Objective To study the ulnar nerve and its adjacent structures in the forearm and understand the anatomic basis for endoscopic harvesting of the ulnar nerve for the treatment of brachial plexus avulsion injury. Methods Ulnar nerves and their adjacent structures in 6 formaldehyde solution fixed upper limb specimen and 26 fresh upper limb specimens were carefully dissected and observed and measured. The entry path and implementation were designed according to the observations. Simulated operation was performed in 6 fresh autopsy specimens Results In the forearm, ulnar nerve passes through the flexor carpi ulnaris under the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the dorsal branch of the hand passes between the ulnar bone and flexor carpi ulnaris. Also the ulnar nerve descends through intermuscular space, accompaning the ulnar artery in the distant part of the forearm and the artery lies laterally along the nerve. The simulated operations were successfully done in all the 6 specimens. Conclusions The anatomy of the ulnar nerve in the forearm is fairly fixed with no crossing with important structures in its path, incisions of 1～2cm are made above the pisiform bone and under the medial epicondyle of the humerus 3～5cm respecitvely, After isolation of the ulnar nerve's two crosses from the muscle, the remaining part of the ulnar nerve and its adjacent structures are easily dissected. It is concluded that it is safe and reliable to harvest the ulnar nerve in the forearm with endoscopy.

Objective To introduce a new technique--Carpal tunnel release by Okutsu's technique Methods A 1cm skin incision was made under local anaesthesia without tourniquet. The procedure was performed by system (Universal Subcutaneous Endoscope System). Postoperative functional assessment was done by Kelly's standards. Follow-up was conducted in the first, third and twelve month after the operation. Results One hundred and forty-nine sides of 126 cases of CTS were treated with this method. And seventy eight sides of 69 cases of CTS were followed up. 54 cases were excellent; 19 cases good; 3 cases fair; 2 cases poor. The average time of the operation was ten minutes. There was less blood lost in the procedure. Complication occurred in one case. Conclusions As compared with open procedure, the method has advantage of minimal incision,less tissue damage, shorter operation time, less skin scar and no postoperatioven plastic splint. The therapeutic results was as efficient as routine procedure.

Objective To evaluate the endoscopic tendon sheath release for stenosing tenovaginitis (trigger finger). Methods Five patients with stenosing tenovaginitis (2 in thumbs, 1 in middle finger, and 2 in ring fingers) underwent operations by Smith & Nephew Endoscopic Trigger Finger Release system. After two 3.0mm transverse incisions were made, the window cannula assembly was inserted subcutaneously along the sheath from the proximal portal and advanced until it passed through the distal portal. Then a 2.7 mm endoscope was passed into from the proximal portal and a retrograde knife was introduced into the operative site from the distal portal. Finally the entire length of sheath was sectioned under direct endoscopic vision. Results All operations were successfully completed. Finger's flexion and extension function recovered immediately after the operations. All the patients restarted their employment one week postoperatively. There were no complications such as distinct pain or delayed wound healing in these patients. Conclusions This method has the advantages of minimal invasion, safety, effectiveness and quick recovery, especially suited to diabetic patients or multiple trigger fingers.

Objective To introduce our surgical experience and techniques of endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) by Chow technique (two-portal technique). Methods A total of 30 endoscopic procedures in 25 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTR) were performed. Results Follow-up evaluations for 1～12 months were made in all the patients. The sensibility of radial 3 fingers and a half returned to normal at postoperative 4～6 weeks in 20 sides of 18 patients. The greater thenar atrophy and opposition dysfunction in 10 sides of 7 patients disappeared at 8～12 postoperative weeks. No serious complications occurred in this series. Conclusions ECTR by Chow method has advantages of short incision, minimal invasion and rapid recovery, being an easy, safe and reliable minimally invasive procedure.

Objective To investigate the necessity of releasing the distal holdfast fibers of the flexor retinaculum(DHFFR) during endoscopic carpal tunnel release(ECTR).Methods The Experiment Group included 16 cases.The operation was conducted under brachial plexus anesthesia without the use of tourniquet.A 1 cm skin incision was made.The USE system(Universal Subcutaneous Endoscope System) was employed.Both flexor retinaculum(FR) and distal holdfast fibers of the flexor retinaculum were cut off.Postoperative outcomes were compared with another 16 cases of flexor retinaculum release only(Control Group).Results Follow-up evaluation was carried out at 6 postoperative months.According to the Kelly's criteria,there were 13 cases of excellent results and 3 cases of good results in the Experiment Group,and 8 cases of excellent,5 cases of good,and 3 cases of fair results in the Control Group.Significant difference was obser red in flameda Ⅱ or Ⅲ grade patients between the two groups in carative effects(?~2=6.278,P=0.043).No serious complications or postoperative recurrence occurred.Conclusions Flexor retinaculum is not the only structure existing in the carpal canal to be released.More attention should be paid to complete decompression of both flexor retinaculum and distal holdfast fibers of the flexor retinaculum,especially in those who have serious symptoms.

AIM: To apply the natural fermentation technology to produce indigo. METHODS: Fresh leaves of conehead were put in water and let its ferment naturally, then add lime to fermentation liquor to naturalize,indigo content was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Fermentative temperature at 28 ℃ and oxygen supply were most important condition. CONCLUSION: Fungi can be successfully applied to indigo production.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the aminoglycoside modifying enzymes genes of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(MDR-ABA).METHODS The four kinds aminoglycoside modifying enzymes genes(aac(6′)-Ⅰad,aac(6′)-Ⅰb,aac(3)-Ⅰ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ) of 20 strains MDR-ABA were detected by PCR.RESULTS Among 20 MDR-ABA strains,12 strains of aac(3)-Ⅰ,15 strains of aac(6′)-Ⅰb,18 strains of ant(3″)-Ⅰwere positive,and aac(6′)-Ⅰad was negative.The new subtype aac(6′)-Ⅰad gene has not been found.CONCLUSIONS Twenty strains MDR-ABA aminoglycoside modifying enzymes genes are found in all the 20 MDR-ABA strains.The genotype is in accordance with antibiotics resistance.It can induce clone transmitting hospital infection.It is first time to study the aac(6′)-Ⅰad gene of A.baumannii in China.

Objective To investigate the effect of free toe transplantation in finger reconstruction.Methods Free toe transplantations were performed in 164 patients (185 fingers) suffering from finger defection.There were 134 males and 30 females,aged at 12-83 years [mean (44.8 ± 11.2)years].Finger deletion severity was classified as grade Ⅰ in one case,grade Ⅱ in 18,grade Ⅲ in 23,grade Ⅳ in 49,grade Ⅴ in 54,and grade Ⅵ in 19.According to Gilbert standards,dorsal metatarsal arteries were classified as type Ⅰ in 68 cases,type Ⅱ in 84,and type Ⅲ in 12.Survival ratio of the transplanted fingers and hand function rehabilitation were observed.Results The transplanted toe survived in 160 cases (173 fingers).They composed of all the cases of grade Ⅰ-Ⅴ finger deletion and 15 cases of grade Ⅵ finger deletion; all the cases of type Ⅰ dorsal metatarsal arteries,83 cases of type Ⅱ dorsal metatarsal arteries and nine case of type Ⅲ dorsal metatarsal arteries.Transplantation failed in four cases (12 fingers) of grade Ⅵ finger defection including one case of Gilbert Ⅱ dorsal metatarsal arteries and three cases of Gilbert Ⅱ dorsal metatarsal arteries.Postoperative results were excellent in 110 cases and good in 50.Conclusions Toe transplantation is helpful to restore the finger shape and function and the outcome is satisfactory.Anatomic deformation of dorsal metatarsal arteries is the main cause for the failure of finger reconstruction.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 1 (PI-RADS V1) and version 2 (PI-RADS V2) for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in the transition zone (TZ).Methods Seventy-seven patients with suspicious lesions in TZ on mpMRI were scored according to the PI-RADS system (V1 and V2) before MR-TRUS fusion guided biopsy prospectively.In all of the patients with suspicious tumors,respectively at least one lesion with a PI-RADS V1 assessment category of ≥3,was selected for biopsy.Independent sample t test was used to compare scores of PI-RADS V1 and V2 between PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).The diagnostic performance of PI-RADS V 1 and V2 for detection of PCa in the transition zone was compared by analyzing ROC basing on the results of MR-TRUS fusion guided biopsy.Results A cohort of 77 patients was performed including 31 cases of PCa (32 cores) and 46 cases of BPH (51 cores).PCa (V1:1 1.50±2.79;V2:4.28±0.99) had significantly higher scores of both PI-RADS V1 and PI-RADS V2 than BPH(V1:7.51± 1.63;V2∶2.61 ±0.67) (P＜0.05).Using a PI-RADS V1 score cut-off ≥ 11,sensitivity and specificity in group PCa and BPH were calculated,which were 68.8％(22/32) and 96.1％(49/51) with a area under curve of 0.869;using a PI-RADS V2 score cut-off ≥4,which were 75.0％ (24/32) and 90.2％ (46/51) with a area under curve of 0.888,respectively.Conclusions PI-RADS system can indicate the likelihood of PCa of suspicious lesions in TZ on Mp-MRI.PI-RADS V2 perform better than V 1 for the assessment of prostate cancer in TZ.

This paper aimed at investigating the effects of Xinfukang Oral Liquid on mitochondrial proteomic alterations in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction and exploring its possible mechanisms. Heart failure models were established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, Xinfukang group. 8 weeks after drug intervention, the mitochondrial proteomic alterations of myocardial tissue were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) . Furthermore, expression levels of part of the differently expressed proteins were verified by western blot. Compared with model group, 20 differentially expressed protein spots were detected in Xinfukang group, 13 of which showed increased protein expression and 7 decreased; 13 differentially expressed protein spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differential proteins were mainly associated with energy metabolism, stress reaction, oxidative damage, cyto-skeleton, cell differentiation and proliferation. Western blot results showed that the expression of Stress-70 protein and Nucleophosmin increased and the expression of ATP-αdecreased in model group. The expression of Stress-70 protein and Nucleophosmin decreased and the expression of ATP-αincreased in Xinfukang group, which shows the same results in proteomics. Xinfukang Oral Liquid can partly adjust proteomic alterations of myocardial mitochondrial in HF rats, and its intervention mechanism may involve improving energy metabolism, reliving stress reaction and oxidative damage, as well as regulating cell differentiation and proliferation. The results of comparative proteomic analysis performed by using2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS are acurate, stable and reliable.