Objective To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) on apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell. Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 orthotopic implantation tumor model was established in nude mice. Primary pancreatic cancer cells and that derived from lymphatic metastasis were primarily cultured. Expression of VEGF-C was inhibited through antisense oligodeoxynucleotide in vitro transfection. Reverse transcription polynlerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometer were used to detect the effect of VEGF-C on apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells and bcl-2. Results After in vitro transfection, mRNA expression level of VEGF-C in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells significantly decreased (P ＜0. 01 ). Apoptosis rate of pancreatic cancer cells derived from spontaneous lymphatic metastasis was (2. 83 ± 1.01 ) %, ( 4. 98 ± 2. 05 ) %,and ( 13.22 ±2. 17) % respectively for control group, SODN group and ASODN group after in vitro transfection among which apoptosis rate in ASODN group increased significantly (P ＜0. 01 ). However, apoptosis rate for pancreatic cancer cells derived from primary tumor had no obvious change (P ＞0.05), with (3.51 ±1.38)%, (4.76 ±2. 16 ) %, and (5. 33 ± 2. 18 ) % respectively in control group, SODN group and ASODN group. The expression level of bcl-2 in pancreatic cancer cells derived from spontaneous lymphatic metastasis decreased significantly (P ＜0. 05) while it had no obvious change in primary pancreatic cancer cells (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion To inhibit expression of VEGF-C in pancreatic cancer cell can promote apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell, which is relevant to downregulation of bcl-2;however, it has no obvious effect on primary pancreatic cancer.

Objectives In order to provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases,the prevalence and trend changes of common allergens in Beijing were investigated and analyzed.Methods This study was a retrospective data collection study.A total of 11 641 patients with allergen examinations were collected from Peking University First Hospital from 2013 to 2017.The positive rate of each allergen was counted according to age,season and year.The epidemiological characteristics and trends were analyzed.Results In the past five years,20 636 total IgE and 45 620 allergen-specific IgE were collected,and the total positive rate of total IgE was 47.8％ (9 874/20 636).The top three positive rates of inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farina (28.1％,509/1 812),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (26.8％,503/1 876) and Mugwort (24.7％,240/971).The top three positive rates of food allergen were egg (17.3％,188/10 88),milk (16.7％,186/1 114) and wheat (15.3％,127/829).The positive rate of inhaled allergens (phad as an example) increased year by year.The positive rate of food allergens (fx5 as an example) reached its peak in 2015 (16.3％,511/3 139) and decreased slightly in the last two years (2016:13.0％,571/ 4 396;2017:7.4％,330/4 461).In inhaled allergens,the positive rate of weed pollen increased significantly in autumn.The positive rates of mx2 and dust mites were higher in summer.Food allergen did not change significantly with the seasons.Conclusions This study shown the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic diseases to a certain extent.It provided epidemiological data and clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Objective:To explore the effect of traditional teaching and standardized patient (SP) teaching in medical students' inquiry teaching through the phased examination results of practicing physicians.Methods:A total of 107 students from Class 1 and Class 2 of Batch 2013 majoring in clinical medicine of Qinghai University were selected as the control group, and 100 students from Class 1 and Class 2 of Batch 2014 were selected as the experimental group. In the inquiry teaching, the control group adopted the traditional teaching method, and the experimental group adopted the SP teaching method. The effect of the two groups of teaching methods was compared by collecting the scores of the medical history of the medical practitioners in the phased examination. SPSS 18.0 was used for t-test. Results:The scores of current medical history (81.43±8.19), case collection (8.19±0.70), inquiry content (47.63±4.55), examiner's total score (73.75±5.21), and total score (91.93±5.67) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(71.65±8.29) (7.85±0.68) (43.68±4.76) (69.68±5.40) and (88.03±6.01)] and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The scores of communication ability (8.94±0.62) question expression (4.54±0.44) and communication skills (4.52±0.47) in the comprehensive performance of the control group were higher than those in the experimental group [(8.77±0.60) (4.33±0.54) and (4.38±0.46), respectively], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The overall teaching effect of the SP teaching is better than that of the traditional teaching, but it has its own advantages and disadvantages in specific knowledge points. It is worth further discussion to combine the two to complement the advantages and complement each other to assist medical education.

The Choledochal cyst is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the bile duct. Early cyst resection and Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy are the primary surgical methods for treating choledochal cyst. With the emergence of enhanced recovery after surgery, laparoscopic surgery has effectively reduced the incidence of biliary complications and wound infections, but it still does not meet people's requirements for minimally invasive surgery. Robotic surgery system has the potential to enhance surgical precision and the maneuverability of surgeons due to clear surgical visualization and flexible mechanical arms. The authors review the relevant literatures and conduct a Meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of robot-assisted surgery and laparoscopic surgery for choledochal cyst.