Objective To observe the efficacy of carbomer eye gel combined with hydroxycitron eye drops in the treatment of dry eye.Methods214 cases with xerophalmi in Yongkang first people's hospital were divided into the CT group and the CL group according to the admission of odd and even numbers.The CL group were given carbomer eye gel, and the CT group were given carbomer eye gel combined with hydroxycitron eye drops.The effect, 3 index of tear film stability and quality of life were evaluated in the two groups.ResultsThe effect in the CT group was significantly higher than that in the CI group (P<0.05).Tear break-up time(BUT) and schirmer test(SIT) in the CT group were significantly better than those in the CL group(P<0.05), Fluorescent Stain Test (FLT) in the CT group was lower than that in the CL group.After treatment, at the seventh day, the fourteenth day, the twenty-eighth day, the quality of life in the CT group was significantly higher than that in the CL group.ConclusionIt can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms which carbomer eye gel combined with Hypoglycemic eye drops Dextran 70 and Glycerol Eye Drop on the treatment of xerophthalmia, and it is worthy of promotion.

Objective To study the pathological characteristics of interleukin-16 (IL-16) and CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) in pulmonary artery of smokers with normal lung function and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods We examined surgical specimens from three groups of subjects undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions: group NS(nonsmokers with normal lung function, n=10); group S (smokers with normal lung function, n=13); group COPD (smokers with stable COPD, n=10). The clinical datas including blood gas analysis, pulmonary function,BMI, smoking index, BODE index, six-minute-walk distance (6MWD), Medical Research Council dyspened scale (MRC), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were recorded in all subjects before the operation. We applied technique of hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe pathomorphological changes of the pulmonary arteries. The concentration of IL-16 in lung tissues were measured by ELISA. Muscularized arteries were examined with immunohistochemical methods to identify T-lymphocytes (CD_3), CD_4 T-lymphocytes, CD_8 T-lymphocytes, IL-16, CXCR3. The correlation of IL-16 and CXCR3 in muscnlarized arteries in smokers with stable COPD were analysed. Results (1) The group COPD showed the highest concentration of IL-16 in lung tissue (P <0. 01) . The concentration of IL-16 in group S was higher than group NS (P<0.05). (2) Both in group S and group COPD, the percentage of the muscularized arteries that contained CXCR3 and IL-16 were increased as compared with group NS (P < 0. 01). Moreover there were statistical significance have been observed between group COPD and group S(P < 0.01). (3) The intensity of IL-16 infiltrating the muscularized arteries in group COPD showed a positive correlation with CD_3~+ T-lymphocytes, CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes, CXCR3 (r=0.639,0. 803,0. 696; P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), smoking index, BODE index (r= 0.737,0. 704; P < 0. 05). There was inverse relationship between the content of IL-16 in the muscularized arteries in group COPD and forced expiratory volume in one second% predicted (FEV_1 % Pred) and 6MWD (r=-0.803,-0.787; P<0.01). We also found the intensity of CXCR3 infiltrating the muscularized arteries in group COPD showed a positive correlation with CD_3~+ T-lymphocytes,CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes(r=0.650,0.767; P<0.05), smoking index, BODE index (r=0.650,0.767; P< 0.05). There was inverse relationship between the content of CXCR3 in the muscularized arteries in group COPD and FEV_1 % Pred and 6MWD (r=-0.778,-0.774;P<0.01). Conclusions (1) Both in group S and group COPD, IL-16 and CXCR3 were mainly expressed in lymphocytes which were correlated with CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes infiltrating the muscularized arteries. There were some suggestion that IL-16 prohaly recruited CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes into muscularized arteries by enhancing the expression of CXCR3. (2) The intensity of IL-16 and CXCR3 were correlated with the index of clinical and pulmonary function that suggested pulmonary arterial inflammation might be one of the key factors associated with the progression of COPD, and inhibiting the pulmonary artery inflammation played an important role in prevention and cure of COPD.

ObjectiveTo study the pathological characteristics of intra-acinar pulmonary artery inflammation and its correlation with smoking index and disease progression in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsPatients requiting lung resection for peripheral lung cancer were divided into group A (nonsmokers with normal lung function,n = 10), group B (smokers with normal lung function, n = 13), and group C (smokers with stable COPD,n = 10).The lung tissue far away from rumor were resected to compare the pathological changes of intraacinar pulmonary arteries and infiltration level of inflammatory cell in pulmonary non-muscularized arteries (NMA), pulmonary partially muscularized arteries (PMA) and muscularized arteries (MA) among the three groups.The correlation analysis was made among infiltration level, smoking index, percentage of predicted value of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV,％ Pred), six-minute-walk distance (6MWD) and BODE index.Results (1) Both group B and group C showed the intima and media thickness of MA was significantly higher, the lumen area of MA was narrower and the proportion of MA was higher, and collagenous fiber of MA adventitial proliferated and area increased in group C(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).(2) In group B and group C, the percentage of the intra-acinar pulmonary arteries that contained leukocytes, T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes and the number of these positive cells infiltrating the intraacinar pulmonary arteries were increased, especially an increased number of CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating in the arterial adventitia as compared with group A, moreover there were significant difference between group C and group B (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).In group B and group C, the degree of these positive cellsinfiltrating NMA, PMA and MA presented a decreasing sequence (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Among the intima, media and adventitia of MA, the infiltration of these positive cells was the highest in the adventitia.Among group A, group B and group C, infiltration degree of CD4+ T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, macrophage and neutrophil demonstrated no significant difference, also among NMA, PMA and MA (P ＞ 0.05).(3)The number of leukocytes, T lymphocytes, CD8+T lymphocytes infiltrating MA showed a positive correlation with the thickness of MA (r =0.563,0.627,0.589 ,P ＜0.01 ,respectively) and smoking index (r =0.551,0.665, 0.600, P ＜ 0.01, respectively), moreover the degree of these cells infiltrating MA demonstrated negative correlation with FEV1 ％ Pred (r = - 0.763, - 0.703, - 0.767, P ＜ 0.01, respectively).Also infiltrating degree of T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes was positively correlated with BODE(r = 0.390,0.476,P ＜ 0.05, respectively). Furthermore the infiltrating degree of CD8+ T lymphocytes had negative correlation with 6MWD (r = - 0.356, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions(1) Pulmonary arterial inflammation appears in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with COPD patients.It involves in all types of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries especially NMA and infiltrates whole layer of MA with a characteristic of CDs+T lymphocytes infiltrating in the adventitia of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries. (2)Pulmonary inflammation is closely correlated to cigarette smoking and clinical parameters such as BODE index, FEV1％pred and 6MWD.It is one of the key factors affecting the progression of COPD.

Objective To explore the expressions and significance of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 in colorectal tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) .Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was applied to detected the expression of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 in colorectal tissues of 60 patients in UC group and 20 healthy adults in the control group ,and analyzed the relationship of the expres‐sions between Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 .It was regarded as positive cell when obvious dark brown granules appeared in cytoplasm or cyteblast .Semi‐quantitative analysis was used basing on the staining intensity and the amount of the staining intensity and positive cells .Results Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 proteins expressed in cytoplasm .Galectin‐3 showed strong expression in normal colorectal epi‐thelium but weak in UC inflammatory tissues ,and it was associated with different lesion degrees under endoscopy .The expressions of Bcl‐2 were weak in normal colorectal epithelium ,and it enhanced significantly in UC inflammatory tissues ,especially in inflamma‐tory cells of laminae propria ,and it was not associated with different lesion degrees under endoscopy .The expression of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 was not associated with the age ,sex of patients and the course of UC .Pearson correlation analysis showed that the posi‐tive expressions of Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 had no relevance .Conclusion Galectin‐3 and Bcl‐2 involved in the pathogenesis of UC . They may be able to used as markers of early diagnosis and prognosis in UC and may play the role in the pathogenesis of UC inde‐pendently .

Objective To investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on pericytes in the blood brain barrier at acute stage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice.Methods A total of 90 mice with a C57BL/6 background were randomly divided into sham group,TBI group,and TBI + bFGF group,with 30 rats per group.The models of moderate TBl were established using the controlled cortical impactor.After 24 hours,the changes of nerve function were evaluated by Garcia neurological score.Each mouse received an intraperitoneal injection of Evans blue dye for measuring the permeability of blood brain barrier.Western blot was used to test the related indices of pericytes after the cerebral cortex was quickly dissected:platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β),aminopeptidase N (CD13),desmin,neurogliocyte 2 (NG2),and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).Paraffin sections were prepared for HE staining and morphological changes were observed.Immunofluorescence assay was used to test the related indices of pericytes:PDGFR-β,CD13,and cell surface glycoprotein MUC18 (CD146).Results Garcia neurological score revealed that the score in TBI group was significantly decreased compared with that in sham group (P ＜ 0.01),but the score of TBI + bFGF group was significantly increased compared with that of TBI group (P ＜ 0.05).Permeability of blood brain barrier in TBI group was significantly increased compared with that in sham group (P ＜0.01),but in TBI + bFGF group this parameter significantly reduced compared with that in TBI group (P ＜ 0.01).Western blot analysis revealed that the expressions of PDGFR-β,CD13,desmin,NG2 proteins in TBI group were significantly decreased compared with those in sham group (P ＜0.05),while the expressions of PDGFR-β,CD13,desmin,NG2 proteins in TBI + bFGF group were significantly increased compared with those in TBI group (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining revealed injury of brain parenchyma in TBI group was the severest compared with both sham group and TBI + bFGF group.Immunofluorescence staining results revealed that the proteins expressions of PDGFR-β,CD13,and CD146 in TBI group were significantly decreased compared with those in sham group (all P ＜0.01),and those in TBI + bFGF group were significantly increased compared with those in TBI group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions bFGF can prevent pericyte death via protecting its proteins to conserve blood-brain barrier,bFGF can also significantly ameliorate the injury of brain parenchyma.

Objective To verify the feasibility and accuracy of the quantitative evaluation of the volume of internal abdominal hemorrhage based on CT images.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients diagnosed as abdominal hemorrhage or hemoperitoneum and performed with emergency surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital to Wenzhou Medical University from January 2009 to September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed by case-control study.The Noboru Oriuchi's formula was used to calculate the volume of abdominal hemorrhage based on CT images,and the results were compared and adjusted with the volume of actual abdominal hemorrhage recorded during the operation.SPSS 21.0 was used to statistically analyze the data.The linear regression was analyzed on the results measured by the two methods.Results The volume of abdominal hemorrhage measured by the CT calculation method ranged from 10 to 4 335 ml,while the corresponding volume measured by operational calculation method ranged from 200 ml to 4 490 ml.The absolute difference in the volume measured by these two methods ranged from 4.8 ml to 500 ml.The ratio of the absolute difference to the volume of abdominal hemorrhage by operational calculation method ranged from 0.2％ to 95.0％,the median of which was 4.5％ (2.8％,8.9％).When the exact volume of abdominal hemorrhage was ＜ 500 ml,the absolute difference in the exact volume ranged from 30.0％ to 95.0％,the median of which was 69.1％ (51.2％,78.6％).When the volume was less than 500 ml,the ratio ranged from 0.2％-13.6％,the median of which was 4.2％ (2.7％,6.4％).Analysis of the numbers of the two measuring methods with linear correlation method after eliminating the cases in which the bleeding volume was less than 500 ml showed that two methods presented a linear correlation (r =0.971,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion After the conventional abdominal CT scanning,the Noboru Oriuchi's formula can be used to accurately calculate the volume of abdominal hemorrhage in patients with volume of abdominal hemorrhage more than 500 ml.

Objective To investigate the effects of parenteral nutrition with ω-3 fatty acids on nutrition,inflammatory response,immunity and prognosis in criticallyill cancer patients.Methods 60 critically ill cancer patients were randomly divided into study group and the control group,30 cases each.All Patients were given isonitrogen and isocalorie enteral and parenteral nutrition for 2 weeks,which added ω-3 fatty acids in the study group by parenteral nutrition.The indicators of nutrition,inflammation,immune function were detected weekly.prognostic indicators (mortality,intensive care unit [ICU] length of stay,infectious complications) were compared.Results The indicators of nutrition,inflammatory reaction and immune function of study group were significantly improved than control group,and length of stay in ICU of study group was shorter than control group.There were less mortality and morbidity of infection complications in the study group compared with control group,but difference were not significant (P =0.13 and P=0.165).Conclusion ω-3 fatty acids supplementation of parenteral nutrition in critically ill cancer patients can improve nutritional status and immune function,reduce inflammatory response,shorten ICU length of stay,but not significantly improve ICU mortality and reduce infectious complications.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used to enhance the membrane translocation of various carriers for many years, but the non-specificity of CPPs seriously limits their utility in vivo. In this study, cholesterol-anchored, reduction-sensitive PEG (first synthesized by our laboratory) was applied to develop a co-modified liposome with improved tumor targeting. Following optimization of the formulation, the in vitro and in vivo properties of the co-modified liposome were evaluated. The co-modified liposome had a much lower cellular uptake and tumor spheroid uptake, but a much higher tumor accumulation compared to CPP-modified liposome, indicating the non-specific penetration of CPPs could be attenuated by the outer PEG coating. With the addition of exogenous reducing agent, both the in vitro and in vivo cellular uptake was markedly increased, demonstrating that the reduction-sensitive PEG coating achieved a controllable detachment from the surface of liposomes and did not affect the penetrating abilities of CPPs. The present results demonstrate that the combination of cholestervsitive PEG and CPPs is an ideal alternative for the application of CPP-modified carriers in vivo.