Objective:To analyze the manifestation and essence of the knowledge of Chinese animal zodiacs in normal and cognitive impaired Chinese elders by Animal Fluency Test (AFT).Methods:512 normal elders, 153 patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 124 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) were evaluated with AFT and other tests (the mini-mental state examination, auditory verbal memory test, etc).Results:AFT total correct numbers and non-zodiac-animal numbers rather than zodiac-animal numbers showed significant relationships with gender, education level, premorbid ability, general cognitive and memory functions (r=-0.107~0.311,P

Objective To investigate the executive function features of different subtypes of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Methods Sixty-four subjects with subcortical ischaemic vascular disease (SIVD) presumed by medical history and neuroimaging (cranial MRI) were recruited. The clinical and neuropsychological features of the 4 groups were compared: cognitive normal control (n=25), simple executive impairment of VCI-ND (s-VCI-ND, n=16), multi-domain impairment of VCI-ND (m-VCI-ND, n=26) and vascular dementia (VaD) patients (n=22). All participants underwent neuropsychological tests covering global cognitive function, executive function, memory function, language function and visual spatial skills. The executive tests included 15 independent subtest reflect set shifting, inhibition of prepotent responses, working memory, concept formation and fluency. Results Tower of Hanoi, self ordered pointing test and paced auditory serial addition test were not suitable for identification of VCI-ND because their finish rates were less 50%. Performance of trail making test (216.5±69.3 vs 137.4±37.9), Stroop color words test (115.4±30.1 vs 72.9±17.5), California cards sorting test-Chinese version (1.9±1.4 vs 2.7±1.2)and animal category fluency test(14.2±2.3 vs 17.7±4.4) had significant difference between s-VCI-ND group and cognitive normal control group (t=4.73, 5.72, 2.04 and 3.53, all P<0.05) and these tests were applicable and sensitive assessment tools in all executive tests. Time-consuming index showed more sensitivity than correct index in executive function. Neuropsychological deficits of m-VCI-ND patients showed lower than that of s-VCI-ND group and better than that of VaD patients. It was likely that the m-VCI-ND was a transition state between normal aging and VaD. Conclusion Executive dysfunction of VCI caused by SIVD is short of specificity. Some tests may appear earlier in screening of VCI-ND.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of suprapubic Trocar puncture lithotripsy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder stones. Methods: From February 2016 to August 2018, 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder stones in the Second Hospital of Pujiang County were randomly selected.The patients were divided into transurethral prostatic bipolarplasma electrotomy group(control group, 30 cases) and transurethral prostatic bipolar excision procedure combined with suprapubic Trocar puncture cystinolithotomy group(study group, 30 cases) according to the operation methods.The operation time, stone extraction time, removal of bladder fistula time, catheter extraction time, success of one stone extraction, postoperative complications of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results: The operation time, stone removal time, bladder fistula removal time and catheter removal time of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(t=6.965, 4.541, 3.365, 3.306, all P<0.05). The success rate of the first stone extraction in the study group was 100.0%(30/30), which was significantly higher than 86.7%(26/30) in the control group (χ²=12.83, P<0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative complications in the study group was 10.0%(3/30), which was significantly lower than 23.3%(7/30) in the control group(χ²=13.34, P<0.05). Conclusion Suprapubic Trocar puncture lithotripsy has high value in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder stones.

【Objective】 To investigate the changing pattern of polymer content in the manufacturing process of human immunoglobulin, especially the correlation between pH value and polymer content, so as to provide basis for the control of polymer in human immunoglobulin products. 【Methods】 IVIG and HBIG low pH intermediate samples were taken and their pH values were adjusted to different gradients with 0.5 or 0.1 mol/L HCl. The polymer content was detected by HPLC, and the influence of different pH values on polymer content was observed and analyzed. 【Results】 With low pH value, the polymer content of samples increased from <1% to 10% with the decrease of pH value. When pH value was in the range of 3.85~3.10, the polymer content in the samples increased from 0.38% to 15.5% exponentially with the decrease of pH value. The logarithm of polymer was linearly correlated with pH value. 【Conclusion】 When pH value is low, polymer content of human immunoglobulin is significantly affected by pH value. Keeping pH value above 4.0 during the whole manufacturing process of human immunoglobulin is suggested.