 2012 to December of 2012 were set as experimental group (38 cases, 48 ears) which should be underwent tympanic membrane puncture/tube insertion. Meanwhile, pediatric patients waiting for cochlear implant without otitis media (10 ears), were set as control group. Middle ear lavage fluid and plasma samples from the two groups were collected and detected using enzyme-linked immune method for pepsin and pepsinogen. RESULT: The concentrations of pepsin and pepsinogen in the middle ear lavage fluid of OME group [(48.8 ± 415.99) ng/ml and 676.32 ± 336.71)ng/ml] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(8.20 ± 4.59)ng/ml and (77.27 ± 50.33) ng/ml] (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the concentration of pepsinogen in the middle ear lavage of OME patients was significantly higher than that of plasma (P < 0.01). The concentration of pepsin in the middle ear lavage fluid from the dry ear subgroup was lower than those in the serum ear and mucous ear subgroups (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference about concentrations of pepsinogen among the dry ear, serum ear and mucous ear subgroups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Pepsin and pepsinogen in the middle ear cavity of OME patients maybe originated from laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), indicating that LPR is associated with the pathogenesis of OME in children.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, Middle ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; physiopathology ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; metabolism ; Pepsin A ; metabolism ; Pepsinogen A ; metabolism ; Tympanic Membrane ; surgery

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, and to establish a nomogram for predicting the risk of PVT. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 283 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices who attended Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from December 2013 to December 2018, and according to imaging findings, the patients were divided into PVT group with 119 patients and non-PVT group with 164 patients. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen out independent risk factors; a nomogram was established and validated based on the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis, and C-index and calibration curve were used to evaluate its performance. ResultsThe univariate analysis showed that compared with the non-PVT group, the PVT group had significantly higher Child-Pugh class (χ2=9.388, P=0.009), proportion of patients with a history of splenectomy (χ2=26.805, P＜0.001), white blood cell count (Z=-2.248, P=0.025), platelet count (Z=-3.323, P=0.001), D-dimer(Z=-6.236, P＜0.001), and spleen thickness (Z=-2.432, P=0.015) and a significantly lower level of triglyceride (TG) (Z=-4.150, P＜0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a reduction in TG (odds ratio ［OR］=0.441, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 0.190-0.889), an increase in D-dimer (OR=1.151, 95%CI: 1.041-1.272), prolonged prothrombin time (PT) (OR=1160, 95%CI: 1.025-1.313), and a history of splenectomy (OR=2.933, 95%CI: 1.164-7.389) were independent risk factors for PVT in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. In addition, a nomogram was established based on the results of the multivariate regression analysis, with a C-index of 0.745, and the calibration curve showed good consistency between the observed and predicted values for the development of PVT. ConclusionA reduction in TG, an increase in D-dimer, prolonged PT, and a history of splenectomy are independent risk factors for PVT in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, and the nomogram developed based on these results can provide a quantitative and intuitive tool for clinicians to assess the risk of PVT.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the expression of leptin, p-mTOR protein and the pathogenesis, development and clinicopathological features in colon carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of leptin and p-mTOR protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical methods in 40 normal colon mucosas, 40 colon adenomatous polyps and 108 cases of colon carcinomas. The relationship between the staining pattern and clinicopathogical features was examined. RESULTS: The positive rates of detection of leptin in normal colon mucosa, adenomatous polyps and colon carcinomas were 10% (4/40), 27.5% (11/40), and 71.3% (77/108), respectively; with significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05). The positive rates of p-mTOR protein in the normal colon mucosa, the adenomatous polyps, and the colon carcinomas were 2.5% (1/40), 20% (8/40), and 61.1% (66/108), respectively; with significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05). The expression of leptin and p-mTOR proteins were related to invasive depth, TNM stages, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor differentiation (P<0.05), but not to age, sex, or site (P>0.05). In colon carcinoma tissues, leptin expression was positively correlated with p-mTOR expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Leptin and p-mTOR proteins may play important roles in the occurrence and development of colon carcinoma. The detection of leptin and p-mTOR may be helpful for evaluation of the prognosis of the patient with colon carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenomatous Polyps ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Colon ; metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Leptin ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phosphorylation ; Prognosis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism

Objective: To study the diagnostic accuracy and the distance between the root of maxillary posterior tooth and the maxillary sinus using panoramic radiography and cone beam computer tomography; to provide basic information for clinicians to treat diseases in the maxillary posterior region. Methods: Eighty patients were included in this study. A total of 671 specimens were measured for the distance between the root tip and the maxillary sinus floor in both imaging modalities. Results : The roots that did not contact the sinus floor or contacted but did not project into the sinus cavity showed an agreement of 82% and 70% when using panoramic radiography. Forty-eight percent of the roots that projected into the sinus cavity in panoramic radiography showed protrusion into the sinus with cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). For panoramic radiography and CBCT showing root projections into the sinus cavity, the average distances were 2.19 ± 1.82 mm and 1.47 ± 1.01 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two values (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Panoramic radiography is more accurate when roots of maxillary posterior teeth do not contact the sinus floor or contact it. However, it has a lower accuracy rate when the tooth roots protrude into the sinus.