Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in GK rats.Methods 16 GK rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:BPD surgery group included 10 rats undergoing BPD surgery,sham-BPD group included 6 rats undergoing a sham operation.Fasting plasma glucose,insulin,glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)were detected one week before BPD surgery and the 1st week,4th week,10th week,26th week after BPD surgery.Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and insulin tolerance test(ITT) were done in the 10th week after BPD surgery.Results There was no statistical difference in fasting plasma glucose,insulin,plasma GLP-1 or GIP between the 2 groups before surgery.Plasma glucose had significant reduction in BPD group compared to that in the sham group(P ＜0.05) and insulin level had no significant difference between the 2 groups.Rats in BPD group had significant improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to those in the sham group.Serum level of GLP-1 was significantly elevated in BPD group compared to that before surgery (P =0.0337 at the 1st week after surgery; P =0.0002 at the 4th week after surgery,P ＜ 0.0001 at the 10th week after surgery,P ＜0.0001 at the 26th week after surgery) and that in sham-BPD group(P =0.0354 at the 1st week after surgery,P =0.0032 at the 4th week after surgery,P =0.0001 at the 10th week after surgery,P ＜0.0001 at the 26th week).Serum level of GIP was significantly lowered in BPD group compared to that before surgery(P =0.0189 at the 1st week after surgery; P =0.0007 at the 4th week after surgery,P =0.0003 at the 10th week after surgery,P ＜0.0001 at the 26th week after surgery) and that in sham-BPD group(P =0.0089 at the 1st week after surgery,P =0.0002 at the 4th week after surgery,P =0.0006 at the 10th week after surgery,P ＜0.0001 at the 26th week after surgery).The difference had statistical significance (P ＜0.05).Conclusion BPD surgery can significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose,improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.The change of serum levels of GLP-1 and GIP may play the major role in BPD treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To detect the expression of BP1 gene in thyroid cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer.Methods BP1 gene expression in 60 cases of thyroid cancer tissues and 20 cases of normal thyroid tissues were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.Results The positive expression rate of BP1 mRNA was 78.3 ％ (47/60) in the 60 cases of thyroid cancer tissues while it was 20％ (4/20) in the 20 cases of normal thyroid tissues detected by in situ hybridization.The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Of the 3 pathological types of thyroid cancer,the positive expression rate of papillary carcinoma was 81.6％ (40/49),follicular carcinoma 85.7％ (6/7),and medullary carcinoma 25.0％ (1/4).The expression of BP1 mRNA had statistical difference between medullary carcinoma and other pathological types like papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of BP1 protein was 93.3％ (56/60)in the 60 cases of thyroid cancer tissues while it was 10.0％ (2/20) in the 20 cases of normal thyroid tissues detected by immunohistochemistry.The difference had statistical significance(P ＜0.05).Conclusion BP1 gene expression is up-regulated in human thyroid cancer and it is related to tumor stage and pathological type but not related to patients' age,sex or lymph node metastasis.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) plus acupuncture in treating insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony.
Methods: A hundred patients with insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony were randomized into an observation group and a control group. Fifty-three cases in the observation group were intervened by acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) plus acupuncture; while 54 cases in the control group were intervened by acupuncture alone. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was evaluated before and after intervention, and the therapeutic efficacies of the two groups were compared.
Results: Acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) plus acupuncture produced significantly higher efficacies in improving sleep quality, shortening sleep latency, and enhancing sleep efficiency than acupuncture alone (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The two groups both can improve the condition of insomnia; acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) has significant advantages, manifested by a higher therapeutic efficacy for insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony, higher safety evaluation, efficiency, and less adverse events, thus proper for clinical application.

Objective 　To investigate the factors associated with long-term efficacy of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Methods　253 cases of hemifacial spasm treated with microvascular decompression were followed 13 to 144 months (mean 73 months). Results　Hemifacial spasms were obliterated in 232 cases (91.7%) and were partially relieved in 10 cases (4%). However, hemifacial spasm recurred 11 cases (4.3%). We re-operated on those who had recurrent hemifacial spasm and found that the material used for previous decompression had moved. The movement of decompression material could be the cause of spasm recurrence. Conclusions　Upholding of depression material around the blood vessels against movement near the facial nerve plays an important role for improving the long-term efficacy of MVD for hemifacial spasm.

Objective To investigate the FH/Wjd rat model of alcoholic liver disease.Methods Thirty-six 16-18 week old SPF grade FH/Wjd rats (male:female=1:1) were used in this study.The rats were divided into two groups randomly by body weight:water intake group and alcohol intake group.The rats took water or alcohol freely.16 weeks lat-er, ALT, AST, TBIL, TG, CHO in the serum and TG, GSH in the liver homogenate were detected.The expression of PPARαprotein in the liver tissue was detected by Western blot.The apoptosis rate of liver cells was assessed by flow cy-tometry.The pathological changes of liver tissue were examined using HE staining.Results Compared with the water in-take group, the serum TBIL and TG were significantly increased in rats of both sexes of the alcohol intake group, moreover, ALT and CHO of the female rats in the alcohol intake group were significantly decreased.TG in the liver homogenate in-creased obviously, while GSH in the liver homogenate showed a decreasing tendency.Hepatocyte apoptosis in rats of both sexes in the alcohol intake group showed an increasing tendency.The PPARαprotein expression was up-regulated obvious-ly, and the main pathological change in the liver tissue was microvesicular fatty degeneration.Conclusion Spontaneous long-term alcohol intake can induce liver injuries in FH/Wjd rats.

Aim To investigate the effect of Jinlida on cholesterol-related genes in skeletal muscle in fat-in-duced insulin resistance ApoE-/ - mice. Methods Ten male C57 BL/6 J mice were selected as normal group ( NF );50 male ApoE-/ - mice with a high-fat feeding after 16 weeks ( HF) were divided into model group, rosiglitazone ( LGLT ) , Jinlida low dose group ( JLDL, 0. 95 g · kg-1 · d-1 ) , Jinlida medium dose group ( JLDM, 1. 9 g·kg-1 ·d-1 ) , Jinlida high dose group (JLDH, 3. 8 g·kg-1·d-1), which were per-formed intragastric administration for 8 weeks. Oil red O staining of mouse skeletal muscle was used for fat ac-cumulation. Insulin receptor ( INSR) , insulin receptor body substrate-1 ( IRS-1 ) , low-density lipoprotein re-ceptor ( LDLR ) , cholesterol sensor ( SCAP ) mRNA and protein expression in mouse skeletal muscle were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) and Western blot. Results Compared with NF group, fasting blood glucose ( FBG) , choles-terol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) and low density lipo-protein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) of HF mice were signifi-cantly elevated, while high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ) significantly decreased ( P < 0. 05 ) . Compared with HF group, Jinlida group could reduce to varying degrees FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C in mice, and in-crease HDL-C ( P <0. 05 ) . Jinlida could downgrade fasting serum insulin ( FINS ) level, and improve the insulin sensitive index ( ISI ) ( P < 0. 05 ) . Jinlida could obviously improve skeletal muscle fat accumula-tion of mice. Compared with NF group, skeletal mus-cle INSR, IRS-1, LDLR mRNA and protein levels of HF group were significantly decreased ( P <0. 05 ) , while SCAP mRNA and protein level increased signifi-cantly (P<0. 05). Compared with HF group, Jinlida could increase to varying degrees INSR, IRS-1, LDLR mRNA and protein levels ( P < 0. 05 ) , and lower SCAP mRNA and protein levels ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclu-sion Jinlida can alleviate fat-induced insulin resist-ance in ApoE-/ - mice through regulation of cholester-ol-related gene expression.

AIM: To investigate the effect of zacopride, an inward rectifier potassium channel agonist, on ouabain-induced arrhythmias in adult rats, and to explore the underlying electrophysiological mechanism.METHODS: Using ouabain to establish in vitro and in vivo arrhythmic rat models, the effects of zacopride on ouabain-induced arrhythmias were observed.The technique of whole-cell patch clamp was used to observe the effects of zacopride on inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), resting membrane potential (RMP) and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in single rat ventricular myocyte.RESULTS: Zacopride at 1 μmol/L significantly reduced total number of premature ventricular beats, and the duration and incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation induced by ouabain in rat hearts in vitro (P<0.05).In anesthetized rats, zacopride at 15 μg/kg significantly reduced total number of premature ventricular beats, and the duration and incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation induced by ouabain (P<0.05).IK1 was significantly inhibited by ouabain (P<0.05), which was partially and even completely reversed by zacopride at 0.1~10 μmol/L.RMP value was significantly reduced by ouabain (P<0.05), and then increased to different levels after treatment with zacopride (0.1~10 μmol/L).Zacopride at 1 μmol/L showed its maximal effect and RMP was restored to normal level.Moreover, zacopride at 1 μmol/L markedly suppressed ouabain-induced DADs in single rat ventricular myocyte.The incidence of DADs decreased from 91.67% to 12.50% after zacopride was applied (P<0.05), and this effect was abolished by 1 μmol/L BaCl2.CONCLUSION: Inward rectifier potassium channel agonist zacopride significantly inhibits ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias in adult rats.The mechanism is related to increased RMP level and inhibition of DADs by activation of IK1 channel.

Aim To observe the effect of antibody NCX-3F10 on the main ion current of rat ventricular myocytes and its effect on arrhythmias induced by ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).Methods ① The whole-cell patch clamp technique was employed to record the Na+/Ca2+ exchange current(INa/Ca) and other major ion currents in rat ventricular myocytes.② The rat models of arrhythmia induced by ischemia/reperfusion were established by ligating the left coronary artery to in vivo and in vitro.Then the effects of antibody on the arrhythmia were observed.③ The IonOptix ion imaging system was used to observe the effect of antibody on calcium transients in single ventricular myocytes.Results ① The antibody NCX-3F10 dose-dependently inhibited INa/Ca from 5 to 40 mg·L-1.The IC50 for outward and inward currents was 11.15 and 11.69 mg·L-1, and the maximum inhibitory rates were 61% and 62%, respectively.The antibody also had an inhibitory effect on calcium current(ICa-L), and had no significant effect on inward rectifier potassium current(IK1), transient outward potassium current(Ito) and sodium current(INa).② In the isolated rat heart group I/R, 100% rats showed ventricular tachycardia, and 88.89% rats had ventricular fibrillation.After administration of antibody NCX-3F10(10 mg·L-1) 5 min before reperfusion, the incidence of ventricular tachycardia decreased to 44.43%(P<0.05), and the duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation was also shortened remarkably(P<0.05).③ In the anesthetized rats after administration of antibody NCX-3F10(50 μg·kg-1) 5 min before reperfusion, the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia,the incidence and duration of ventricular fibrillation, and total number of ventricular premature beats were significantly decreased(P<0.05).④ From 5 to 40 mg·L-1, NCX-3F10 antibody decreased calcium transient amplitude in rat single ventricular myocytes dose-dependently(P<0.05).Conclusions The NCX-3F10 antibody shows significant arrhythmic effects on ischemia-reperfusion induced arrhythmia in rats both in vitro and in vivo, the underlying mechanism of which is related to NCX and L-type calcium current inhibition and calcium overload reduction by the NCX antibody.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Lianhuaqingwen capsules ( LHQW ) on junction protein expression in mouse lung tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury ( ALl). METHODS 120 male mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, model, model+dexa-methasone 5 mg.kg-1 , model +LHQW 2, 4 and 8 g.kg-1 groups. Dexamethasone and LHQW were administered orally, once daily, for 7 d. 24 h after the last administration, LPS solution was instilled into the tracheas of mice except the normal control group to prepare the mouse model of ALl. 24 h after the establishment of the ALl model, the mice were sacrificed and the pathological changes in the mouse lung tissue were observed by optical microscopy and ultrastructure of alveolar epithelium was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell percentage of positive expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the peripheral blood T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of con-nexin 43 ( Cx43), occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 ( ZO-1) in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Under the light microscope, the mouse lung of model group showed a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar wall thickening. Compared with model group, inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in model+dexamethasone, model+LHQW 2,4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups. Under the electron microscope, the mouse alveolar epithelial cells of model group showed injury. Compared with model group, the damage was reduced in model+dexamethasone, and model+LHQW 2, 4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups. The cell percentage of TNF-α positive expression in peripheral blood T lympho-cytes in normal control, model, model+dexamethasone, model+LHQW 2,4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups was (3.6±0.9)%, (6.4±0.8)%, (2.8±0.7)%, (4.7±1.6)%, (4.0±1.5)% and (3.6±1.2)%, respectively. The percentage in model group was obviously higher than that in normal control group( P<0.01), but was lower in the four drug treatment groups than in model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of Cx43, occludin and ZO-1 in lung tissue of model group was lower than that of normal control group(P<0.01), but higher in model+dexamethasone, model + LHQW 4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups than in model group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION LHQW may alleviate ALl induced by LPS and play a protective role by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and improving protein connection expression in alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To explore the effects of minimally invasive removal of intracranial hematoma on blood-brain barrier (BBB) index, serum myelin basic protein (MBP) and activity of daily living (ADL) in hypertensive patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Through observing 30cases operated within 3.0 hours, 32 case operated between 3. 1-8. 0 hours, 28 cases operated between 8. 1 to 24.0 hours and 22 cases operated over 24 hours, the changes of BBB index, serum MBP and ADL were analyzed. Results The BBB index and serum MBP were significantly lower in patients operated within 8. 0 hours than in patients operated over 8. 1 hours [≤3.0 hours group:(6.57±0.69)×10-3 and (3. 12±0.40)μg/L;3. 1-8.0 hours group: (7. 37±1.29)×10-3 and (3.25±0.60)μg/L;8. 1-2.0 hours group: ( 12. 02± 1.51 ) × 10 3 and (4. 60±0. 48)μg/L;over 24.0 hours group: ( 14. 68±2.07)×10-3 and (5.88±0.64)μg/L,Q＞13.8,P＜0. 05]. And the ADL was lower in patients operated within 8. 0 hours than in patients operated over 8. 1 hours [≤3.0 hours group: (2. 60± 1.07)scores; 3.1-8.0 hours group: (3. 06±0. 91 )scores;8. 1-24.0 hours group: (4.00±0.67) scores;over 24.0 hours group:(3.68±1.32)scores,Q＞3. 1,P＜0.05].Conclusions The minimally invasive surgery of intracranial hematoma within 8.0 hours can mitigate the cytotoxicity-damaged BBB so as to lighten brain edema and improve the patients quality of life.