Apoptosis, a common and evolutionarily conserved property of all metazoan,is an essential part of life. The loss of cellular homeostasis balance is a character of tumor. The mitochondria (the intrinsic pathway) and the death receptors (the extrinsic pathway) are two major signal transduction pathways. With elucidation of the apoptotic molecular mechanism, some key proteins and genes related with apoptosis had been as the molecular targets for anticancer new drugs. There is the fundamental signficance to research further both apoptotic molecular mechanism and tumor therapy. [

Human sex glands (ovary and testis) play extremely important roles in reproductive function and sexual behavior by secreting various hormones.However,complex changes in the structure and the function of sex gland occur with ageing,resulting in a series of clinical consequences.This article explores these changes and discuss about their diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of human PRKCB1 containing enhanced green fluorescence protein gene and transfer into human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),then identify activity of expression protein.Methods The pReceiver-M29-PRKCB1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed by frame amplified from pMD18-T-PRKCB1 plasmid.Then the recombinant plasmids were identified by enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing.According to optimized conditions,the eukaryotic expression plasmids were transfered into HUVECs and observed under fluorescence microscope.After that,transfection efficiency was calculated under random vision.The plasma membrane/cytosol ratio of fluorescence was calculated under confocal microscope.The translocation was identified.Results The gene sequence was completely consistent with that reported in GenBank.The enhanced green fluorescence protein was observed in HUVECs after 48 hours.Transfection efficiency was 18.6%?1.6%.The translocation was observed.Conclusion The eukaryotic expression plasmid is successfullyconstructed and transfered into HUVECs,the translocation was identified.It is a potential tool for screening HUVECs stably expressing human protein kinase C ?2 and isolating protein complex.

Objective To study the influence of intravenous injection of dezocine and fentanyl under general anesthesia on analepsia and analgesia after children appendectomy.Methods 86 children needed peritoneoscope appendectomy were enrolled in the study.All patients were randomized into two groups.The patients in group A were given intravenous injection of dezocine at half an hour before the end of the operation.The patients in group B were given intravenous injection of fentanyl before the end of the operation.The operation length,the postoperative catheter removal time and the heart rate,respiratory rate,mean arterial pressure,blood pressure saturability at the time of stopping using narcotic (T1),the time of catheter removal (T2),10min after catheter removal (T3) of the two groups were observed and recorded.At half an hour after catheter removal,Riker sedation-agitation scale and FLACC of two groups were estimated.Results The heart rate[(112.47±8.06)beats/min,(111.29±9.03)beats/min] and mean arterial pressure[(69.49±7.33)mmHg,(68.72±6.93)mmHg] of group A at T2,T3 were significantly lower than those of group B[heart rate: (126.98±7.24)beats/min,(131.54±8.62)beats/min and mean arterial pressure: (76.81±5.18)mmHg,(72.05±3.76)mmHg, heart rate tT2=3.294,tT3=5.018;mean arterial pressure tT2=4.029,tT3=2.287,all P<0.05].Besides,the FLACC score[(3.62±0.73)points] and Riker score[(2.93±0.75)points] of group A at half an hour after catheter removal were significantly lower than those of group B[(5.06±0.92)points,(3.96±1.17)points,tFLACC=6.390,tRiker=2.119,all P<0.05].Conclusion Intravenous injection of properdezocine at half an hour before the end of the operation has good postoperative analgesia effect for children appendectomy and children wake up in a more stable state,and the occurrence rate of postoperative analgesia and adverse reaction is low, so it has less influence on cardiovascular reaction and is applicable for clinical application.

AIM: To investigate pharmacdogical mechanism of Negundo Chastetree extract liquor (NCEL), the effect of (NCEL) on blood-fat, liver-fat and blood-sugar in the rat and the mouse were studied in this paper. METHODS: The experimental models were established by giving rats and mice NCEL orally at dosages 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 mL/kg.b.w respectively. Then the level of blood-fat, liver-fat, and blood-sugar were observed. RESULTS: The level of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased considerably in mice, at the same time, the increase of triglyceride induced by high lipid diet in liver of mice were inhibited significantly. In addition, the level of fatty liver of hepatic homogenization triglyceride in rats with induced by DL-ethionine was lowered obviously by oral administration of NCEL. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that NCEL may have effects of reducing blood-fat and pretecting liver.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Chinese medicine Jinan injection(JA) on Lewis lung cancer (LLC) in mice. METHODS: The C 57 BL/6J mice with Lewis lung cancer(LLC) were divided into normal saline(NS), Jinan high dose (JAH), Jinan middle dose (JAM), Jinan low dose (JAL) and cyclophosphamide(CTX) groups. The body weight changes and inhibitory rate of LLC in each group were observed. In addition, flow cytometry and TUNEL were used to detect the anticancer mechanism of Jinan. RESULTS: The body weights were increased significantly in JA-treated groups vs CTX and the resistant rate was 45.79%, 40.90%, 32.48% and 98.96%, respectively. The apoptotic rate was 24.19%, 14.95% and 13.93% in JAH, JAM and JAL, respectively, and the Jinan induced apoptosis of LIC in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Jinan injection inhibites the growth of LLC, and the apoptosis induction may be one of mechanisms that Jinan treates LLC in mice.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of recombinat human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with heart failure in aged patients. Methods Totally 63 elderly patients with AMI and heart failure were randomly divided into therapy (29 cases) and control (34 cases) groups.Besides routine treatment,the therapy group received rhBNP in continuous intravenous infusion, while control group was treated with nitroglycerin.Both drugs were administered for 3-5 days.The dyspnea remission rates after treatment were recorded.At the same time,heart rates and blood oxygen saturation,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVDD),serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were recorded before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate after the treatment was 79.3 ％ (23/29) in therapy group and 64.7％ (22/34) in control group(P =0.017).The dyspnea remission rate was better in therapy group than in control group (P＜0.05).The heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,LVEF,hsCPR and IL-6 in therapy group were [(120± 11) times/min,(78 ± 6) ％,(28 ± 32) ％,(25.78 ± 2.44) mg/L,(40.74 ± 5.43) μg/L]before treatment,and after treatment [ ( 89 ± 9) times/min,( 97 ± 6 ) ％,(43 ±± 20) ％,( 12.78 ± 2.54 )mg/L,(28.45±2.34) μg/L] (all P＜0.05).The above indexes in control group were [(117±8)times/min,(80±8) ％,(29±31)％,(21.44±1.33) mg/L,(41.87±5.46) μg/L] before treatment,and after treatment[(109± 10) times/min,(34±18) ％,(43±20) ％,(17.63± 1.62) mg/L,(36.56±3.02) μg/L].The heart rate and the levels of IL-6 and hsCPR were reduced,blood oxygen saturation and LVEF were increased in therapy group than those in control group. Conclusions rhBNP is efficient in the treatment of elderly AMI with heart failure.

Objective To explore the best way for clinical screening of primary aldosteronism (PA).Methods Three hundred and three suspected cases of PA were collected and divided into groups of primary aldosteronism group, essential hypertension group, and nonsecreting cortical adrenal tumor group.The plasma aldosterone concentration/plasma renin concentration ratio ( ARR) was used to draw the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve and obtain the best cut-off point.Furthermore, the current screening schemes for PA were compared.Results Upright ARR yield had larger areas under the ROC curve than plasma aldosterone concentration or plasma renin concentration under all conditions of testing. The best cut-off point of upright ARR[(pg/ml)/(μIU/ml)] for the diagnosis of PA was 43.45.During the two postural stimulation tests,the two upright ARR exceeded 43.45 with the highest diagnostic sensitivity of PA reaching 0.94.During the two upright tests ARR was less than 43.45, with a sensitivity of 0.74, and a specificity of 0.94.Conclusion To screen for PA in high-risk populations, twice postural stimulation test is recommended.As long as the upright ARR is above 43.45, PA may be considered and further confirmation is needed to prevent misdiagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the tolerance and safety of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty cases with advanced renal cell carcinoma were enrolled,26 were males and 14 were females,the average age was 70 years.Recurrence or metastasis was found in 32 patients who had received nephrectomy,22 of the 32 cases had received cytokine therapy before recurrence or metastasis.Primary renal lesions of 8 cases could not be resected,so patients get renal tumor biopsy.Pathological type of all patients was clear cell carcinoma.KPS of all the patients were ≥70 points.Sorafenib was used as first-line treatment,with 400 mg twice per day,until intolerance or disease progression occurred.Results The average treatment time was 7.5 months (3-18 months),CR 0 case,PR 6 cases,SD 29 cases,PD 5 cases.The overall objective response rate and disease control rate were 15.0% (6/40)and 87.5%(35/40),respectively.The median follow-up period was 11 months.The adverse reaction included hand-foot skin reaction(70.0%),alopecia (62.5%),rash(52.5%),diarrhea(37.5%),loss of appetite(32.5%),fatigue(27.5%).Most adverse reactions occurred around the second week after drug therapy initiation,their duration did not equal.And most of these adverse reactions could be released by symptomatic treatment,they did not affect the treatment.Conclusions The types of adverse reactions of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma are similar to those reported in the literature.Generally the degree of adverse reactions is minor,with good tolerance and safety.

Objective To investigate the roles of protein kinase C(PKC)β_2 and PPARα in the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)exposed to high glucose,and to explore their relationship.Methods The HUVECs were divided into eight groups:normal glucose(NG,5 mmoL/L D-glucose)group,high glucose(HG,25 mmol/L D-ucose)group,osmotic control(L,NG+20 mmol/L L-glucose)group,normal glucose transfected with empty vector(NN,NG+AdS-null)group,high glucose transfected with PKCβ_2(HB,HG+Ad5-PKCβ_2)group,high glucose plus fenofibrate(HF,HG+40 μmol/L fenofibrate)group,and HB plus fenofibrate (HBF,HB+40μmol/L fenofibrate)group.HUVECs were incubated with fenofibrate for 20 minutes as HF20 group.All cells in various groups were cultured for 6 days.The expressions of VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.PPARα protein expression was tested by Western blot.The expression and traaslocation of PKCβ_2 protein were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopo.Results (1)HG increased VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions,with 1.91 and 1.56 folds of NG group,respectively(both P<0.05).VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions in HB group further increased,with 2.59 and 2.07 folds of NG group,respectively(both P<0.05).Fenofibrate significantly decreased VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions,with 68%and 74%of HG group,respectively(both P<0.05).There were no significant difierences in the expressiong of VEGF,VCAM-1 mRNA between HF20 and HG groups.(2)The protein expression of PPARα decreased by 20%in HG group compared with NG group,and further decreased in HB group,being 78%of HG group.Compared with HG group,PPARαexpression increased by 13%in HF group(P<0.05).(3)HG induced PKCβ_2 translocation from cytosol to nucleus and quantitative analysis showed the ratio of plasma/nuclear fluorescence intensity in HG group decreased by 37% compared with NG group(P<0.05).The PKCβ_2 translocation was more obvious in HB group than in HG group.Conclusion Hiigll glucose stimulates VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions in HUVECs via PKCβ_2 activationdependent PPARα pathway.