It has been widely recognized that bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the best predictors of osteoporosis. Sex hormone status clearly affects bone either directly or indirectly. A longer estrogen exposure appears to be a major determinant of postmenopausal BMD and cardiovascular disease(CVD). However, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions that BMD might be used as a predictor factor of the risk of CVD. Therefore, the aim of the review was to examine the existing evidence on the association between BMD and risk of CVD, and to address the issue of a putative common pathogenic factor of estrogen deficiency.

Objective To improve the understanding of cutaneous intravascular natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (CIVNKTC). Methods Clinical data on five cases of CIVNKTC were collected. The histopathological feature, treatment and prognosis of CIVNKTC were retrospectively analyzed and discussed. Results Of the 5 patients, 1 was male and 4 were female. The age of onset ranged from 38 to 83 years (average, 56.2 years). All the patients presented with multiple plaques and nodules as the primary symptoms. Histopathological examination revealed vasodilatation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, as well as atypical lymphoid cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei containing 1-2 small nucleoli in dilated veins. Immunohistochemical studies of tumor cells showed positive staining for CD3ε, cytotoxic proteins (including T cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1, granzyme B and perforin)and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-encoded microRNA, but negative staining for cytokeratin, CD20, CD79a, CD4 and CD8. Furthermore, the tumor cells stained positive for CD56 in two patients. Among the 5 patients, only 2 received chemotherapy and the remaining received no treatment. During a 24-month follow-up, 4 patients died, and only 1 survived with the tumor. Conclusion CIVNKTC is a rare extranodal Hodgkin′s lymphoma with distinct histologic manifestations and immunophenotypes, rapid and aggressive clinical course, and poor prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) and cyclin-dependent kinase2 (CDK2) and bone mineral density in perimenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) .Methods:A total of 80 perimenopausal women treated in our hospital from Feb. 2021 to Aug. 2022 were selected as study objects. Among them, 38 were in the OP group and 42 were in the control group. The expression levels of FOXP1 and CDK2 in serum were detected by ELISA. BMD expression levels of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck were measured by DEXA BMD analyzer. The correlation between serum FOXP1 and CDK2 and bone mineral density in perimenopausal women with osteoporosis was analyzed by Pearson method.Results:Compared with the control group, the contents of FOXP1 and CDK2 in serum of the control group were (42.94±3.37) pg/ml and (102.46±12.247) pg/ml, respectively. Serum FOXP1 and CDK2 contents in OP group were (25.91±4.38) pg/ml and (60.59±10.777) pg/ml, respectively. Compared with the control group, serum FOXP1 and CDK2 expression levels and bone mineral density of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck in OP group were significantly decreased. The BMD of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck of women in the control group were 0.68±0.28 and 0.43±0.99, respectively. BMD of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck of women in the OP group were 0.40±0.10 and 0.21±0.15, respectively. Bone mineral density decreased in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck in the OP group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In addition, the correlation analysis results showed that the expression level of FOXP1 in serum was positively correlated with bone mineral density of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck ( r=0.546, 0.245, P<0.05), and the expression level of CDK2 was positively correlated with bone mineral density of lumbar spine (L1-L4) ( r=0.600, P<0.05) . Conclusions:In perimenopausal women with osteoporosis, the expression of FOXP1 and CDK2 in serum was significantly decreased, and there was a correlation with bone mineral density. It is suggested that FOXP1 and CDK2 may be used as biological indicators and clinical predictors of osteoporosis in perimenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in the expression of voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNA2 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with osteoarthritis (OA) pain induced by sodium monoiodoacetate and explore the mechanism. METHODS: A total of 156 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group, saline group and intra-articular monoiodoacetate injection-induced OA group. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was measured before and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after monoiodoacetate injection. At 4 weeks after the injection, the pathological changes in the knee joints were analyzed using HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining, and the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the DRG neurons were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of mRNA in the DRG neurons was detected by RT-qPCR at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the injection. The expression of KCNA2 in the DRG was measured by Western blotting, and the methylation level of promoter region was measured by MSPCR at 4 weeks after the injection. RESULTS: The PWMT of the rats in OA group was significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the injection as compared with the baseline ( < 0.05 or < 0.001) as well as the control group ( < 0.05 or < 0.001). Four weeks after the intra-articular injection, fractures and defects on the surface of the articular cartilage, bone hyperplasia, and blurred tidal line were observed in the rats in OA group, but no obvious pathological changes were detected in the control or saline groups. Compared with those in the control group, the expressions of ATF-3 and iNOS were significantly increased ( < 0.01) at 4 weeks after injection; the expression of mRNA at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and the expression of KCNA2 protein at 4 weeks were all significantly decreased ( < 0.05 or < 0.01), and the methylation level of gene was significantly increased at 4 weeks after the injection in OA group ( < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The expression of KCNA2 is decreased in the DRG neurons of rats with OA pain likely as a result of enhanced methylation of promoter region.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Knee Joint ; Kv1.2 Potassium Channel ; metabolism ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; complications ; metabolism ; Pain ; etiology ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley