Objective:To research the risk factors of developing Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).Methods:Among 427 students in an elementary school in Changsha, we screened out thirty-four children with ODD by the criteria of DSM-IV. They and other thirty-four normal children from the same school were included in the case-control study. Education levels, jobs and Cartel 16 Personality Factors (16PF) were filled out by their parents. Combined Raven's Test (CRT) was used to evaluate children's intelligence.Results:The prevalence rate of ODD in children increased with the decrease of their father's and mother's education level (for father's education level form advanced education, secondary education to primary, the rate increased from 6.6%,7.2% to 12.0%) and (for mother, 5.3%,7.5%,10.6%). The rate of ODD was highest in children with father and mother doing small business (16.7% and 16.5%, ?~2=12.67～12.68,P

Objective To assess the clinical value of high frequency ultrasound diagnosis for little bone fracture of ankle. Methods Thirty-seven ankle wound patients with negative X-ray examination underwent high frequency ultrasound. The second X-ray examination was performed on patients with hinted little bone fracture of ankle, and then CT/MR examination was performed on patients whose second X-ray examination was negative. The consequence of the second X-ray examination was counted and the sonographic features were analyzed. Results ①Little fracture of fibula (lateral malleolus) was in 16, of tibia (medial malleolus) in 12, of talus in 2, of scaphoid bone in 4, of metatarsale in 2 and of calcaneus in one patients. ②The second X-ray examination was positive in 26 patients (26/37, 70.27%), indicating that the detection rate of the second X-ray is higher than that of the first X-ray. ③Sonographic features of little bone fracture of ankle included incomplete bone surface of bone was rough and soft tissue swelling and thickening. No malposition of bone fracture was found. Conclusion High frequency ultrasound is supplementary for X-ray examination, being able to possess important clinical priority in the diagnosis of little bone fracture.

Objeetive To investigate the changes of kidney cortex hemoperfusion before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and time-intensity curve.Methods Thirty patients of renal calculi were treated with ESWL and examined with CEUS before and after ESWL.Renal cortex blood perfusion parameters of the lithotriptic areas,including the contrast agent arrival time (AT) ,time to peak (TTP) .peak intensity (PI) and velocity parameters (β) were quantitatively measured with ACQ software.Results The value of AT,TTP and β were not significantly different before and after ESWL (P＞0.05) .PI value after ESWL was lower than that before ESWL (P＜0.05) . Conclusion CEUS can quantitatively evaluate the changes of kidney cortex hemoperfusion after ESWL,and reflect the minor renal damage resulted from ESWL.CEUS can be used as a new method of observing and evaluating the renal damage caused by ESWL.

Objective To investigate the optimal therapy for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure induced by hepatitis B.Methods A total of 302 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure induced by hepatitis B in the Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Fujian Medical University were enrolled during January 2008 to January 2010.Patients were divided into group A ( medical treatment,n =57 ),group B (medical + antiviral treatment,n =80),group C ( medical + antiviral + artificial liver support system (ALSS),n =124) and group D (medical + antiviral + ALSS + traditional Chinese medicine treatment,n =41 ).Liver and renal function,prothrombin activity (PTA) and HBV DNA load were observed at the baseline,week 1,4,8,12 and the end of the treatment.All groups were followed up for 48 weeks to observe the survival rates.Kruskal-Willis H test was used to compare the efficacies in four groups,and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for survival analysis. Results There was no difference among four groups in curative effects at week 4 ( H =3.213,P =0.360 ),but there was significant difference at week 12 (H =8.722,P =0.033).The one-year mortality rates for groups A,B,C,D were 36.84％ (21/57),32.50％ (26/80),26.61％ (33/124) and 24.39％ ( 10/41 ),respectively.The death risks of group C and D were 0.566 and 0.396 times of that in group B ( P =0.036 and 0.016).Conclusion Nucleoside analogue and ALSS plus medical treatment can effectively increase the survival rates of the patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure induced by hepatitis B.

Objective Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the solution-focused brief therapy on im-proving the anxiety and depression status of patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods Computer search of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,China Na-tional Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,CQVIP were conducted,and the search time frame was from the establishment of databases until April 9,2023.There were 2 investigators who independently screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data and performed quality evaluation,and performed Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software.Results A total of 11 publications were included,including 9 randomized controlled trials and 2 quasi-experimental studies,with a total of 1 219 patients with HIV/AIDS.Meta-analysis re-sults showed that solution-focused brief therapy reduced anxiety scores(SMD=-1.89;95%CI:-2.79～-0.99,P＜0.001),depression scores(SMD=-2.45;95%CI:-3.51～-1.39,P＜0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that improved anxiety(SMD=-4.16;95%CI:-7.97～-0.35,P＜0.001),depression(SMD=-5.69;95%CI:-11.20～-0.19,P＜0.001)in pregnant HIV/AIDS patients was significantly better than that in ordinary patients.Conclusion Solution-focused brief therapy is effective in improving anxiety and depression levels in patients with HIV/AIDS,and the application of this model in pregnant patients with HIV/AIDS has a more significant improvement effect,but high-quality,multicenter,large-sample clinical trial studies are needed to further confirm this conclusion in the future.

Adult ; Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; East Asian People ; Hypertension ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Ethnicity