Objective To analyze the characterization of cognitive function in Parkinson's disease with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Methods Cognitive function was examined in Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) patients ( n = 30) , Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients ( n = 30) and healthy elderly control subjects ( n = 60) . Neuropsychological evaluation contained semantic fluency test, phonemic fluency test, action fluency test, objective and action naming tests. Results In PDD group , the score of semantic fluency test is 9. 33 ±2. 78, 6. 17 ± 1.67 of phonemic fluency test and 7.03 ±2. 34 of action fluency test,it is 6.90 ±2.47, 7.87±2.01,8.30±3. 17 of AD group. The score of objective and action naming tests is 36.33 ±3.39, 17.63 ±2. 17 in PDD group,while AD patients is 33.23 ±3.56 and 22.33 ±2.37. The verbal fluency tests and naming tests were impaired in PDD and AD patients compared with the healthy elderly control group (P ＜ 0. 01 ), phonemic fluency, action fluency and action naming were more impaired in PDD patients compared with the AD group , while semantic fluency and objective naming were more impaired in AD patients (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions Executive function deficit and naming impairment are found in PDD and AD patients, it shows that PDD is characterized by the addition of cortical dysfunction upon a predominant and progressive fronto-subcortical impairment. There is subcortical dysfunction in AD patients.

AIM: To observe the effects of the human acidic fibroblast growth factor mutant (mhaFGF), lacking 27 amino acids at N-terminal, on the proliferation and signal transduction of the hepatocarcinoma cells. METHODS: The hepatocarcinoma cells were treated with human acidic fibroblast growth factor (haFGF) and mhaFGF, respectively. The expression levels of the signal proteins, Grb2 and Erk1/2, in the hepatocarcinoma cells were detected by semi-quantitative Western-blotting after treated for 15 min. The mitogenic activity of both haFGF and mhaFGF was detected by MTT method and the cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometer (FCM) after treated for 48 h. RESULTS: The mitogenic activity and the ratio of G 1 and S phase cells in mhaFGF-treated cells were markedly lower than that of the haFGF, and close to that of the control group. The expression level of both Grb2 and Erk1/2 in the mhaFGF-treated cells were lower than those in the haFGF- treated cells. CONCLUSION: The decrease in the mitogenic activity of mhaFGF is probably associated to its down-regulating the expression of the signal molecular, MAPK-ERK1/2 and Grb2.

Dementia care is a chronic stressor severely influencing on physical and mental health and social life of family caregivers.In the research field of dementia care,the studies are inadequate regarding to the influence of caregiving stress on physical and mental health,especially on the risk of suffering from common chronic disease of family caregivers.So far,the studies are mainly based on hypotheses associated with chronic stress-induced three perspectives,i.e.,excessive activation of sympathetic nervous system,endothelial injury,and excessive activation of pro-inflammatory and procoagulant factors.This paper summarizes the research progress from these three perspectives.

Objective To examine the effect of a Caregiving Self-Management Support (C-SMS) Program on self-efficacy, social support for family caregivers of people with dementia and psychological symptom of patients. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, 41 caregivers of dementia patients were selected as the study objects from September 2016 to September 2017 in the Memory Disorders Outpatient Department of two ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Shanghai. They were divided into the experimental group(n=26) and control group(n=15) according to their willingness. Totally 4 participants in each of the two groups dropped out of the study in the middle. In the experimental group, a total of 6 times, once in 2 weeks social support group activities were carried out; in the control group, a total of 3 telephone instruction, once a month was carried out, all participants were distributed with the Caregiver Educational Booklet prepared by the research team and participated 3 education seminars during the follow-up visit. Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers(SEQCFC) and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey(MOS-SSS) and Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist(RMBPC) were used to compare the effect of intervention. Results The time effect of the total score of SEQCFC was significant (P＜ 0.01). There was a statistically significance in the interaction on social support score between groups and time (P＜ 0.05). After intervention and follow-up, the self-efficacy scores of family caregivers in the experimental group were higher than the baseline (P＜0.05). There were significant time effect in the total score of behavioral and psychological symptom behavioral symptoms, memory and depression related problems (P＜0.05). The total score of behavioral and psychological symptom, score of the disruptive behaviour dimension after follow-up visit, scores of the depression dimension after intervention and follow-up visit in the experimental group were all lower than the baseline (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions The self-management support project of caregivers can improve the self-efficacy of family caregivers and alleviate the behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia patients.

Objective To identify abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism characteristics in patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging. Methods From January 2014 to January 2017, resting-state brain 18 F-FDG PET imaging was performed in 10 CBD patients (5 males, 5 females; average age: (63.4±6.2) years) and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (8 males, 12 female; average age: (63.6±6.2) years). Voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to analyze images to obtain the CBD-related brain metabolic characteristics. The regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) was compared between 2 groups by two-sample t test. Results Compared with healthy controls, CBD group demonstrated asymmetrically decreased glucose metabolism mainly in the cere-bral hemisphere opposite to the more clinically affected body side, including the superior, middle and inferi-or frontal gyrus, the precentral gyrus, the superior and inferior parietal lobule, the angular gyrus, the supra-marginal gyrus, the precuneus, the middle occipital gyrus, the middle and inferior temporal gyrus, Heschl gyrus, the fusiform gyrus, the insula and the thalamus. And relatively increased glucose metabolism was present in ipsilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus, hippocampus, insula and putamen, bilateral cerebel-lum, paracentral lobules and pontine. The rCMRglc in those regions was significantly different between CBD patients and healthy controls (t values: 4.236-9.044, all P<0.01). Conclusion The asymmetric cerebral glucose metabolism features in CBD based on 18 F-FDG PET imaging contribute to the differential diagnosis between CBD patients and healthy subjects.

Background: Livin, survivin and Pak-1 are all related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Livin and survivin play their roles by inhibiting the activity of caspase-7. Aims: To investigate the expressions and significance of livin, survivin, Pak-1 and caspase-7 in different gastric mucosal lesions. Methods: A total of 45 cases of gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue, 45 chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, 45 chronic non-atrophic gastritis from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2019 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of livin, survivin, Pak-1 and caspase-7, and their correlations with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer patients were analyzed. Results: Compared with chronic non-atrophic gastritis group and paracancerous group, the positivity expression rates of livin, survivin and Pak-1 in intestinal metaplasia group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while caspase-7 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with intestinal metaplasia group, the positivity expression rates of livin, survivin and Pak-1 in gastric cancer group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while caspase-7 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Expressions of livin, survivin, Pak-1 and caspase-7 were correlated with the differentiation degree, TNM stage, depth of infiltration and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (P<0.05). Conclusions: Livin, survivin, Pak-1 and caspase-7 play important roles in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

Marine sponges of the genus are well known as rich sources of diverse and complex biologically relevant natural products, including alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, lipids, and steroids. Some of these metabolites, with novel structures and promising biological activities, have attracted a lot of attention from chemists seeking to perform their total synthesis in parallel to intensive biological studies towards new drug leads. In this review, we summarized the distribution of the chemically investigated sponges, the isolation, synthesis and biological activities of their secondary metabolites, covering the literature from 1982 to early 2018.