This article reviews the recent achievements in parasitology including new diagnostic techniques,molecular mechanism of parasitic pathogenesis,drug resistance,antigenic variation,parasite genomics and proteomics. The perspective development in the area is also discussed.

The features of the symptoms, laboratory tests and pathological characteristics of adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia were studied. In 6 cases of hypercatecholaminenia, plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), catecholamine (CA) and 24-h urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (OHCS) and 17-ketosteroid (KS) were determined. Adrenal glands were examined by CT scan and 131I-MIBG imaging. Pathological examination was performed after operation. The results showed that in 6 cases of hypercatecholaminenia (3 men and 3 women) aged from 34-50 years, the clinical features were just like "pheochromocytoma", for example, episodic headache, perspiration, palpitation, pallor, apprehension, nausea, tremor, anxiety and so on. Plasma levels of CA, NE and E were elevated in all 6 cases. 24-h urinary samples obtained at the onset revealed elevated VMA in 1 case. 24-h urinary cortisol was obviously elevated in all 6 cases. 24-h urinary 17-OHCS, 17-KS was normal. B-type ultrasound, CT, MRI and 131I-MIBG revealed 9 lateral adrenal gland diffuse or nodular enlargement in 6 cases. Pathologic examination showed adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia. Clinically, adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia resembled "pheochromocytoma". The most significant feature of this disease was both elevated plasma CA and 24-h urinary cortisol obviously. Pathologic examination showed adrenal cortex nodular hyperplasia and medullar diffuse or limit hyperplasia. Whether it is an independent disease or symptoms of the other disease has not final conclusion up till now.
Adrenal Cortex/*pathology ; Adrenal Gland Diseases/*pathology ; Adrenal Medulla/*pathology ; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/*pathology ; Catecholamines/blood ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension/etiology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate the effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation treament of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias on spontaneous attack of atrial fibrillation (AF) and to further discuss the electrophysiological mechanisms of AF. Methods Thirty-one patients (20 men, 11 women; mean age 54?12 years, age range 24-69 years) with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias coexisting with AF were included in the study. The mean history of the study group was 9?5 (range 1-19) years and the mean number of AF attack was 6?5 times (range 2-18). Of the 31 cases, 5 supraventricular tachyarrhythmias were electrophysiologically proven to be typical atrial flutter (AFL), 17 atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), 9 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Linear lesions to make bi-directional block were done in cavo-tricuspid isthmus in AFL patients, slow pathway modification in AVNRT and accessory pathway ablation in AVRT. Results After mean follow-up of 39?19 months (range 12-72), of the 31 patients, 23 had no occurrence of AF. In 3 of the 5 AFL patients, no AF occurred after ablation, but 2 still had AF occurrence, of whom one had frequent atrial premature contractions (APCs) and short runs of AF. In 26 patients with supraventricular tachycardia, 20 had no occurrence of AF after ablation. In the remaining 6, 2 had less frequent occurrence, and 4 remained the same, of whom one had hypertention with enlarged left atrium, and another had frequent APCs and short runs of atrial tachycardia. Conclusion AFL may share the same substrate with AF or may be the trigger factor of AF, and AVNRT and AVRT are only trigger factors of AF. So after successful ablation treatment of these tachycardias, no AF occurs. But in some cases, AF substrate still exists, and AF can be triggered by other trigger factors besides tachycardias mentioned above.

Objective To study the role of clinical nursing pathway (CNP)in health education for patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods Ninety patients with PCNL were randomized into the observation group and the control group in equal number: the former received CNP health education and the latter routine health education while hospitalization. The two groups were compared in terms of scores on health education,satisfaction with nursing,incidence of postoperative extubation and hospital stay.Result The scores on health education,satisfaction with nursing and incidence of postoperative extubation in the observation group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (allP<0.05) and the hospital stay in the former was significantly shorter than that of the latter (P<0.05).Conclusions PCNL in use of CNP health education can promote patients’ health education quality,reduce their incidence of extubation,shorten their hospital stays and improve their satisfaction of nursing. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the establishment of performance indicator system for evaluating national essential drug system in China.METHODS:Reference to the field of health policy performance evaluation research and practice at home and abroad.WHO indicators for evaluating national drug policies,and a qualitative study on the theory and approach of policy evaluation was conducted.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:To establish a China-specific performance evaluation indicator system,policy goals should be specified,and evaluation criterions and policy components should be also defined firstly.An indicator system framework of national essential drug system which based on WHO recommendatory indicators should be proposed accordingly.But detailed indicators should be established based on field research and experts counseling.

Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular hypertrophy and peritoneal transport properties in Peritoneal Dialysis patients.Methods Sixty-nine Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)patients were enrolled in current study.All patients underwent echocardiography for left ventricular mass index (LVMI).Transport status was categorized as high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport based on modified peritoneal equilibration test (PET).The data collected included hemoglobin,albumin,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,urea clearance (Kt/V) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr),dialysis vintage,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure.Results Patients with high transport status were 41 cases,more than those with low transport status(28 cases).The dialysis age of high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport vintage were (39.2 ± 21.8),(26.6 ±15.6),(28.6 ± 14.4),(45.7 ± 35.0) years old respectively,and the difference was significant (F =4.128,P ＜ 0.05).The dialysis age in the higher transport group was longer than that in high average transport group and low average transport group (P ＜ 0.05).LVMI has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr at 4th hour,SBP and DBP (r =0.339,0.351,0.316,P ＜ 0.01) and the negative correlation with albmin (r =-0.292,P ＜0.05).Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) in all patients was 63.8％,ant it was higher in high transport group than that low average transport and low transport group (x2 =5.455,5.091,P ＜ 0.05) Conclusion High transport status is the most common in CAPD patients.There is high incident rate of LVH in this population.LVH has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr,higher SBP,DBP,and lower albumin.

ObjectiveTo check the isolated heart by coronary angiography to discover the location, na-ture and degree of the coronary artery lesions more accurately and increase the comprehensive evaluation ability of cardiovascular disease.MethodsTen fresh isolated hearts with different causes of death were extracted and injected with barium sulphate as contrast substance by ring injector, then developed under Xper FD20 angiography equipment. The obtained pictures and image data were handled by three-dimen-sional angiography images with the software attached to the angiography equipment. The coronary artery tissues were HE stained and observed by microscope. The HE staining results were compared with the angiographic results.ResultsThe imaging data obtained from the 10 cases for examination showed 8 cases without coronary artery stenosis and 2 cases with Ⅲ, Ⅳcoronary artery stenosis, which were consistent with HE staining results of coronary artery organization and the both results were confirmed. ConclusionIsolated coronary angiography has an unique advantage for accurate grading of classification of coronary artery stenosis, examination of vascular malformation and tiny lesions, which can provide reference for the localization of small lesions and basis during the autopsy for identification conclusion.

Objective:To investigate the new method of nasal septal perforation repair.Methods:Through labiogingival groove,6 patient's nasal septal perforations were repaired with mucoperichondrial flap or mucoperiosteal flap rotated from the septum nasia and basis cavum nasi under nasal endoscopy.Results:Five patients had completed clusure,Another reduced in size to pinpoint hole.Conclusions:The method is a simple and effective technique for treatment of nasal septal perforation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the establishment of performance indicator system for evaluating National essential medicines system in China. METHODS:To analyze the theory and approach of policy evaluation and WHO indicators for evaluating national drug policies. A literature study on relevant information was conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:China may refer to WHO framework for the evaluation index system,according to the target of various stages of essential drugs system,in the implementation of our system of essential medicines on the basis of a full investigation,combined with our medical and health background and status,build essential drugs system of performance appraisal system and performance indicators.

Objective To study the mode and clinical implications of onset of spontaneous tosade de pointes in the congenital long QT syndrome. Methods We reviewed electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 55 patients with congenital QT syndrome for syncope. Documentation of the onset of tosade de pointes was available for 16 patients. All these patients had "definitive long QT syndrome" by accepted clinical and ECG criteria. Results One hundren and forty-nine runs of tosade de pointes were documented in 16 patients,of whom,there were 130 runs of pause-dependent tosade de pointes. Conclusion Our results show that the pause-dependent tosade de pointes,which has been recognized as a hallmark of tosade de pointes in the acquired long QT syndrome,plays a major role in the genesis of tosade de pointes in the congenital long QT syndrome.