Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive impairment and its influence factors in first-epi?sode depression patients with sleep disorder. Methods Three hundred and eighteen patients with first-episode depres?sion and two hundreds and forty-three healthy controls were recruited. The patients were divided into two group accord?ing to the sleeping situation: 202 patients with sleep disorder and 116 patients without. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to evaluated the cognitive function of all subjects, including immediate memory, visual span, speech function, attention and delayed memory. The 17 item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) was used to evaluate patients’symptoms. Results The scores of immediate memory, visual span, speech function, delayed memory and the whole scale in the depression patients with sleep disorder were significantly lower than the patients without sleep disorder and the controls (P<0.05). Compared with the controls, the patients without sleep disor?der had lower scores of immediate memory, language function, delayed memory and the whole scale (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that in the depression patients with sleep disorder, the RBANS score was related with the cogni?tive factors in HAMD (β=6.29, P=0.04);immediate memory was related with age (β=-0.24, P=0.04);visual span was re?lated with sleeping factor in HAMD (β=2.33, P=0.01);speech function was related with marriage (β=-5.74, P=0.01) and sleeping factor in HAMD (β=-1.20, P=0.03). In the depression patients with sleep disorder, speech function of RBANS was related with age (β=-0.32, P=0.04);attention was related with retardation factor in HAMD (β=2.52, P=0.01). Con?clusion The first-episode depression patients with sleep disorders have cognitive function damage in many aspects. The depressive symptoms (sleep changes, cognitive disorders, retardation and so on), age and marital status may be the influ?encing factors on cognitive impairment in first-episode depression patients with sleep disorder.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HEMO-FISS-QoL(HF-QoL) questionnaire (HF-QoL-C) in the Chinese population with hemorrhoids.Methods:From November 2021 to November 2022, a self-constructed general information questionnaire, HF-QoL-C, and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Goligher classification, and Giordano severity of hemorrhoid symptom questionnaire (GSQ) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 760 hemorrhoid patients in the anorectal department of six hospitals. The data was analyzed for reliability and validity using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 software.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of HF-QoL-C and its dimension ranged from 0.831 to 0.960, and the split coefficient was 0.832-0.915. Four common factors were extracted through principal component exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity( χ2/ df=8.152, RSMEA=0.097, CFI=0.881, IFI=0.881, NFI=0.867). HF-QoL-C was correlated with SF36 and GSQ( r=-0.694, 0.501, both P<0.01). There were differences in the total score and dimensional scores of HF-QoL-C between surgical and drug treated patients, different grades of Goligher classification for hemorrhoidal disease, and different ranges of hemorrhoid prolapse (all P<0.001). No ceiling effect was found in the total score and the scores of each dimension(0.3%-2.0%). There was a floor effect in both psychological function and sexual activity dimensions (16.7%, 35.1%). Conclusion:HF-QoL-C has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the quality of life of Chinese hemorrhoid patients.