Seen from the judicial fulfillment of the medical treatment indemnity,there exists a lot of dissatisfaction,which derives from the wrong application of law to a great degree.It is the reasonable and feasible choice to apply the law correctly and carry out the actual indemnification principle of the General Rule of the Civil Law in the medical treatment indemnity realm so as to promote the formation of the dispersion mechanism of the sounder medical treatment responsibility.

Traditionally the cultivation mechanisms of pathological postgraduates can not fully adapt to the demand of research and society in China,to some extent,which impedes the development of pathology.Combining our practical conditions with overseas experiences,we try to make the beneficial thinking and adjustment on the existing cultivation mechanisms.

The paper expounds the ethics problems caused by doctor's selling activities in consulting room,which means the conflicts between doctors and patients, purchase pressure implied in seeking medical ad vice, disgrace to the aim of medical service etc. Furthermore puts forward some suggestions about strengthening management, stopping doctors' selling activities:1. to curb doctors' selling activities in consulting room; 2. to formulate health law and regulations, standardize medical behavior; 3. to deepen health reformation, improve investment mechanism.

Objective To study the indications of endoscopic treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS).Methods From July 2004 to September 2007,21 patients(24 wrists) with CTS received endoscopic treatment in our hospital.Under local anesthesia,an 1-cm incision was made at the level of the proximal transverse wrist crease ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon.A special cannula was inserted into the carpal tunnel,and then the transverse carpal ligment was cut and the median nerve was decompressed.All the patients were re-examined in 1,2,3,and 5 months postoperation.Results According to the criteria of Kelly,11 cases achieved excellent outcomes in 5 months,meanwhile 6 were good,2(3 wrists) were fair,and 2 were poor.One of the 2 poor cases received a second operation by traditional procedures(nerve release) 7 months after the first surgery,another case were treated by conservative therapy because of sympathetic symptoms.Conclusions ① Endoscopy is the first choice for idiopathic cases,while open surgery should be performed on secondary cases(rheumatic synovitis,fracture deformity,tumar,inflammation,gout,neurodegenerative desease etc.).② The carpal tunnel release should be used for patients with abnormal opponens function of the thumb,as well as advanced cases.③ Routine operation are the first choice for eldly patients but not for the younger ones.

The hypercholesterolemia model was established by feeding mice on hypercholester-ol diet. FGS was administered to the hypercholesterolemia mice at the dose of 250,750 and 1500mg ? kg-1 ?d-1, respectively. On the 10,20,30 and 40th day, the serum cholesterol was determined. The results were as follows: 40th day the concentration of TC(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ) was 37. 6,54. 2 and 66. 2mg ?dL-1 lower than that of the control group; and the cocentration of LDL-C was 47. 6,86. 6 and 94. 4mg ?dL-1 lower than that of the control group; while the concentration of HDL-C was 16. 1,38. 2 and 36. 7mg?dL-1 higher than that of the control group. It was proved that FGS was an effective serum cholesterol regulator.

Objective To explore the effect of hypoxia on the in vitro invasion of lung carcinoma cells and its molecular basis. Methods Small cell lung carcinoma cells(H128) were exposed to hypoxia(5%O 2,5%CO 2,90%N 2) or anoxia(95%N 2,5%CO 2)condition for 48 hours. The invasive ability of the cancer cells was assayed with HABM-HEM model. The expression of E-cadherin and ? 1-integrin on the cells was also assayed by flow cytometry. Results Compared with normoxia group, the invasive ability of the cancer cells increased, the expression of E-cadherin decreased, and the expression of ? 1-integrin increased in hypoxia group. In anoxia group, the invasive ability and the expression of E-cadherin and ? 1-integrin all decreased compared with normoxia group. Conclusions Moderate hypoxia can down-regulate the expression of E-cadherin, up-regulate the expression of ? 1-integrin, and increase the invasion of carcinoma cells. But serious hypoxia can decrease the expression of adhesive molecules and the invasion of the cancer cells.

0.05). The production of TNF-? in LPS group was higher than that in control group (61 ng/L vs 156 ng/L, q=5.12, P

Objective To investigate the relationship of urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and occurrence and invasiveness of bladder cancer. Method The expression of urinary VEGF in 48 patients with bladder cancer (bladder cancer group) and 45 normal cases (control group) were examined by ELISA immunohistochemical staining. Results VEGF levels in urine in bladder cancer group [(174.77±83.41) μg/L] were higher statistically than those in control group [(63.53 ±22.62) μg/L] (P < 0.01), and related to the staging and grading of tumors. VEGF levels were significant higher in invasive lesions [(223.00 ± 83.13) μg/L] than those in superficial ones [(130.40 ± 54.86) μg/L] (P < 0.01). VEGF levels of G3 [(259.23 ± 75.82) μg/L] were significant higher compared with G1 [(138.00± 85.60) μ g/L] and G2 [(146.22 ±47.53) μ g/L] (P < 0.01). Conclusion The concentration of urinary VEGF relates to the clinical staging and pathological grading, and it is a labeling index of the biological behavior of bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the myelination of rat brain at different developmental stages.Methods Luxol fast blue staining,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to determine the distribution and alternation of myelin sheath in the brains of SD rats at different developmental stages.Results Negative LFB and MBP staining were shown at the stages of embryonicage 18 d(E18),postnatal age 0 d(P0) and P2.At P7,the corpus callosum was weakly stained by LFB.The positive stain of LFB and MBP occurred in P15 on the corpus callosum.With the development going on,the stain turned out stronger,especially in P30,which was similar with that in P90 and P720.The results of Western blot analysis showed the expression of MBP in rat brain was gradually increased with the development of rat brain.Conclusion The myelination starts before P15 in rat brain and becomes mature in P30.The optimal observation time of myelin is 30 d born after.

In order to study the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) mRNA in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normoxic control group, chronic hypoxic group and hypoxia plus L-arginine (L-Arg) group. The animal model of HPH was developed. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured by inserting a microcatheter into the pulmonary artery. The HIF-1alpha mRNA expression levels were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) and semiquantitative RT-PCR. It was found that after 14 days hypoxia, the mPAP in normoxic control group (17.6 +/- 2.7 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was significantly lower than that in chronic hypoxic group (35.8 +/- 6.1 mmHg, t=0.2918, P<0.05) and mPAP in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that in hypoxia plus L-arginine group (24.4 +/- 3.8 mmHg, t=0.2563, P<0.05). ISH showed that the expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA in the intraacinar pulmonary arteriolae (IAPA) in normoxic control group (0.1076 +/- 0.0205) was markedly weaker than that in chronic hypoxic group (0.3317 +/- 0.0683, t=3.125, P<0.05) and that in chronic hypoxic group was stronger than that in hypoxia plus L-arginine group (0.1928 +/- 0.0381, t=2.844, P<0.05). RT-PCR showed that the content of HIF-1alpha mRNA in chronic hypoxic group (2.5395 +/- 0.6449) was 2.16 times and 1.75 times higher than that in normoxic control group (1.1781 +/- 0.3628) and hypoxia plus L-arginine group (1.4511 +/- 0.3981), respectively. It is concluded that NO can reduce the mPAP by the inhibition of the expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA, which may be one of the mechanisms through which NO affects the pathogenesis of HPH.
Anoxia/metabolism ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/*metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Nitric Oxide/*pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis ; Transcription Factors/genetics