Objective: To investigate the effects of acetabular coverage on the initial stability of the cup during total hip arthroplasty in developmental dysplasia of hip. Methods: There were 50 fourth-generation synthetic hemi-pelvises. The different cup coverage rate (100% group, 70% group, 60% group, 50% group, 40% group) was created in pelvis with 10 specimens per group. The synthetic hemi-pelvis was fixed rigidly to a customized fixture which was placed on the testing table of the material testing machine. Pull-out and torque test were conducted by computer-control in torsion testing machine. Results: In the acetabular cup pull-out test, the average pull-out force for mode of failure in 100%, 70%, 60%, 50%, and 40% group was 1 560.4±438.7, 1 467.2±349.8, 1 137.8±427.4, 737.4±134.8, 506.6±119.0 N, respectively. The pull-out force was reduced gradually. The pull-out force in 100% group was significantly higher than that in 50% (P=0.004) and 40% (P=0.001) group. The pull-out force in 70% group was significantly higher than that in 50% group (P=0.002) and 40% group (P=0.000). The force in 40% group was significantly lower than that in 60% group (P=0.013) and 50% group (P=0.021). In the acetabular cup torque test, the average torque for mode of failure in 100%, 70%, 60%, 50%, and 40% group was 28.0±3.7, 17.0±2.2, 9.4±1.1, 7.6±1.1, 6.4±1.1 N·m, respectively. The torque was reduced gradually. The torque in 100% group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between 50% and 40% group (P>0.05). The torque in other groups were similar (P>0.05). Conclusion The present biomechanical study showed that different acetabular cup coverage rate affected the initial stability of the cup. The highest initial stability was observed in the cup with a 100% of cup coverage rate. The cup could not obtain 100% coverage when with acetabular rim defect. We should try our best to make the cup coverage reach to 70%. The 70% coverage rate has sufficient initial stability to meet daily activities without increasing the cup loosening rate.

Objective Using meta-analysis method to compare the effect of liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies on the prognosis of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery,and to provide evidence for evidence-based medicine.Methods By using the Cochrane system evaluation method,the database of Chinese and foreign countries,Chinese biomedical literature database,Chinese journal full-text database and so on were searched by computer.To search the literature from 1970 to 2018,and to collect clinical randomized controlled trials on blood transfusion strategy and prognosis in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.According to the evaluation method of Cochrane system,the effective data extracted is analyzed by meta with RevMan5.3 software.Results A total of 2 863 patients were included in 9 studies.Meta-analysis results showed that the death toll on 30 days after operation (RR value:1.02,95 ％ CI:0.79-1.32,I2 =2％,P =0.86),acute renal damage,infection,acute renal injury,pulmonary complications and hospital stay time were no statistical difference,but ICU retention time(RR value:-33.35,95％ CI:-61.7-1.01,I2 =38％,P =0.04) in the restrictive transfusion policy group was significantly lower than that of liberal blood transfusion strategy group.Conclusion The use of liberal or restrictive blood transfusion strategy in adult cardiac surgery has no significant impact on the prognosis and complications,but it can reduce the retention time of ICU after operation and significantly reduce the use of blood products and medical costs.

Objective This study explored two methods of predicting the initial dose of heparin by heparin dose response curve(HDR)and in vitro heparin concentration progressive(HCP),and evaluated the predictive value of HCP for precise heparin dosage in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Method Include 18-65 years old undergoing elective cardiac surgery patients,Before the start of the surgery internal jugular vein blood was taken in-to the HCP(2.5 mg/kg,3.0 mg/kg)test;The first injection of heparin 2 mg/kg via the internal jugular vein, then every 5 minutes each additional heparin 0.5 mg/kg to amount to 2.5 mg/kg,3.0 mg/kg,and measurement ACT and until ACT value≥480 s;According to HDR calculated per patient 2.5,3.0 mg/kg of ACT value;Respective-ly according to the HCP and HDR ACT values obtained by two methods with the actual measured by the correspond-ing value in the body. Results Comparing the ACT values measured by HDR and HCP with the corresponding ACT values in vivo:There are good similarity for heparinization ACT value between HCP and the actual body corresponding concentrations(r was 0.62 and 0.74,respectively),P<0.05;HDR results also have better similar-ity(r was 0.66 and 0.54,respectively),P < 0.05;However,HDR and HCP compared with the actual results in vivo found that in vitro HCP prediction results especially 3.0 mg/kg is more similar with the actual values.Conclu-sions HCP for predicting heparin dosage to meet extracorporeal circulation is more accurate.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between antithrombin Ⅲ(ATⅢ)genetic pol-ymorphism and individual variation in anticoagulant effect of heparin in the patients of different nationalities. Methods Sixty patients of Uighur nationality and 60 patients of Han nationality, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 21-25 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ, undergo-ing elective cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, were divided into Uighur group and Han group, respectively. ATⅢ gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction(A∕G was heterozygous, A∕A and G∕G were homozygous). Heparin sodium was intravenously injected at 5 min before the start of cardiopulmonary bypass with an amount of ACT≥480 s. The amount of heparin and protamine, intraoper-ative blood transfusion and postoperative 24 h drainage(pericardium, mediastinum∕thoracic cavity)were recorded. Activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were measured at 10 min before opera-tion and 24 h after operation. Results Compared with Han group, the amount of heparin, ratio of prota-mine to heparin for heparin neutralization and requirement for intraoperative blood transfusion were signifi-cantly decreased, the postoperative drainage volume was decreased, activated partial thromboplastin time was shortened at 24 h after operation, the frequency of A∕A genotype was increased and the frequency of G∕G genotype was decreased at ATⅢ gene single-nucleotide polymorphism sites rs5877 and rs5878, and the minimum allele(A>G)frequency was increased in Uighur group(P<0.05). Conclusion ATⅢ gene polymorphism may be one of the mechanisms underlying individual variation in anticoagulant effect of hepa-rin between the patients of Uighur nationality and Han nationality.

BACKGROUND:Artificial intelligence planning system can automatically establish a three-dimensional model and generate planning schemes,but its accuracy in predicting the prosthesis size has not been fully verified. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the accuracy of artificial intelligence planning system in predicting prosthesis size before total hip arthroplasty and its influence on clinical prognosis,and further analyze the risk factors affecting the accuracy of planning. METHODS:Clinical data of patients with unilateral initial total hip arthroplasty who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022 were prospectively collected.The patients were randomly divided into the artificial intelligence planning system group(n=80)and the conventional template group(n=79).Intraoperative use of prostheses and preoperative planning of prosthesis matching were compared between the two groups.Postoperative follow-up Harris scores and the occurrence of complications such as leg length discrepancy,dislocation and prosthesis loosening were recorded in both groups.The effects of demographic indicators,preoperative diagnosis,and Dorr typing on the accuracy of femoral stem planning were explored using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The prediction of the prosthesis size on the acetabular side and femoral side was 50%(40/80)and 55%(44/80)in the artificial intelligence planning system group,compared to 34%(27/79)and 37%(29/79)in the conventional template group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(2)The artificial intelligence planning system group had an accuracy rate within one size difference for the acetabular and femoral side prostheses of 91%(73/80)and 86%(69/80),compared to 82%(65/79)and 72%(58/79)in the conventional template group,with differences statistically different only on the femoral side(P＜0.05).(3)No dislocation or prosthesis loosening occurred in the two groups during postoperative follow-up.The difference in lower limb length between the artificial intelligence planning system and conventional template groups was(3.56±2.32)mm and(3.52±2.41)mm.At the last follow-up,the Harris scores of the artificial intelligence planning system and conventional template groups were(92.74±3.08)and(91.81±3.52),respectively;there was no significant difference in the above differences(P＞0.05).(4)Univariate analysis results showed that preoperative diagnosis as developmental dysplasia of the hip and osteonecrosis of the femoral head,and Dorr type B and C femurs had a significant effect on the accuracy of predicted prosthesis size using an artificial intelligence planning system(P＜0.05).(5)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip(OR=18.233,95%CI:2.662-124.888)was an independent risk factor for the prediction of femoral stem size by artificial intelligence planning system.(6)The artificial intelligence planning system has a higher accuracy in predicting prosthetic size than traditional two-dimensional templates,and there is not a significant difference in the risk of postoperative complications or joint function.The accuracy of the artificial intelligence planning system in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip was low due to anatomical deformities and acetabular anatomical position reconstruction.

Objective:To construct the pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 prokaryotic expression plasmid and induce the expression of EgG1Y162-2 protein, so as to provide a research basis for development of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine. Methods:Using Echinococcus granulosus cDNA as a template, the target gene of EgG1Y162-2 was synthesized by PCR, and after digestion with restriction enzymes EcoRⅠ and Hind Ⅲ, it was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a to construct the recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent cell BL21 (DE3) and induced by isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) to express a large number of proteins. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The purification level was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the expression product was identified by Western blotting. Results:The recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 was successfully constructed. After inducting expression, the bacterial supernatant and the eluate were both at a relative molecular weight of about 15 × 10 3, and the protein antigen component eluted with 200 mmol/L imidazole was relatively pure. Western blotting results showed that the purified recombinant protein EgG1Y162-2 with His tag could be recognized by His monoclonal antibody. Conclusion:The pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 prokaryotic expression plasmid of Echinococcus granulosus is successfully constructed, and the recombinant protein of EgG1Y162-2 is induced to express, laying a foundation for further study on anti- Echinococcus granulosus vaccine.

Objective:To investigate Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) infection status and interfamilial transmission pattern in Zhengzhou area. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to march 2021, among 731 individual from 266 families randomly selected from 9 communities of Zhengzhou area. H. pylori infection status was determined by serum antibody tests, and 13C-urea breath test was performed in the previously eradicated population to clarify the current infection status. The individual and familial infection rate, infection status for couples and children and adolescent were analyzed. Results:Among 731 individuals from 266 families, 397 of them were H. pylori positive. The individual infection rate was 54.31% (397/731); among infected individuals 77.83% (307/397) were infected with type Ⅰ strain, 22.67% (90/397) were infected by type Ⅱ strain. Annual household income ( χ2=0.419, 0.410, 0.213, all P>0.05), smoking history (χ 2=0.071, P>0.05), drinking history ( χ2=0.071, P>0.05), dining place ( χ2=0.009, P>0.05), gastrointestinal symptoms ( χ2=0.047, P>0.05), family history of gastric disease ( χ2=0.069, P>0.05), and history of gastric cancer ( χ2=0.004, P>0.05) had no significant differences between H. pylori-positive and -negative groups, but the infection rate in individuals with higher education level was lower ( χ2=4.449, P<0.05). The infection rate was significantly higher in≥18 age groups compared with<18 age groups ( χ2=6.531, 23.362, 20.671, 24.244, 37.948, 14.597 and 5.170, all P<0.05). The familial H. pylori infection rate was 87.59% (233/266), and in 61 families all member were infected (26.18%, 61/233). The positive rate was 23.08% (6/26) in 50 families with children under 18 years when both parents were infected. Among 231 coupled families, both couples were infected in 78 families (33.76%), one couple was infected in 113 families (48.92%), and both couples were not infected in 40 (17.32%). With the increase of marriage time, the infection rate of both spouses increased significantly ( χ2=7.775, 12.662, 15.487, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The distribution of H. pylori infection presents a family cluster pattern, and intrafamilial infection is an important transmission rout of H. pylori. The type I strain of H. pylori is the dominate strain in this area.