Objective:Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase(PARG) plays an important role in the inflammation via regulating Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) and AKT phosphorylation,but it is not clear that how it in tumour.The current study was desiged to study the relationship between PARG,PARP,NF-?B and AKT phosphorylation in colorectal carcinoma cell lines LOVO.Methods:Western blot was used to test the expression of PARG,PARP,NF-?B,AKT and PI-AKT473.Gallotannin(GLTN) was served as PARG inhibitor.Results:The expression of PARG,PARP and NF-?B in gallotannin-treated LOVO was weaker than that in the control groups(gallotannin-untreated groups)(P=0.0068,P

Objective To explore the effects of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) gene silencing on colon carcinoma lovo cells matrix adhesion,migration and invasion.Methods Lentivirus PARG-shRNA was transfected into colon carcinoma lovo cells and the lovo cell strain with PARG gene silencing perpetually was selected.Western blot was used to test the expression of PARG,poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) and NF-κB.The lovo cell matrix adhesion,migration and invasion potencies were observed by cell matrix adhesion,migration and invasion assay.Results The expression of PARP and NF-κB in experiment groups was weaker than that in the control groups (P＜0.05).PARG gene silencing of lovo cells decreased the cell matrix adhesion,migration and invasion potencies.The inhibitory rates of lovo cell matrix adhesion,migration and invasion were 25.22%,38.71%,35.29% respectively.Conclusion PARG gene silencing of lovo cells could inhibite cell matrix adhesion,migration and invasion potencies,which may relate to that PARG gene silencing and decreasing the activity of PARP and NF-κB.PARG probably plays an important role in the infiltration and metastasis of tumor.

Objective To investigate the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in glioma and its influence to intratumor infiltrating T lymphocyte apoptosis.Methods PD-L1 in 18 cases of normal brain tissues and 80 cases of glioma tissues treated in this hospital during 2007 to 2011 was determined by immunohistochemistry staining,meanwhile the PD-L1 expression in glioma infiltrating T lymphocyte was determined.The correlation analysis was performed.The apoptosis of intratumor infiltrating lymphocytes was examined by TUNEL assay;the peripheral blood activated T lymphocyte apoptosis promoted by PD-L1 was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results No expression of PD-L1 in normal brain tissues was observed,but the positive expression rate in glioma was 42.50 ％ (34/80),which was correlated with pathological grade,necrosis and prognosis(P＜0.05).PD-1 was expressed in part of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes and glioma tissues,moreover the lymphocyte apoptosis expression in the cases of PD-L1 positive glioma was significantly increased compared with that in the cases of PD-L1 negative glioma.The apoptosis rate of activated T lymphocytes was 42.55 ％ respectively,which was significantly higher than that in the blank group;however,adding anti-PD-1 for blocking the combining of PD-L1 with T lymphocyte,the lymphocytes apoptotic rate in the PD-L1+ anti-PD-1 group was dropped to 26.80％.Conclusion PD-L1has aberrantly high expression in human glioma and is combined with PD-1 to promote the apoptosis of lymphocyte.

Objective:To study the proportion and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) in gastric cancers showing an elevated serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP).Methods:A total of 724 resected gastric adenocarcinomas were collected from 2008 to 2018 at the 904 Hospital of Joint Service Support Force, and cases with pre-operative serum AFP >10 μg/L were screened. From the cases with elevated serum AFP, GAED cases were further evaluated based on morphology. Then the clincopathological features and immunohistochemical phenotypes of GAED were reviewed. In addition, the amplification of HER2 gene was detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). When overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of GAED were analyzed, 289 cases ordinary gastric adenocarcinoma with normal serum AFP were employed as a control. Results:The percentage of GAED was 44% (11/25) in gastric cancers with elevated serum AFP. GAED was histologically tubular or papillary with clear cytoplasm, and some GAED cases showed cystadenoid structure similar to embryo sac (5 cases), homogeneous eosinophilic granules (4 cases) and intragland ulareosinophilic material (6 cases). All 11 GAED cases had lymph node metastasis. Liver metastasis and vascular thrombus were observed in 2 cases and 5 cases respectively. GAED was immunohistochemically positive for CDX2 (11/11), CD10 (8/11) and MUC2(3/11), which were intestinal epithelium differentiation markers. Meanwhile, primitive markers SALL4 (8/11), GPC3 (7/11) and AFP (5/11) were also expressed in GAED, and HER2 gene amplification was found in 3 cases (3/11) of GAED. Lastly, the PFS of GAED were significantly shorter than that of the control group ( P=0.02), while OS was not statistically different between these two groups ( P=0.99). Conclusions:Patients with GAED usually have a higher rate of elevated serum AFP in gastric adenocarcinoma, and the cancer exhibites features of both intestinal and primitive differentiation. As GAED is highly invasive, the prognosis of GAED may be poor. For GAED, the diagnosis of well-differentiated or moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma should be avoided, because this diagnosis leads to underestimated malignant potential.