Objective To investigate the possible existence of HBoV in children with acute respiratory infections in Nanjing area and explore its relationship with clinical characteristics.Methods A total of 397 nasopharyngeal secretion samples were collected from children with acute respiratory infection,admitted from July 2009 to June 2010 in Nanjing Children'S Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,and 50 cases of children without symptoms of respiratory infection were recruited as control group,whose nasopharyngeal secretion samples were also collected.HBoV was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.MP and CT were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in those HBoV-positive samples.RSV,ADV,IVA,IVB,PIV-1,PIV-2,PIV-3 and hMPV were detected by direct antigen-specific immunofluorescence assays.HBoV NP-1 fragments were amplified and sequenced in 5 HBoV positive samples randomly selected.The results were compared with the known GenBank sequence,and thereby the phylogenetic tree was established.The epidemiological characteristics,clinical presentation and the final clinical diagnosis of HBoV were analyzed according to the clinical data of the HBoV-positive patients.Results Thirty-three HBoV-positive cases were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method with a positivity rate of 8. 3% ( 33/397 ). Among the 33 HBoV-positive cases, 19 cases (57.6%) were multiple infections with HBoV and other pathogens, the top three of which were MP (27.3% ,9/33 ),RSV (24.2% , 8/33 ) and PIV-3 ( 12. 1% ,4/33 ). Affected children aged from 7 to 36 months old accounted for 75.8% of the total ( 25/33 ). The measured HBoV NP-1 gene sequences of 5 specimens were consistent,indicating a high homology (99% to 100% ) with the stl, st2 and WHL-1. Conclusions HBoV is one of the pathogens of children's acute respiratory infections in Nanjing. HBoV NP-1 gene is highly conserved,with little variation in different seasons and in different regions and therefore can be used as a marker for real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and other methods.

Objective To establish the triplex Taqman probes real-time RT-PCR method for simultaneously detecting of EV71,CA16 and EV.Methods Retrospective study.Specific primers and probes were designed based on conserved regions of EV71,CA16 and EV.The sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility were assessed by the optimized reaction system.A total of 176 throat swabs as the experimental group were collected from children with suspected hand foot mouth disease (HFMD),who admitted from April 2012 to July 2012 in Nanjing Children's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University.During this time,10 cases of healthy children,10 cases of outpatients with flu-like symptoms and 90 cases of inpatients in pneumology department of our hospital were recruited as control group,whose throat swabs were also collected.All of 286 samples were tested by the triplex Taqman probes real-time RT-PCR for simultaneously detecting EV71,CA16 and EV.SPSS13.0 was used to analyze the results.Results The sensitivities of the triplex Taqman probes real-time RT-PCR was 1.0 × 103 copies per milliliter for EV71,CA16 and EV.It showed 100％ specificity for 9 enterovirus and 3 non-enterovirus.Analysis with 1.0 × 103-1.0 × 105 copies per milliliter constructed plasmids demonstrated high reproducibility with coefficient of variation of 0.44％-1.04％ for EV71,0.38％-0.73％ for CA16,and 0.46％-0.90％ for EV.More over 176 samples collected from children with suspected HFMD were detected by triplex Taqman probes real-time RTPCR and real-time RT-PCR.The results showed 97.2％ (171/176)agreement and 0.94 Kappa value with high concordance.Conclusions The triplex Taqman probes real-time RT-PCR detecting EV71,CA16 and EV simultaneously has been established successfully.The assay,with high sensitivity and specificity,provide good basis for the rapid clinical diagnosis of EV71,CA16 and EV and open up broad prospects for clinical and relevant researches.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of attention during visual search tasks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:Totally 45 adult patients with ADHD who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 44 healthy controls matched with age,gender and IQ were selected.The reaction time and accuracy rate of two groups were compared under visual search tasks of low and high visual working memory load.Results:The reaction time was longer in patients with ADHD than in the healthy controls in both low-load task [(823 ± 144) ms vs.(754 ± 123) ms,P ＜ 0.01] and highload task [(912 ± 163) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with the performance in low load task,the search reaction time was longer in high load task [ADHD group:(823 ± 144) ms vs.(912 ± 163) ms,P ＜ 0.01;control group:(754 ± 123) ms vs.(851 ± 162) ms,P ＜0.01] and the accuracy rate was lower during high load task than low load task[ADHD group:(95.9 ±4.3)％ vs.(91.2 ± 14.29)％;control group:(95.8 ± 4.2)％ vs.(94.4 ±4.9) ％,P ＜ 0.01] in both ADHD and control groups.Conclusion:The results suggest impairment in top-down attentional control in ADHD adults.When the visual working memory load is increasing,ADHD patients allocate more working memory resources on storing the target representation and less resources on visual attention,so the search efficiency may be influenced.

Objective To study the effect of mild hypothermia on β2- microglobulin (MG) level in cerebrospinam(CSF) of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.Methods Thirty-six severe TBI patients were divided into two groups randomly,mild hypothermia treatment group and normathermia treatment group,and the β2- MG level and GOS score in CSF of these patients in different time- point were evaluated.Results β2-MG level increased at first,then decreased gradually,and MBP level in mild hypothermia group decreased greater than the control group( P ＜ 0.05 ),moreover,patients in mild hypothermia treatment group had better outcome than the control group( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mild hypothermia may act as neuroprotection by inhibiting inflammatory response or improving immune regulation.

Objective To study the effect of mild hypothermia on MBP level in the CSF of TBI patients.Methods We investigated 36 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and randomized them into two groups,mild hypothermia treatment group and normathermia treatment group.The MBP levels in CSF and ICP and GOS scores in different time-points were evaluated.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the MBP level on the 1st day after treatment(P ＞ 0.05).The MBP levels in mild hypothermia group decreased greater than that in the control group on the 7th and 14th day after treatment(P ＜ 0.05).ICP decreased more in mild hypothermia group than in the control group(P ＜ 0.05)on the 7th and 14th day after treatment.Moreover,patients in mild hypothermia treatment group have better outcome than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the death rate between the two groups.Conclusion Mild hypothermia may provide neuroprotection by reducing MBP degradation and stabilizing medullary sheath,thus improving the prognosis of TBI patients.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the analysis capabilities of the dot immunogold filtration method on detecting serum amyloid A ( SAA ) protein in blood.It also aimed to research the clinical value of SAA in diagnosing the infectious diseases of children .Methods ( 1 ) The performance evaluation including the accuracy , within-run precision, inter assay variations , the linear and the distraction-analysis of SAA-SPOT was estimated following the EP file; From March to July in 2014, children from five 3A Grade hospitals in Guangdong Province were enrolled into this observational study.Data including white blood WBC count , CRP and SAA were obtained.(2) From March to July in 2014, children from five 3A Grade hospitals in Guangdong Province were enrolled randomly into this observational study.This study used a cross-sectional survey research method , and 386 children with bacterial infection and 219 children with virus infection were as the research object.The general , clinical diagnosis , treatment information as well as the data of blood SAA , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and white blood cell ( WBC ) of children were collected.Data were analyzed by variance , independent t test, ROC curve analysis and stepwise regression statistics method.Results ( 1 ) The average recovery rate is 103.74 %.Coefficient of variation (CV) for 10 mg/L,100 mg/L within-run assays were 8.77%, 3.61% and between-run assays were 9.01%, 3.74%;the inter-day CV were 9.07%, 4.03%respectively;the linear range was 5 mg/L-200 mg/L, hemoglobin(5 g/L),serum bilirubin(800 μmol/L),triglyceride(TG, 22 mmol/L), and had no interference in SAA detection.When compared to the BNPRO quantitate system of SIEMENS , the coefficient of association of detection of SAA by SAA-SPOT was R2 =0.96.( 2 ) Compared with control group , the serum SAA of infection group ( bacterial infection group , t =13.05, P=0.001;virus infection group t =7.68, P=0.001) and SAA/CRP ratio (bacterial infection group t=2.29, P=0.023;virus infection group t=3.32, P=0.01) were significantly increased.(3) The serum CRP and SAA rose similarly in bacterial infection, while in viral infection, only SAA increased significantly , CRP had no apparent change.In combination with CRP and WBC , SAA had the better diagnostic efficiency apparently.Conclusions As a POCT detection project , analysis capabilities of the SAA assayed by domestic SAA-SPOT can meet the requirements of clinical test.Combined with CRP , WBC and SAA can improve the efficiency in the diagnosing of infectious disease especially in the virus infection.As a new biomarker of infections , SAA is useful for the early auxiliary diagnosis and differential diagnosis of childhood infection.

Objective:To translated and Chinesize Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF-PDI) and test its reliability and validity in patients with temporomandibular joint disease.Methods:The Spanish version of CF-PDI was translated into Chinese and revised. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 250 patients with temporomandibular joint disease who were hospitalized in the Second People's Hospital of Foshan from January to December 2019 were selected as research objects. The Chinese version of CF-PDI was used to investigate and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were verified.Results:In this study, a total of 250 questionnaires were issued and 231 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 92.4%. The Chinese version of CF-PDI retained 21 items of the original questionnaire, and the total content validity of the questionnaire was 0.917. Through exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis, a total of 2 common factors with characteristic roots over or equal to1 can be extracted, the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.4%, and the loading degree of the factor of each item was 0.486 to 0.744. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two factors was 0.476, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between factors 1 and 2 and the total questionnaire were 0.785 and 0.814. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The correlation coefficient between The Chinese version of CF-PDI and the Pain Digital Rating Scale was 0.496 to 0.532, and he correlation coefficient between The Chinese version of CF-PDI and the total score and scores of each dimension of Pain Catastrophizing Scale was 0.246 to 0.476. The differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.01) . Cronbach's coefficient of the Chinese version of CF-PDI was 0.843, and test-retest reliability was 0.812. Conclusions:Chinese version of CF-PDI has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for pain effect and functional evaluation for patients with temporomandibular joint disease.

Objective To study the clinical significance of thromboelastography (TEG) for determining the presence of coagulation disorders in septic children.Methods A total of 100 patients suffering from sepsis or severe sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Shanghai Children's Medical Center from February 2014 to January 2015 were recruited.TEG tests and conventional coagulation laboratory tests (CCTs) including platelet count,fibrinogen,prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time,D-dimers,and international normalized ratio (INR) were carried out in all patients at the primary diagnosis of sepsis.Another 25 healthy children taking physical examination were enrolled as control group.Rank Sum Test was used to detect the differences in coagulation markers and TEG between the groups and there was statistical significance when P ＜ 0.05.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the roles of TEG and CCTs tests in this study.Results Of them,there were 56 patients with sepsis and 44 with severe sepsis.The male to female ratio was 63∶ 37,the median age was 11.5 (3.3-48) months,and 71％ patients suffered from underlying disease.According to TEG,72 patients had coagulation disorders,including 28 with hypercoagulation and 44 with hypocoagulation.CCTs tests showed 50 patients had coagulation disorders,including 29 with non-overt DIC and 21 with overt DIC.The rate of hypercoagulability was significantly higher in non-DIC group than in non-overt DIC group (46％vs.17.2％,P =0.016).The rate of hypocoagulability was significantly higher in overt DIC group than in non-overt DIC group (100％ vs.44.8％,P ＜ 0.01).Patients with hypercoagulation disorders had significantly shorter R (coagulation reaction time) and K (coagulation formation time) and greater α (angle α),MA (maximal amplitude) and CI (comprehensive coagulation index) compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).According to CCTs results,patients with hypercoagulation had significantly prolonged PT compared with control group (P =0.002).Compared with sepsis group,severe sepsis group had significantly prolonged R and K and lower α,MA and CI (P ＜ 0.01).ROC analysis demonstrated that area under the curve (AUC) of TEG and CCTs variables for diagnosis of severe sepsis were significantly greater than 0.5.Both variables of α (P =0.000 2) and K (P =0.004 1) had significantly greater AUCs compared with Fib.Conclusions There were 72％ septic patients with coagulation disorders.The hypercoagulability occurred earlier in patients with sepsis and the hypocoagulability occurred later in patients with severe sepsis.The TEG may provide important information for clinicians to deal with coagulation disorders in septic children.