Objective To investigate maternal risk factors for fetal congenital heart diseases (CHD). Methods A case-control study was conducted on 16 645 pregnant women who underwent cardiovascular malformation screening for fetal cardiovascular system,whose pregnancy outcomes were recorded,and whose newborns were scanned by an echocardiography in Peking University People's Hospital,Haidian,Changping,Mentougou and Daxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Nov.2006 to Oct.2009.One hundred and twelve pregnant women whose babies were found to be CHD (40 severe CHD and 72 simple CHD) before or after delivery were taken as study group.Women in control group (n =304) were randomly selected from those pregnant women who had infants without CHD.Logistic regression analysis and x2 test were used to analyze the maternal risk factors for fetal CHD. Results (1) The average age of women whose infants had severe CHD was 28.3 years (21-40 years),and it was 29.9 years (22-39 years) for women whose infants had simple CHD.There were no significant differences between the control group (29.5 years,20-44 years) and the above two groups (t=1.511 and -0.826,P=0.138 and 0.410 respectively).(2) Single factor analysis:during first trimester,the rate of upper respiratory infection (18/39,46.2 ％) and exposure to certain chemicals (13/40,32.5％) of severe CHD group were higher than those of control group [(14.9％ (45/303) and 2.0％ (6/304)] (x2 =22.399 and 62.678,OR=4.895 and 23.753,95％CI:2.419-9.905 and 8.358-67.506,P =0.000 respectively).Compared with control group (0.0％,0/304),the rate of pregnant women with CHD family history in simple CHD group was significantly higher (4.2％,3/72)(Fisher exact test,P=0.007).(3) Logistic regression analysis:maternal upper respiratory infections (OR =5.120,95％CI:2.340-11.206,P =0.000) and exposure to certain chemicals (f)R=23.030,95％CI:7.506-70.665,P=0.000) during first trimester were risk factors for fetal severe CHD. Conclusions Upper respiratory infection and exposure to certain chemicals during first trimester might play important roles in the occurrence of fetal severe CHD.Maternal family history of CHD might associate with fetal simple CHD.

Objective: To study the clinical features and treatment of children with influenza, and provide evidence for clinical screening and appropriate treatment timely. Methods: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory features and drug therapy of 978 pediatric patients with influenza in Beijing New Century International Children's Hospital in 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among the 978 pediatric patients with influenza, 90.8%were outpatients, while 9.92% were inpatients. The incidence was the highest in winter (85.28%). The age of most cases ranged from 1 to 5 years (57.16%). The cases with type A influenza accounted for 81.29%. High fever (99.59%) and cough (85.89%) were the two main symptoms. The average count of WBC was 6.86±2.68×10⁹/L, lymphocyte percentage was lower than the proportion of neutrophils. CRP was normal (66.16%) or slightly-increased (19.00± 15.12 mg/l). Compared with type A influenza, digestive tract symptoms were more common in cases with type B (P=0.000). Analysis of 97 hospitalized cases: the main diagnosis was lower respiratory tract infection (71.13%). Nearly 23.71% cases had been detected to have combined infection with other pathogenic agents. Course of fever in cases who started taking oseltamivir after fever of 48 hours was significantly longer than those who took within 48 hours (P=0.000). Seven severe pneumonia cases were mainly in young children, cases with underlying disease or mixed infection, they were all cured by active and comprehensive therapy. Conclusions Influenza in children is characterized by high fever and cough, digestive tract symptoms frequently occurred in patients with type B influenza. Early application of oseltamivir could signficantly shorten the period of fever. Severe cases should be given active and comprehensive treatments.