Four compounds have been isolated from Sargassum fusiforme(HaTv. ) Setch. collected in the south Zhejiang province of China. Among these compounds the structures of three have been deduced as mannitol, fucosterol and saringosterol on the basis of chemical and IR,NMR,MS spectral data.

Based on the analyses of the status of humanistic medicine education both at home and abroad, the article emphasized the need for the implement of medical humanities education with the whole process and multidisciplinary integration. In combination with practice, from the three modules of the ex-plicit curriculum, implicit curriculum and integrated curriculum, the author discussed the specific conno-tation of the whole course of medical humanities education. The article also summarized the main points of the course system in teaching practice from the aspects of training objectives, teaching staff construction, teaching methods improvement and innovation, and humanistic quality evaluation of medical students.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of benzo[a] pyrene(BaP) on DNA damage and expression of genes involved in nucleotide excision repair[xeroderma pigmentosum group B, C, G(XPB, XPC, XPG) and excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1)] in lung cancer A549 cells.

METHODSCell survival was measured using MIT metabolic viability assay. Single cell gel assay was applied to determine the DNA damage and repair. The level of gene expression was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSThe cell survival decreased from 95.0% to 70.0% after 24 h treatment with BaP of varying concentration ranging 0.625-20.000 mumol/L. The cell survival decreased to 87.0% and 73.0% respectively after 12 h and 24 h treatment with 10 mumol/L BaP, with DNA damage gradually elevated. At 12 h after 24 h treatment, the cell survival further decreased to 59.0% and DNA damage became most serious. At 24 h after 24 h treatment, cell survival recovered to 71.0%, and damaged DNA was repaired gradually. XPB and XPC gene expression increased to 4.5-fold and 11.2-fold respectively compared with basal level at 24 h treatment or 12 h after 24 h treatment with 10 mumol/L BaP respectively. However, ERCC1 and XPG gene expression was inhibited in 24 h treatment period, then recovered gradually after treatment.

CONCLUSIONBenzo[a]pyrene could lead to DNA damage and expression level change of genes involved in nucleotide excision repair in lung cancer A549 cells.

Benzo(a)pyrene ; toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Endonucleases ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics

Objective To investigate the relationship among different birth years of earthly branches,controlling heaven qi and terrestrial effect qi and life span based on TCM theory of five circuits and six qi.Methods The data of died cases (n =6 020) was collected from the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University from Feb.2002 to Jan.2015.The difference in life span was given Kruskal-Wallis H in statistical test for discussing the discrepancy in life span in the cases born in different years with different earthly branches,controlling heaven qi and terrestrial effect qi.Results The difference in life span had statistical significance in the cases born in different years of earthly branches and controlling heaven qi (P ＜ 0.05).The order of length of life span in cases born in different years of earthly branches was as follows:ziyear ＞ chou year ＞ wu year ＞ wei year ＞ si year ＞chen year ＞ hai year ＞ mao year ＞ shen year ＞ you year ＞ yin year ＞ xu year.The order of length of life span in cases born in different years of controlling heaven qi was as follows:Shaoyin junhuo year ＞ Taiyin shitu year ＞ Yangming zaojin year ＞ Shaoyang xianghuo year ＞ Jueyin fengmu year ＞ Taiyang hanshui year.The difference in length of life span in cases born in different years of terrestrial effect qi had no statisticalsignificance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Different birth years of earthly branches and controlling heaven have some influence on length of life span.The average age of cases born in zi year,chou year,wu year and wei year of earthly branches qi is above 68-year-old and has an extend trend,which is coincide with that average age of cases born in Shaoyin junhuo year and Taiyin shitu year of controlling heaven qi is longer than that of cases born in other years of controlling heaven qi.It is inferred that the life span of a person born in Shaoyin junhuo year or Taiyin shitu year of controlling heaven qi can be improved,and controlling heaven qi in birth year has more influence on life span than terrestrial effect qi.

Objective:To establish a set of scientific and reasonable indicator system of common prosperity in the field of health, so as to promote the construction and evaluation of the demonstration area of common prosperity with high quality of health.Methods:According to the requirements of promoting common prosperity demonstration area with high quality of health in Zhejiang province, the initial indicator pool was established through literature research and theoretical analysis in July 2021, and experts were convened to carry out expert brainstorming to determine indicator system in the form of meetings. Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the indicator system.Finally, the analytic hierarchy process and percentage weight method were used to calculate the indicator weight value.Results:The final indicator system included 4 first-level indicators and 30 second-level indicators. Among the first-level indicators, the weight values of the development, equilibrium, inclusiveness, and sustainability were 0.326 4, 0.242 8, 0.245 8, and 0.185 0. There were 8 second-level indicators in developmental indicator dimension, of which the indicator with the highest weight was the per capita health expectancy. The balance indicator dimension included 6 second-level indicators, of which the indicator with the highest weight was the per capita financing difference of basic medical insurance between the urban workers with the urban-rural residents. The inclusive indicator dimension included 6 second-level indicators, and the proportion of personal health expenditure to total health expenditure had the highest weight. The sustainability indicator dimension included 10 second-level indicators, and the proportion of government health expenditure in fiscal expenditure had the highest weight.Conclusions:The indicator system constructed in this research could provide certain guidance and reference for promoting the construction of common prosperity in health, and provide some reference for follow-up research in this field.

Objective:To investigate the normal range of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in 6-18-year-old children in China, so as to provide a data base for the establishment of FeNO standards for Chinese children.Methods:A multi-center study was conducted on 5 949 children aged 6-18 (3 101 males and 2 848 females) in 16 pro-vinces of 7 administrative districts in China.According to the technical standard recommended by American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Association, FeNO was measured, and the relationship of FeNO with the sex, age, height, weight, body mass index and region was discussed.Results:The geometric mean FeNO value of Chinese children aged 6-18 was 14.1 ppb, and its 95% confidence interval (skewness distribution) was 1.0-38.2 ppb.The geometric mean FeNO values of children aged 6-11 and 12-18 were 13.1 ppb and 15.7 ppb, respectively, and their 95% confidence intervals (skewness distribution) were 1.0-38.1 ppb and 2.0-38.2 ppb.For children at and under 11 years old, FeNO decreased with age, with a mean decline of 1 ppb per year.The multiple linear regression results suggested that there was a significant correlation between FeNO and age for children aged 6-11, and FeNO of children aged 12-18 was significantly correlated with the gender, height, and region(all P<0.01). Conclusions:FeNO values of Chinese children and adolescents in this study are higher than those obtained by the previous study conducted from 2010 to 2012.For children aged 12-18, 16 ppb is recommended as the clinical cut-off point.For children at or under 11 years old, the influence of age on FeNO should be considered, and the cut-off point of FeNO decreases by 1 ppb as the age is reduced by one year.

Objective:To investigate the etiology of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) in children and the clinical characteristics of NP caused by different pathogens in China.Methods:A retrospective, case-control study was performed in children with NP who were admitted to 13 hospitals in China from January 2008 to December 2019. The demographic and clinical information, laboratory data, etiological and radiological findings were analyzed. The data were divided into three groups based on the following years: 2008-2011, 2012-2015 and 2016-2019, and the distribution characteristics of the pathogens in different period were compared. Meanwhile, the pathogens of pediatric NP in the southern and northern China were compared. And the clinical characteristics of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) NP and the bacterial NP were also compared. T-test or Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was used for comparison of numerical variables, and χ 2 test was used for categorical variables. Results:A total of 494 children with NP were enrolled, the median ages were 4.7 (0.1-15.3) years, including 272 boys and 222 girls. Among these patients, pathogens were identified in 347 cases and the pathogen was unclear in the remaining 147 cases. The main pathogens were MP (238 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) (61 cases), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (51 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 cases), Haemophilus influenzae (10 cases), adenovirus (10 cases), and influenza virus A (7 cases), respectively. MP was the most common pathogen in all three periods and the proportion increased yearly. The proportion of MP in 2016-2019 was significantly higher than that in 2012-2015 (52.1% (197/378) vs. 36.8% (32/87), χ 2= 6.654, P=0.010), while there was no significant difference in the proportion of MP in 2012-2015 and that in 2008-2011 (36.8% (32/87) vs. 31.0% (9/29), χ2=0.314, P=0.575).Regarding the regional distribution, 342 cases were in the southern China and 152 in the northern China. Also, MP was the most common pathogen in both regions, but the proportion of MP was higher and the proportion of SP was lower in the north than those in the south (60.5% (92/152) vs. 42.7% (146/342), χ 2=13.409, P<0.010; 7.9% (12/152) vs. 14.3% (49/342), χ 2= 4.023, P=0.045). Comparing the clinical characteristics of different pathogens, we found that fever and cough were the common symptoms in both single MP and single bacterial groups, but chest pain was more common (17.0% (34/200) vs. 6.1% (6/98), χ 2=6.697, P=0.010) while shortness of breath and wheezing were less common in MP group (16.0% (32/200) vs. 60.2% (59/98), χ 2=60.688, P<0.01; 4.5% (9/200) vs. 21.4% (21/98), χ 2=20.819, P<0.01, respectively). The white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the bacterial group were significantly higher than those in the MP group (14.7 (1.0-67.1)×10 9/L vs. 10.5 (2.5-32.2)×10 9/L, 122.5 (0.5-277.3) mg/L vs. 51.4 (0.5-200.0) g/L, 2.13 (0.05-100.00) μg/L vs. 0.24 (0.01-18.85) μg/L, Z=-3.719, -5.901 and -7.765, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The prevalence of pediatric NP in China shows an increasing trend during the past years. MP, SP and SA are the main pathogens of NP, and the most common clinical symptoms are fever and cough. The WBC count, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in bacterial NP are significantly higher than those caused by MP.