Objective To obtain exosomes from the cell culture supernatants of 8910,TC-1,SKOV_(3),CAOV and 3AO ovarian cancer cell lines.Methods 8910,TC-1,SKOV_(3),CAOV and 3AO ovarian cancer cell lines were cultured separately and the cell culture supernatants were collected to seperate exosomes with multiple centrifugation and ultrafiltration.Morphology of exosomes were observed with electron microscopy.Results Exosomes were purified in 8910 and 3AO cell culture supernatants.Exosoems exhibited heterogenous round or elliptic microvesicles ranging from 30 to 90 nm in diameter with intact membrane.Exosomes were not purified in TC-1,SKOV_(3),and CAOV cell culture supernatants.Conclusion 8910 and 3AO cell lines may secrete exosomes,which are potential specific antigens for immunotherapy against ovarian cancer cells.

To determine whether TGF*"β1 has any possible correlation with occurrence and development of gestational trophoblastic disease. Methods　Immunohistologic staining for TGF*"β1 was performed on archival materials from 10 cases of first trimester villi, 40 hydatidiform mole, 10 invasive mole and 6 gestational choriocarcinoma. Results　It was shown that the positive rate of TGF*"β1 was 100% in the first trimester villi, 95% in hydatidiform mole, 80% in invasive mole and 66.7% in gestational choriocarcinoma. In hydatidiform mole group, the staining intensity on TGF*"β1 wasn't associated with histologic grade (P＞0.05). Conclusion　As a negative regulator of cell proliferation, TGF*"β1 may play an important role in the inhibition of proliferation and invasion of trophoblastic cells and of GTD malignant transformation process. TGF*"β1 isn't associated with prognostic of hydatidiform mole.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on systemic oxidative stress in rats with severe traumatic brain injury(STBI) .Methods Male Wistar rats(n=60) were divided into three groups randomly :sham group ,STBI+normal saline group ,STBI+ hydrogen-rich saline group .STBI model was induced by controlled cortical impact injury .Hydrogen-rich saline were intraperitoneally administered at 5 min after STBI operation .Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA ) ,Superoxide Dis-mutase(SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) activity were measured before TBI operation ,12 ,24 h and 48 h after TBI operation .Results The level of MDA in STBI group plasma was significantly elevated from 24 h to 48 h after STBI operation (P< 0 .05) .Hydrogen-rich saline treatment significantly attenuated the increase of MDA level in STBI operation animals (P<0 .05) .The activities of SOD and GSH-PX were slightly elevated at 6 h after TBI operation ,but decreased significantly from 24 h to 48 h after STBI operation(P<0 .05) .Hydrogen-rich saline treatment significantly increased the activities of SOD and GSH-PX after STBI operation(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Hydrogen-rich saline could exert a protective effect against STBI via reducing oxidative stress .Molecular hydrogen might be a more effective therapeutic strategy for TBI patients .

Objective: To improve clinical utility of the Nurses Observation Sca le for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE-30) in China. Methods: Based on the original scale, which only provides names and ranked scores for items, we developed clear definitions for each item and anchoring descriptions for score rating. 164 firs t-episode schizophrenic patients were evaluated with this scale every two weeks after admission. A total of 994 evaluations were completed. The collected data w ere randomly divided into two independent data sets. The number and content of t he subscales were revised based on principal component factor analysis and item analysis of the first data set. The revised scale was then evaluated and compare d with the original 7-subscale version of the instrument using the second data s et. Results: Factor analysis found that the factor structu re of the revised scal e was markedly different from that of the original instrument. Item analysis res ulted in elimination of 30 original items and redistribution of the remaining 26 items into 5 subscales. Comparison of the revised scale with the original instr ument revealed better psychometric properties for the former than the latter.Conclusion: The subscale scores of the original 7-subscale v ersion of NOSIE-30 did not reflect independent symptom clusters in Chinese schizophrenic inpatients. T o improve the usefulness of the scale in China, the present study recommended a better revised scale with re-definition of items into 5 subscales.

Objective To evaluate the multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) features of crush pulmonary parenchymal injuries in the massive Wenchuan earthquake. Methods One hundred and seventeen patients with crush pulmonary parenchymal injuries in the massive Wenchuan earthquake were reviewed, the location, extent and MSCT appearances of the injuries and associated thoracic injuries were evaluated. The MSCT appearances of the injuries on 1 d, 2--5 d and 6--14 d were compared using Chi-square test. Results One hundred and thirteen patients had pulmonary contusion and bilaterally in 70 cases, 7 had pulmonary laceration. A total of two hundreds and eighty-three lung lobes were involved and 3 or more lobes involved in 47 patients. Ill-defined patchy opacity was detected in 75 patients, associated ground-glass opacity (GGO) in 24 cases. Lung laceration presented as pneumatocele in 4 cases and demarcated hematoma in 3 cases. Coexisted rib fractures were detected in 98 patients and flail chests were in 29 patients. Forty-three patients had coexisted fractures of scapula, clavicle and (or) sternum. Ninety-nine patients had coexisted pleural injuries. Conclusions Crush pulmonary parenchymal injuries in the Wenchuan earthquake are severe. The bilateral, multifocal and multiple lobes involved injuries with a high incidence of coexisted other severe thoracic injuries are the noticeable features.

Objective To study the causes, emergency managements and preventative measures of intraoperative rupture during embolization of intracranial aneurysms. Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients with intracranial aneurysms and having performed embolization were enrolled. Intraoperative rupture occurred in 6 patients during embolization of intracranial aneurysms. The causes were analyzed and emergency managements were reviewed. Results The causes were as follows: intracranial aneurysms were punctured by microtubular in 2 patients, by spring coil in 1 patient and by guidewire in 1 patient, and intracranial aneurysms were attributed to stent break in 1 patient and blood pressure fluctuation in 1 patient. The rapid embolization were performed, 1 patient underwent craniotomy evacuation of hematoma, 1 patient underwent lateral ventricular drainage, 2 patients underwent lumbar cistern drainage, and 2 patients did not receive any processing. At the discharge from hospital, 2 patients recovered well, 1 patient showed mild paralysis, 1 patient had severe disability, and 2 patients died. Conclusions Intraoperative rupture during embolization of intracranial aneurysms is the life-threatening complication and mainly relates to operation, structure of aneurysm, blood pressure fluctuation during operation. The prognosis depends on the extent of bleeding and appropriate treatment without delay.

Purpose To observe the mutation of K-ras gene and expression of Fascin-1 protein in CRC tissues and their relationship with clinical pathological features, and then to analyze the correlation between mutation of K-ras and expression of Fascin-1. Methods In 86 cases of CRC tissues, K-ras mutation was detected by DNA sequencing analysis, and Fascin-1 expression was detected by im-munohistochemical method. Results In CRC tissues the mutation rate of K-ras was 34. 88%, the expression rate of Fascin-1 was 60. 47%. The mutation rate of K-ras in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that of without lymph node metastasis group, and that in distant metastasis group was higher than that of without distant metastasis group(P<0. 05). The expression rate of Fascin-1 in serosa invasion group was higher than that of without serosa invasion group, and that in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that of without lymph node metastasis group, and that in distant metastasis group was higher than that of without distant metastasis group (P<0. 01). There was a correlation between the mutation of K-ras gene and the expression of Fascin-1 in CRC tissues (rp =0. 236, P<0. 05). Conclusions The CRC tissues with mutation of K-ras are more likely to metastasize and the CRC tissues with expression of Fascin-1 are more likely to invade serosa and metastasize. The CRC tissues with mutation of K-ras are more likely to express Fascin-1.

Objective To analyse the significance of proto oncogene protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia.Methods 40 patients who were diagnosed with oral leukoplakia (OLK),40 patients who were diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),and at the same time, 40 healthy volunteers as control group were collected.the lesions and normal oral mucosa were taken as samples, left supernatant after grinding, MDM2 protein, p53 protein and Ki-67 protein were detected by ELISA in three groups,and analyse the correlation between three groups.Results Among three groups,MDM2, p53 expression:OSCC group>OLK group>control group (P<0.05).Ki-67 expression level among three groups, OSCC group>OLK group>control group (P<0.05).MDM2, p53, Ki-67 expression had a positive correlation in OSCC group and OLK group (P<0.05), but there was no obvious correlation in control group.Conclusion When oral leukoplakia developes into oral squamous cell carcinoma, MDM2, p53, Ki-67 shows high expression, and there is a positive correlation between MDM2, p53, Ki-67.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tanreqing injection to children bronchial pneumonia.Methods PubMed,Ovid,CNKI,and data retrieval system of all places were searched to identify relevant studies from 2003 to November of 2014.The final documents were examined with inclusive and exclusive criteria.Results were pooled with meta-analysis on RevMan software to assess the efficacy of tanreqing injection to children bronchial pneumonia.Results The database was derived from 13 qualified studies that included a total of 1479 patients.Meta analysis showed that,compared to the control group,tanreqing injection treatment group resulted in higher effective rate [OR =2.96,95％ CI (2.22,3.96),P ＜0.01],shorter time of recovering the normal temperature [MD----0.53,95％ CI (-0.77,-0.29),P ＜ 0.01],shorter time of disappearance of cough [MD =-1.25,95％ CI (-2.14,-0.37),P ＜0.01],shorter time of lungrale [MD=-1.00,95％ CI(-1.4,-0.6),P ＜0.01],and shorter time of hospitalization time [MD =-1.35,95％ CI (-1.83,-0.86),P ＜ 0.01].Significant difference was observed between control and treatment groups.Conclusions This study showed that tanreqing injection appeared to be more effective for children bronchial pneumonia.However,methodology showed low quality.The efficacy needs high-quality clinical trials to verify.

Objective To observe the effects of lα-hydroxyvitamin D3 on renal tubular function in the patients with IgA ne phropathy(IgAN) accompanied with proteinuria.Methods Forty-eight eligible patients with IgAN were selected as the IgAN group and divided into the treatment group and control group according to the random number table method,meanwhile 30 healthy adults undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the normal group.On the routine treatment such as maintaining the double dose of renin-angiotensin system(RAS) blocker,the treatment group took oral l α-hydroxyvitamin D3 capsule (0.5 μg,once a day);the control group continued to adopt the original treatment scheme.The treatment course lasted for 12 weeks.The changes of urinary cystatin C(Cys-C),α1-microglobulin(α1-MG),N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG),24 h urinary total protein (UTP),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),serum calcium (Ca),serum phosphorus (P) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in two groups were respectively compared between before and after treatment.Results Compared with the normal group,urinary Cys-C,αl-MG and NAG levels in the IgAN group were significantly increased (P＜ 0.01).After 12-week treatment,the levels of Cys-C,α1-MG and NAG were obviously declined compared with that before treatment and in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05),meanwhile the UTP level had statistical difference between the two groups after treatment and between before and after treatment in the same group (P＜0.05),but the decrease in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in BUN,Scr,Ca,P and iPTH between the two groups before and after treatment(P＞0.05).Conclusion There exists tubulointerstitial injury in IgAN with proteinuria.1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 can significantly decrease urine protein and improves the renal tubular function in the patients with IgAN.