BACKGROUND: In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a hot spot in cancer because of their remarkable survival benefits on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) induced by ICIs have been frequently reported due to its specificity and severity. This article is to summarize and evaluate ir-AEs induced by ICIs. Hopefully it can provide guidance for advanced NSCLC patients treatment options, early recognition and management of ir-AEs. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) which involved ICIs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were retrieved in the Cochrane Libraby, PubMed, EMBASE and other databases. The primary outcome includes the incidence, grade and organ specificity of ir-AEs. Relative risk (RR) was used as the effect size, which was expressed as 95% confidence interval (CI). The Stata 15.0 and RevMan 5.3 software are used to conduct the meta analysis. RESULTS: A total of 17 RCTs were included. The ir-AEs were generally more than those in the traditional chemotherapy group. The risk and severity of ir-AEs induced by ICIs combined group were generally higher than that of ICI monotherapy, while the incidence of severe ir-AEs induced by ICIs combination therapy was similar to that of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-asscociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) group. CONCLUSIONS ICIs have different toxicity profile compared with chemotherapy, and their immune-related toxicity is stronger than that of traditional chemotherapy. ICIs induced ir-AEs is organ-specific, and different ICI has specific immune-related toxicity profiles. As ICIs represent a new and distinct class of treatment for NSCLC, this article has systematically illustrated the efficacy and ir-AEs induced by ICIs, hopefully it can be useful for clinicians and patients to get a further understanding of ICIs, and facilitate early prediction, comprehensive diagnosis, and prompt management of ir-AEs by providing status reference and management suggestions, so that ICI can bring more benefit for advanced NSCLC patients.