OBJECTIVE To explore the status of nosocomial infection,infection sites of patients and susceptible factors of infection in neuro-intensive care unit(NICU) in order to correspondently prevent and control the occurrence of nosocomial infection.METHODS The clinical data of 471 patients admitted to NICU from Mar 2005 to Feb 2006 were investigated retrospectively.RESULTS Out of 471 cases in one year,a total of 90 cases of nosocomial infection were found.The rate of nosocomial infection was 19.11%.Among the nosocomial infection sites,the respiratory tract was the most frequent one(46.67%).The second was urinary tract(44.17%).The patients aged of more than 60 years,or with urethral catheter,mechanical ventilation,vein intubations,or with long medical intubation suffered infection more susceptibly than other patients.The infection rate of nosocomial infection was significantly different from hospitalization group.Sex was not evidently related to nosocomial infection.CONCLUSIONS The rate of nosocomial infection in NICU is largely higher than the total rate of infection.The susceptible factors are age,long-term hospitalization,invasive operations and long medical intubation.

Objective To study the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder celt lines, carcinoma tissues and normal bladder tis-sues and to evaluate the roles of EZH2 in the development and progression of bladder carcinoma. Methods RT-PCR, Western-blot and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze the expression of EZH2 of the bladder cell lines (T24, EJ, MGH-U1, BIU-87). The prostate cancer cell line PC-3M was used as an EZH2-positive cell line. EZH2 gene expressions in 45 cases of bladder carcinoma and 12 cases of normal bladder mueosa were detected by RT-PCR. Of cancer cases, 31 were superficial tumors and 14 were invasive tumors; 13 were G1, 21 were G2 and 11 were G3. Results EZH2 was detected in the 4 TCC cell lines. The EZH2 expression rate of TCC (82.2%) was significantly higher than that of normal bladder tissues (8.3%, P<0.05). The expression rate in superficial tumors was 74.2% and in invasive tumors was 100.0%, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The expression rates increased with tumor cell grade increase, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusions EZH2 could play an important role in the development and progression of blad-der carcinoma. It could be used as a potential gene therapy target of bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the preparation of a polycaprolactone (PCL)/poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA) degradable ureteral stent and its degradation ability in vitro.Methods From December 2010 to September 2012,degradable ureteral stent was fabricated by electrospinning,using different concentration of PCL/PLGA (5％,10％,15％,20％,25％,30％).The structure of stent was scanned by electron microscopy (SEM).The Instron system was used to test the mechanical property of those stents.The PCL/PLGA stents of different concentration (5％,15％,25％) were immerged into the urine to assess their degradable ability 7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56 days later.Results The inner diameter of the white tubular scaffold was 1.5 mm and the outer diameter was 2.0 mm.The SEM results showed that the scaffold had been made by nanofiber with the structure of multi-porous.The tension test showed that the mechanical property was enhanced with the increasing in the proportion of the PCL.The lowest stress at break was found in 5％ PCL/PLGA stent,while it was still sufficient for the mechanical criteria of degradable biomaterial.The degradation curves of different ratio of PCL/PLGA stent were close to a straight line.The 5％ PCL/PLGA stent collapsed into pieces within 28 d.The 15％ and 25％ PCL/PLGA collapsed within 42 d and 56 d,respectively.Conclusion The PCL/PLGA biodegradable ureteral stent has a good mechanical property and the degradation time can fully meet the demand of a ureteral stent.

AIM: To observe the dynamic alteration of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate(MARCKS) mRNA expression in rat hippocampus with acute multi-cerebral infarction,and discuss the relationship between the alteration of hippocampus MARCKS gene and ischemia damage.METHODS: The acute multi-cerebral infarction model was established by method of Kaneko.Neurological function deficits were evaluated in the behavior test.The consequences of cerebral ischemic damage were examined by histopathological analyses.The MARCKS mRNA expression was measured by semi-quantitative PCR.RESULTS: The rats in acute multi-cerebral infarction group showed different level changes of neurological function deficits.The hippocampus damage of histopathology became significant 24h after ischemia.At the same time,the MARCKS mRNA expression was upregulated at the area of rats hippocampus during ischemia,and its overexpression started 1h after ischemia,and reached maximum7d after ischemia.CONCLUSION: MARCKS mRNA of rat hippocampus overexpresses during acute cerebral ischemia.This MARCKS mRNA overexpression is related with hippocampus ischemia damage.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Kouyanqing granules on prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy.METHODS:A total of 122 head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy were randomly divided into kouyanqing group (61 cases) and chlorhexidine group (61 cases).Based on radiotherapy,kouyanqing group was given Kouyanqing granules 20 g dissolved in 50 mL lukewarm boiled water,twice a day,2-3 d before radiotherapy.Chlorhexidine group was given Compound chlorhexidine gargle 10-20 mL,twice a day,2-3 d before radiotherapy.Treatment courses of 2 groups lasted for 7 weeks.The occurrence of oral mucositis,VAS scores and ADR were observed in 2 groups.RESULTS:3rd week radiotherapy later,the incidence of oral mucositis at level 2-3 and 4th-7th week radiotherapy later,the incidence of oral mucositis at level 2-4 in kouyanqing group was significantly lower than chlorhexidine group,with statistical significance (P＜0.01).2nd-7th week radiotherapy later,VAS score of kouyanqing group was significantly lower than that of chlorhexidine group,with statistical significance (P＜0.01).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Kouyanqing granules can relieve radiation-induced oral mucositis of head and neck cancer and the degree of pain,and improve the quality of life.Its safety is similar to that of chlorhexidine.

Objective To investigate the value of flexi-rigid thoracoscopy in pleural effusion of unknown causes and the correlation with CEA, TK1 and ADA. Methods The clinical data and results of CEA, TK1 and ADA of 25 patients were retrospective analyzed in our department from 2015 January to November 2015. These patients accepted the examination of flexi-rigid thoracoscopy with pleural effusion of unknown causes. Results In the 25 patients with pleural effusion of unknown causes, definite diagnosis was made in 22 cases (88.00 %), of which 9 cases were malignant pleural effusion (36.00 %), 11 cases were tuberculous pleural effusion (44.00 %), 2 cases were inflammatory pleural effusion (8.00 %), 3 cases were undetermined (12.00 %). The positive rate of TK1 and CEA in malignant group was significantly higher than that in the tuberculosis group and inflammatory group, the positive rate of ADA in the tuberculosis group was significantly higher than that in the malignant group and inflammatory group. Conclusion Flexi-rigid medical thoracoscopy examination is an effective and safe method for diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion with high exact diagnosis rate, less trauma and less complication. Combination with CEA, TK1 and ADA are helpful to improve diagnostic rate of pleural effusion of unknown causes.

Objectives In order to provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases,the prevalence and trend changes of common allergens in Beijing were investigated and analyzed.Methods This study was a retrospective data collection study.A total of 11 641 patients with allergen examinations were collected from Peking University First Hospital from 2013 to 2017.The positive rate of each allergen was counted according to age,season and year.The epidemiological characteristics and trends were analyzed.Results In the past five years,20 636 total IgE and 45 620 allergen-specific IgE were collected,and the total positive rate of total IgE was 47.8％ (9 874/20 636).The top three positive rates of inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farina (28.1％,509/1 812),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (26.8％,503/1 876) and Mugwort (24.7％,240/971).The top three positive rates of food allergen were egg (17.3％,188/10 88),milk (16.7％,186/1 114) and wheat (15.3％,127/829).The positive rate of inhaled allergens (phad as an example) increased year by year.The positive rate of food allergens (fx5 as an example) reached its peak in 2015 (16.3％,511/3 139) and decreased slightly in the last two years (2016:13.0％,571/ 4 396;2017:7.4％,330/4 461).In inhaled allergens,the positive rate of weed pollen increased significantly in autumn.The positive rates of mx2 and dust mites were higher in summer.Food allergen did not change significantly with the seasons.Conclusions This study shown the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic diseases to a certain extent.It provided epidemiological data and clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ephedrine hydrochloride in rats after intragastric administration of Shegan mixtures. Methods:Shegan mixtures (1. 0 ml/100 g) were administered to each rat by gavage. Blood samples were collected after the administration. Plasma concentration of ephedrine hydrochloride was determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parame-ters of ephedrine hydrochloride were obtained using the pharmacokinetic software. Urine and fecal samples were collected in 24 hours after the administration using metabolic cage to determine the recovery of ephedrine hydrochloride. Results: The pharmacokinetic pa-rameters of ephedrine hydrochloride were as follows:Tmax of (1. 30 ± 0. 23)h,T1/2 of (21. 17 ± 1. 35)h, Cmax of (278. 86 ± 46. 41)ng ·ml-1,AUC0~∞ of (1221.98 ±412.64)ng·ml-1 and Vc/F of (1.70 ±0.15)L. Totally 85.66% ephedrine hydrochloride could be recovered from urine in 24 hours after the administration;however, it was not detected in the fecal samples. Conclusion: Most of e-phedrine hydrochloride is excreted through kidney in 24h,therefore, Shegan mixtures can't cause the accumulation of ephedrine hydro-chloride in rats.

Insomnia is the most common type of sleep disorder in the clinic. Long-term insomnia seriously affects people's work and life, and the incidence of insomnia is increasing year by year.In order to provide reference for the clinic, this paper summarizes the current advances in the treatment of insomnia, including pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy. Non-pharmacotherapy includes cognitive behavioral therapy and physical therapy. Pharmacotherapy includes benzodiazepine receptor agonists, including benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists, antidepressant drugs with sedative effects, antipsychotic drugs, antihistamines that have central inhibitory effects, Chinese medicine.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of interleukin (IL)-17A in risk stratification and prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SAKI). Methods: We enrolled 146 sepsis patients (84 non-SAKI and 62 SAKI patients) admitted to the emergency department from November 2020 to November 2021. Patients with SAKI were differentiated based on the severity of acute kidney injury. All clinical parameters were evaluated upon admission before administering antibiotic treatment. Inflammatory cytokines were assessed using flow cytometry and the Pylon 3D automated immunoassay system (ET Healthcare). In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to determine the prognostic values of IL-17A in SAKI. Results: The levels of creatinine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in the SAKI group than in the non-SAKI group (p < 0.05). The level of IL-17A revealed significant differences among stages 1, 2, and 3 in SAKI patients (p < 0.05). The mean levels of PCT, IL-4, and IL-17A were significantly higher in the non-survival group than in the survival group in SAKI patients (p < 0.05). In addition, the area under the ROC curve of IL-17A was 0.811. Moreover, the IL-17A cutoff for differentiating survivors from non-survivors was 4.7 pg/mL, of which the sensitivity and specificity were 77.4% and 71.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Elevated levels of IL-17A could predict that SAKI patients are significantly prone to worsening kidney injury with higher mortality. The usefulness of IL-17A in treating SAKI requires further research.