Objective To explore the relationship of ovulation outcome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and related factors.Methods Used Clomifene to induce ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome,and analyzed the effect of the success of ovulation induction in patients in the ovulation cycle,age,body mass index,base hormone levels,menstrual type,marital status and other factors influence the outcome of their ovulation.Results The influence of age to ovulation outcome in patients with pelycystic ovary syndrome was not significant (P＞0.05).And body mass index,base hormone levels,menstrual type,marital status was significant on the outcome of ovulation(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Clomifene ovulation induction outcome in patients with polycystie ovary syndrome and body mass index,base hormone levels,menstrual status type and other factors were related to marriage and child rearing.

Objective:To compare the efficacy, safety and economics of zhibituo and lovastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Methods:Searching medical references were done, The qualified results of clinical trials were Meta-analysed for evaluating the efficacy of zhibituo comparing with lovastatin. The characters of zhibituo and lovastatin were also compared through scoring by senior physicians. Results:The results of Meta-analysis showed that zhibituo had stronger effects on lowering TG and elevating HDL.It had less severe ADR for old people and cost less than lovastatin. The results of physicians-scoring records showed no significant difference between these two drugs. Conclusion:Zhibituo and lovastatin both are potential lipid-lowering agents. zhibituo is safer and more cost-effective for old people with mild to moderate elevated serum LDL level.

Objective To study dectin-1 mRNA expression in lung of different immune status mice infected with Aspergillusfumigatus, and to explore the influence of immunosuppressive agent on the expression of dectin-1 and its relationship with the progression of disease. Methods Mice were divided into four groups which were normal control, immuncompromised, immuncompromised with A.fumigatus inoculation and immuncompetent with A.fumigatus inoculation groups. We explored the kinetic mRNA expression of dectin-1 in lung of different groups by real-time quantitative PCR. Pulmonary fungal burden assessment was performed to reflect the progressing of disease during the experimental time course. Results On day 3 after inoculation, pulmonary fungal burden of the immuncompromised mice was higher than that of the immuncompetent group. On day 1 and 3, dectin-I mRNA expression in lung of the immuncompromised group was much lower than that of the normal control. On day 3, dectin-1 mRNA expression in lung of the immuncompetent mice infected with A.fumigatus was much higher than that of the immuncompromised with A.fumigatus inoculation and the normal control groups ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion During the infection, expression of dectin-1 in lung of the immuncompetent group was strikingly increased, which may play an important role on the defence to A.fumigatus invasion. Cyclophosphamide inhibited the expression of dectin-1 in lung of mice which may be one of the mechanisms of the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis development induced by eyclophosphamide.

Objective To investigate the value of Real-time PCR in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis(IA) and to compare it with galactomannan antigen assays.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 110 episodes of hospitalization of 88 patients who were at risk of invasive aspergillosis at Peking University First and Renmin Hospital from May 2008 to December 2010.23 cases with diagnosis and clinical diagnosis IA were classified as infection group and 87 cases with suspected diagnosis and non-IA were classified as non-infeciton group according to the international criterion.Real-time PCR and gaiactomannan antigen detections were performed on 257 serum samples.A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)was developed based on the quantitative cycle numbers and an optimal cut off value of quantification cycle (Cq) was determined.The sensitivity (Se),specificity (Sp),positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated under different considerations among which McNemar chi-square tests were used for statistical analyze.Results The area under ROC curve of Real-time PCR for the diagnosis of IA was 0.91 (95％ CI:0.825-0.995) and the optimal cut off value of Cq was 39.45.The Se and Sp of one positive PCR,two positive PCR,one positive GM and two positive GM were 87.0％,79.3％ ; 58.3％,97.8％ ; 78.3％,63.2％ ; and 58.3％,82.6％,respectively.When one positive PCR was considered as the diagnostic criterion of IA,Real-time PCR was able to diagnose 100％ and 84.2％ of proven and probable IA cases,respectively.The Sp of one/two positive PCR were statistically higher than one/two positive GM (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The Sp of two positive PCR was statistically higher than one positive PCR (P ＜0.05).The Se and Sp were 65.2％,89.7％ and 100％,52.3％ for one positive PCR combined one positive GM and one PCR or GM positive,respectively.Conclusions Real-time PCR assays have better sensitivities and specificities than GM in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis.When two PCR positive were considered,better specificity and positive predictive value were achieved.

Aim To investigate the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of combined low-dose cyclophosphamide(CTX)and recombined VEGF protein vaccine.Methods In this experiment,H22 hepatocellular carcinoma model was established in BALB/c mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group,CTX group(CTX),VEGF protein vaccine group(V2)and CTX plus V2 group(CTX+V2).The anti-tumor efficacy and antiangiogenic effect were investigated using a subcutaneous tumor model and an intradermal tumor model.Western blot and ELISAwere further adopted to detect the specific anti-VEGF antibody.Results CTX+V2 group displayed a lower tumor volume and tumor weight than either the single therapy group in the subcutaneous tumor model(P<005 vs V2,P<001 vs CTX).Meanwhile,CTX+V2 was more effective for antagonizing tumor-associated angiogenesis compared with either the single therapy(P<005 vs V2,P<001 vs CTX).After CTX+V2 immunization,high titer of anti-VEGF antibody was detected by ELISA and verified by Western blot.Conclusion The therapy of CTX combined with V2 has significant synergistic effect against H22 hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the possibility of hair follicle reformation induced by hair follicle bulb cells implanted into collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds in vivo, and to observe the angiogenesis in implanted scaffolds.Methods Hair follicle bulb cells obtained by enzyme digestion from the hack skin of C57BL/6J mice were implanted into collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds followed by 2-week organotypie culture.Then,these collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds were transplanted subcutaneously into the dorsal skin of nude mice.Those nude mice transplanted with empty collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds served as the controls.The growth of hair was observed with naked eyes.Six weeks after the transplantation,skin samples were obtained from the recipient site and subjected to histological examination.Results Five weeks after the transplantation,hair growth was observed in the dorsal skin of nude mice.Six weeks later,histological examination revealed fully differentiated hair follicles and vessel-like structures in the center of collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds.However,the transplantation with empty collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds failed to elicit the same response.No hair or follicles were observed in the control mice alpng with small number of vessel-1ike structures.Con-clusions Hair follicle bulb ceils implanted into collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds in vivo could induce hair follicle reformation and promote the formation of vessel-like structure in the scafffold center.

Since the introduction of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor sildenafil in 1998, there has been a fundamental change in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Sildenafil has already been used by over 20 million men in over 100 countries, with a death rate similar to that of general population. The success rate of sildenafil amounts to an average of over 80%, and sildenafil has become the first choice for patients with ED. The development of two new PDE-5 inhibitors, vardenafil and tadalafil, has added to the options for the treatment of ED. In this review, a comparison is made of the pharmcodynamics, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions between the three PDE-5 inhibitors to assess their efficacy and safety.
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; physiology ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Purines ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Sulfones

Ackerman's pattern analysis is an epoch-making leap in the diagnosis of dermatopathology,which embodies a profound understanding of the whole dermatovenereology.To improve the teaching quality of Dermatovenereology for five year clinical medical students,pattern analysis is introduced into course educational practice,and the diseases that scattered throughout the whole textbook and listed in various chapters or sections are reclassified according to its pathological features.Thus the organic connection of related knowledge points and the lateral contrast network between different diseases is constructed by the central tache of dermatopathology,and therefore makes the course more logical and be more beneficial for the undergraduate students to learn and to remember.By the way,the thinking method of pattern analysis will also be an implicit teaching content and imperceptibly instilled to the undergraduate students,and inspired potential and motivation and aroused learning interest,expanded thought train ability to pursue advanced and further studies.

Objective To investigate dermoscopic features of onychomycosis and nail psoriasis.Methods From March 2017 to March 2018,128 patients with onychomycosis and 128 with nail psoriasis were enrolled from Department of Dermatology,Xiangyang Central Hospital.Dermoscopic images of the lesional nails were compared.Enumeration data were analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.Results There were 7 kinds of dermoscopic patterns in onychomycosis,including jagged edge (69/128,53.91％),longitudinal striae (72/128,56.25％),cone-shaped keratosis (30/128,23.44％),nail plate thickening (21/128,16.41％),black dots (5/128,3.91％),onycholysis (26/128,20.31％),and nail discoloration (23/128,17.97％).The jagged edge and longitudinal striae occurred more frequently in distal/ lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) than in the other 3 clinical subtypes of onychomycosis (all P ＜ 0.001),and cone-shaped keratosis occurred more frequently in total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO) than in the other 3 clinical subtypes of onychomycosis (x2 =42.020,P ＜ 0.001).There were no significant differences in the prevalance of nail plate thickening,black dots,onycholysis and nail discoloration among the 4 clinical subtypes of onychomycosis (all P ＞ 0.05).There were 7 kinds of dermoscopic patterns in nail psoriasis,including pitting corrosion (61/128,47.66％),oil drop sign (41/128,32.03％),splinter hemorrhage (41/128,32.03％),dilated hyponychial capillaries (23/128,17.97％),nail plate thickening (20/128,15.63％),onycholysis (20/128,15.63％),and nail discoloration (13/128,10.16％).The oil drop sign occurred more frequently in psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis arthropathica than in the other 2 clinical subtypes of psoriasis (P =0.019).The dilated hyponychial capillaries occurred more frequently in pustular psoriasis than in the other 3 clinical subtypes of psoriasis (P =0.047).There were no significant differences in the prevalance of pitting corrosion,splinter haemorrhage,nail plate thickening and nail discoloration among the 4 clinical subtypes of psoriasis (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The dermoscopic features of onychomycosis include jagged edge,longitudinal striae,cone-shaped keratosis and black dots,and the dermoscopic features of nail psoriasis include pitting corrosion,oil drop sign,splinter haemorrhage and dilated hyponychial capillaries.Their common dermoscopic features include nail plate thickening,onycholysis and nail discoloration.