To evaluate the value of the vaccinations with 3 strains of gene-deleted mutants from pseudorabies virus(PRV), PRV TK-, PRV gE-/gI- and PRV TK-/gE-/gI- after to exposure to the wild Fa strain, these mutant strains from the PVR reference isolate Fa were used to vaccinate 4 weeks old PRV-free pigs with a dosage of 105 PFU each ,and followed by nasally challenged by the parental Fa strain with a dosage of 107 PFU at 14 days post vaccination. The pathological changes, virus discharge and distribution were evaluated after vaccination and challenge. It was found that the histopathological observations in the 10 collected samples including cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, tonsils, lymph nodes and trigeminal ganglion from these 3 mutant strains showed that the rates of occurrence of pathological changes in various organs were 4/10, 3/10 and 4/10 respectively, whereas that of the positive controls were 9/10. The damage in lungs was more serious in pigs vaccinated with PRV TK-mutant and positive control in comparison with other groups of pigs inoculated, and the damages in cerebrum, cerebellum and trigeminal ganglion in positive controls were more serious than those of pigs vaccinated with the 3 gene-deleted mutants. However, the tonsils, the main organ for latent infection were damaged mildly in the pigs inoculated with these 3 gene-deleted mutants in comparison with that of the positive controls. As demonstrated by Southern blot analysis, all the vaccinated pigs could discharge viruses by secretion through nasal cavity, but the soldier pigs were not infected successively by the gene-deleted mutants and the gene-deleted mutants were also unable to establish infection in cerebrum and cerebellum. Nevertheless, they could not effectively block discharge of PRV Fa after exposure to Fa virus, but could block effectively the virulent Fa virus invading into cerebrum and cerebellum. From these observation, it is evident that the deleted mutants of the TK, gE/gI , TK/gE/gI genes can block the invasion of virulent Fa virus into cerebrum and cerebellum and lessen the damages on multiple organs or tissues ,indicating that the deleted mutant of TK/gE/gI gene may be the most promising candidate of vaccine strain for development of the commercial vaccine.

To confirm the etiology of a dead case for a 6 year-old female Ailurus fulgens,one strain of the predominant bacteria from pathologic tissues(heart,liver,spleen,lung and other samples) of the dead Ailurus fulgens were examined and isolated.The isolate was named R1 and no other bacteria were isolated.The bacterial etiological examination(morphological characteristics,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene detection)of R1 showed that it was identifed as K.peneumoniae.Artificial infection to mice about R1 was also conducted in this study.R1 had strong pathogenicity to mice and the LD50 is 6.5 × 104 CFU/mL.Moreover,the clinical and pathological features of the dead mice were consistent with that of the Ailurus fulgens.To find effective therapeutic drugs of curing other Ailurus fulgens,antibiotic sensitivity test of R1 was conducted,and the results revealed that R1 was highly sensitive to cefotaxime et al,moderately sensitive to amikacin and resistant to penicillin.These data showed that K.peneumoniae was bacterial pathogen leading to death of the Ailurus fulgens and it had strong resistance to penicillins,macrolides and virginiamycin and it had broad drug resistance spectrum.However,R1 is sensitive to cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Objective: To describe bullying victimization of middle school students in Dalian and associated factors, so as to provide scientific basis for campus bullying prevention. Methods: The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 540 middle school students from urban and rural areas in Dalian, who were investigated with campus bullying victimization and related factors. Results: The reported rate of campus bullying victimization among middle school students in Dalian was 25.11%. The rates of physical violence (5.99%, 3.66%) and verbal violence(24.93%, 15.87%) of male students were higher than that of female students( χ 2=6.56, 27.94, P <0.05). The rates of verbal violence (22.84%, 16.25%) and emotional neglect(16.84%, 13.18%) of junior high school students were higher than those of high school students( χ 2=14.21, 5.44, P < 0.05 ). The rates of physical violence(6.07%, 3.55%), verbal violence(24.58%, 16.05%) and emotional neglect(18.88%, 12.06 %) of rural students were higher than those of urban students( χ 2=7.72, 24.81, 19.64, P <0.05). Male students, junior high school students and rural students suffered more severe campus bullying than female students, high school students and urban students( Z =3.46, 3.75, 5.89, P <0.01). The structural equation model showed that academic performance (path coefficient -0.003) and father s education (path coefficient -0.004 ) have a direct negative effect on campus bullying behavior, while mother s education (indirect action coefficient -0.000 8), height(indirect action coefficient -0.000 3), father s education (indirect action coefficient -0.000 3) and weight (indirect action coefficient 0.000 2) indirect effects on campus bullying through academic performance. Conclusion The prevalence of campus bullying victimization among middle school students in Dalian is relatively high, which worths further attention to. Rural students, junior high school students and boys are more likely to suffer campus bullying. Improving academic performance might be beneficial for campus bullying prevention.