Objective To investigate the immune protective effect of recombinant growth hormone on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) patients with typeⅡin respiratory failure during the application of ventilator.Methods 52 patients with COPD with respiratory failure in Taizhou City Hospital from July 2014 to November 2015 in this study who were treated with ventilator therapy were divided into two groups.The control group received routine treatment, and the treatment group received more with recombinant growth hormone 8 U/d subcutaneous injected.Before and after treatment 14 days,determination of nutritional indicators,immune function,inflammatory markers and indicators of oxidative stress.Results Compared with before treatment,levels of total protein,albumin,transferrin and fibronectin in 2 groups after treatment increased,levels of IgM,IgG,CD4 +,CD8 +and CD4 +/CD8 +increased,levels of TNF-α,IL-8 and CRP decreased,levels of MDA,GSH and TAO decreased,levels of SOD increased(P<0.05), compared with the control group,levels of total protein,albumin,transferrin and fibronectin in the treatment group were higher,levels of IgM,IgG,CD4 +, CD8 +and CD4 +/CD8 +were higher,levels of TNF-α,IL-8 and CRP were lower,levels of MDA,GSH and TAO were lower,levels of SOD were higher (P<0.05).Conclusion Recombinant growth hormone has immune function protective effect on the COPD patients with type II respiratory failure in the process of breathing machine, which can improve the nutritional index and reduce the inflammatory reaction.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is the most promising tissue engineering seed cells because of their strong proliferation and passage ability, multi-directional differentiation potential, as well as no ethical problems and no rejection.OBJECTIVE: To review the recent advances in the directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by various conditions METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI, PubMed, Wanfang databases for relevant articles published from January 2001 to September 2016. The keywords were bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs, directional differentiation in Chinese and English, respectively. Literature addressing experimental research and review were selected, and finally 48 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be induced in vitro to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and nerve cells by cytokines, chemical drugs, Chinese herbs and extracts, physical stimulation. To establish feasible induction conditions in vitro and improve cell induction efficiency is the basis for the clinical application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To investigate the value of echocardiography for assessing the right ventricular function before and af ter treatment in the patients with pulmonary embolism.Methods Ninety-six patients with pulmonary embolism in our hospital from June 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the research subjects and divided into low-risk group,intermediate-risk group and high-risk group according to the disease severity.The echocardiographic examination was performed before and after treatment in all cases.Results The pulmonary artery systolic pressure after treatment in the low-risk group was lower than that before treatment (P＜0.05).The transverse diameter of right ventricle,transverse diameter of right ventricle and pulmonary artery systolic pressure after treatment in the intermediate-risk group and high-risk group were lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05).The Tei index after treatment in the low-risk group,intermediate-risk group and high-risk group was lower than that before treatment (P＜ 0.05).The right ventricle ejection fraction (RVEF),right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) and right ventricular end-dias tolic volume (RVEDV) in the low-risk group had no statistically significant difference between before and after treatment.RVEF after treatment in the intermediate-risk group and high-risk group was higher than that before treatment(P＜0.05),while RVESV and RVEDV after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion Echocardiography can objectively re flect the change situation of right heart function before and after treatment in the patients with pulmonary embolism,and can be used as an evaluation method for the effect of pulmonary embolism treatment.

Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis of Reye syndrome and the characteristics of primary carnitine deficiency,and to provide diagnostic strategy for similar cases.Methods There was a case presented with fever,poor response,convulsions and hepatomegaly hospitalized in Wuhan Children's Hospital,and the clinical manifestations were described,the physical examination was comprehensively conducted,the auxiliary examination results were recorded,some pediatric specialists from ICU,neurology department,genetic metabolic department,digestive system department were invited to discuss the case.The treatment was adjusted according to the suggested opinions;the treatment effects and the final diagnosis were tracked.Results The primary diagnosis of the case was central nervous system infection or toxic encephalopathy at the time of admission,but Reye syndrome could not be excluded.Although the cerebrospinal fluid test and brain MRI examination detected nothing abnormal,liver function suggested alanine aminotrans ferase ALT increase,blood sugar decrease,the liver volume increase,which was detected by liver ultrasound.Blood amino acids examination revealed the carnitine level decreased,and it was confirmed as primary carnitine deficiency in the end.L-carnitine was used to treat the disease,and its effect was good.Conclusions Great importance should be attached to children with onset age,physical check-up,and multidisciplinary cooperation.Use monism to explain the illness and the auxiliary inspection as far as possible,so that it can get early diagnosis and treatment,and the outcome is good.

Objective To make a comparison between noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) and invasive blood pressure (IBP). Method Totally 450 patients undergoing selective surgery received radial artery or dorsalispedis artery puncture and catheter under local anesthesia to figure out the difference between NIBP and IBP. Results The systolic blood pressure difference of IBP from different positions and NIBP were as follows:left radial artery group (18.20 ± 0.67, 15.27 ± 0.62) mmHg, right radial artery group (18.54 ± 0.79, 14.68 ± 0.77) mmHg, left foot dorsal artery group (41.98 ± 2.26, 40.54 ± 1.77) mmHg and right foot dorsal artery group (37.57 ± 0.01, 37.93 ± 2.90) mmHg. The noninvasive systolic blood pressure difference between left and right arms was (2.84 ± 0.45) mmHg, the noninvasive diastolic blood pressure difference (3.19 ± 0.34) mmHg, and the noninvasive mean blood pressure difference (2.85 ± 0.35) mmHg. The NIBP of right arm was higher than that of left arm. Conclusions IBP is higher than NIBP, and the invasive artery systolic blood pressure is about 20mmHg higher than noninvasive systolic blood pressure. Meanwhile we confirm that systolic blood pressure gradually rises over 30 years old, and diastolic blood pressure increases while gradually declines after 50.

Objective To measure the effect of one-stage transplantation of reverse-flow vascular pedicle fibular grafts in treatment of infected nonunion of the distal tibia.Methods From January 2001 to December 2012,23 patients sustaining the infected nonunion of the distal tibia were transplanted with reverse-flow vascular pedicled fibular grafts in one-stage.There were 13 males and 10 females,aged 26 to 59 years (mean,38.7 years).Tibial nounion based on the Jain-Sinha classification was rated as Type A in 6 patients and Type B in 17 patients.After the operation,the patients received 2-3 weeks of intravenous antibiotic treatment and then 4-week oral antibiotic therapy.Wound healing,limb and ankle joint fucntion and outcomes in fibular transplantation were observed.Results Duration of follow-up was 16-46 months (mean,28.6 months).There were no exudates and ulcerations of the skins.Smooth healing was achieved in all the patients except that fibular fracture was noted in one patient healed after cast immobilization.Healing time ranged from 12 to 28 weeks (mean,15.6 weeks).Limb function evaluated with Ennecking system had (87 ± 11) ％ restoration.According the Olerud-Molander scoring system,ankle function was excellent in 16 patients and good in 7 patients,with the excellent-good rate of 100％.Conclusion One-stage reverse-flow vascular pedicle fibular grafting is an optional procedure for treatment of infected nonunion of the distal tibia,due to the technique is easy and effective.

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Objective To investigate molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from the stool samples of children with diarrhea. Methods Seventy-two isolates of Salmonella spp. were collected from children with diarrhea. The serum type of Salmonella spp.was determined by serology agglutinating method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by K-B disk diffusion method and MICs of cefotaxime and ceftazidime were measured by agar dilution method for Salmonella spp. isolates. PCR and DNA sequencing were used for detecting ESBL, ISEcpl and AmpC genes; The transfer of cefotaxime resistance was determined by conjugation experiments. PFGE was performed for determining the homogeneity of the S. typhimurium isolates. Results A total of 72 isolates of Salmonella spp. were collected, among which S. typhimurium accounted for 86 % (62/72) and was the main serum type. S. typhimurium isolates and S. thompson isolates were often resistant to most of clinically used antimicrobial agents. Resistance of S. thompson isolates to ampicillin was the highest (90%, 56/62),followed by tetracycline (81%, 50/62), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (74%, 46/62) and chloramphenicol (66%, 41/62). Seventeen S. typhimurium isolates (27%, 17/62) and two S. thompson isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. Forty-nine S. typhimurium isolates and two S. thompson isolates were positive for blaTEB-1b and resistant to ampicillin. Thirteen ESBL-producing S. typhimurium isolates (21%, 13/62) were positive for blaCTX-M (eight for blaCTX-M-14, three for blaCTX-M-15, one for blaCTX-M-55, one for both blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-55). All isolates harboring blaCTX-M genes were positive for upstream insert sequence ISEcpl. blaDHA-1was detected in a cefoxitin-resistant S. thompson isolate. Two main clones (PFGE type A and D) accounting for 19% (12/62) and 50% (31/62) respectively were found among 62 S. typhimurium isolates. Seven CTXM-producing isolates belonged to PFGE type D. Conclusions The multi-resistance to antimicrobial agents and high prevalence of blaCTX-M genes are found among S. typhimurium and S. thompson clinical isolates. blaCTX-M-55 is first found in S. typhimurium isolates and blaDHA-1 is found in S. thompson isolates. Clonal spread is responsible for the dissemination of S. typhimurium isolates.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the mutation of ERG11 gene,a target of azole antifungal drugs (fluconazole,itraconazole,voriconazole),and azole-resistance in Candida albicans isolates from patients with AIDS.Methods Ninety-three Candida albicans strains were isolated from patients with AIDS.DNA was extracted from these isolates,and ERG11 gene was amplified by PCR followed by bidirectional sequencing.DNAman software was used to compare the resultant sequence with the reference sequence of ERG11 gene (GenBank accession no.X13296).Then,different base sequences were translated into amino acid sequences to determine whether missense mutations occured.Results A total of 40 mutation sites were identified in these isolates,including 27 silent mutations and 13 missense mutations.One or no missense mutation was detected in Candida albicans strains resistant to 1 antifungal agent,while those resistant to 2 or 3 antifungal agents simultaneously harbored 2 or 3 missense mutations.Conclusion The missense mutations in ERG11 gene are probably connected with azole resistance in Candida albicans.

Objective: To investigate abnormal spinal curvature among primary and secondary school students in Sichuan Province, so as to provide evidence for scientific prevention. Methods: Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 210 713 students of grade 4 to grade 12 from 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan Province were selected for spinal curvature screening and questionnaire survey from September to November 2022. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature. Results: The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature was 3.42%, with urban areas (4.54%) higher than that in suburban areas(2.57%), girls (3.86%) higher than that in boys(2.98%), high school students (4.70%) higher than that in middle school students (3.80%) and elementary school students(2.21%), the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=606.96, 123.81, 645.24, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area, junior and senior high school, girl, carrying backpack on one shoulder, desks and chairs adjusted for student height less than ≤1 time every school year, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity less than 1 h per week, and indoors sedentary time more than 10 h/d were positively associated with abnormal spinal curvature ( OR=1.72, 1.75, 1.87, 1.26, 1.09, 1.07, 1.10, 1.25 , P <0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature of primary and secondary school students may be affected by the urbanicity, educational stage as well as gender in Sichuan Province. More attention should be paid to urban high school girls, and targeted strategies should be explored to reduce the incidence of abnormal spinal curvature.