Objective To study the relationship between the exposure time of puncture needle of infusion bottle stopper and microbial contamination during clinical intravenous transfusion. Methods A total of 600 cases from November 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015 who have received the clinical intravenous transfusion for investigation were selected.When replacing the infusion bottle (bag), inserting the puncture needle slowly across the bottle stopper and making the needle tip be canted to the transfusion bottle mouth (bag) of the rubber plug, gently squeezing the Murphy's tube until solution was not dripping, recording down the exposure time in the air of the needle tip from medicine droplet to the end. To dip the lower part with sterile swabs and culture the swabs in nutrient broth medium. Meanwhile, to replace the next bottle of medicine and get the remaining 2 ml of liquids into the culture broth medium, after 48 h, both of which medium were switched to blood plate culture cultivation for observing the general situation of the bacteria growth. Results Among the 600 cases of clinical transfusion, 24 cases were positive for sterile swabs microorganisms culture, positive rate was 4.0%, among which microorganisms, 15 cases were gram-positive coccus, 3 cases were gram-negative bacillus, 3 cases were gram-positive bacillus and 3 cases were fungi. Correspondingly, 3 cases were positive for liquid broth culture, positive rate was 0.5%as the gram-positive coccus. The exposure time and broth microbial culture result was statistically significant, while the exposure time and medicinal broth microorganisms culture result possesses had no statistical significance. Conclusions Inserting the puncture needle across the bottle stopper could successfully reduce the liquid drug residues in the infusion bottle (bag), however, which might also cause time-dependent microbial contamination during the exposure process in the air.

Objective To investigate the effect of narrative medicine mode in perioperative medical and nursing care for patients underwent radical nephrectomy. Methods A total of 124 patients received radical nephrectomy from February 2014 to October 2016 were selected and divided into experimental group and control group by block randomization grouping method with 62 cases each. Narrative medical treatment and care was applied in experimental group while control group received conventional treatment and care. The psychological status and social support of the patients were evaluated by Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and social support rating scale(SSRS), as well as rehabilitation indexes including complications, first feeding time, hospitalization time, costs, etc. Results Anxiety and depression status were existed in both experimental and control groups before operations, and there were no significant difference in all pre-operative scales between two groups (P>0.05). The score of SAS, SDS, SSRS was (44.71 ± 4.67), (40.84 ± 4.05), (43.21 ± 3.60) points after operation and (54.98 ± 5.93), (46.52 ± 5.07), (31.87 ± 3.22) points before operation in experimental group. The score of SAS, SDS, SSRS was (53.24±5.97), (44.63±4.37), (32.61± 2.72) points after operation and (54.92 ± 5.83), (46.53 ± 4.89), (32.16 ± 2.48) points before operation in control group. Significant differences were found between before and after operation in experimental group (t=18.73, 8.85, 18.18, all P<0.01). However, no significant difference could be found between before and after operation in control group (t=1.590, 1.400, 1.910, P>0.05). After operation, the complications, first feeding time, hospitalization time and costs was 22.58%(14/62), (2.50±0.92) d, (11.16±3.72) d, (24.6±4.0) thousand yuan in experimental group, which was 48.39%(30/62), (3.98 ± 1.44) d, (15.48 ± 5.44) d, (40.2 ± 3.1) thousand yuan in control group. Significant differences were found between experimental group and control group (χ2=9.02, t=2.07, 8.06, 3.93, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions Narrative medicine mode can provide medical care filled with respect, empathy, and humanistic concern, andimprove patients′psychological status, thus promoting rehabilitation.

Objective To research the effects of establishing core system key risk index in reducing adverse events. Methods Analyzed the causes of the 147 adverse events in 2014. Including the core system implementation of the reasons for the end of the adverse events caused, the data of fundamental reasons in adverse events and the high risk link that because nurses don′t practice the core system. In 2015, randomly checked the 29 nursing units, including 27 wards and emergency outpatient transfusion room, ICU. Contains the implement rates of the core system in transfusion treatment, day and night shifts, doctors′ advice and patients′ identification. In order to quarterly analysis the index and pertinently improve the results, assessors of quality administration council, head nurse in endemic area and attendant watch keeper are chosen to gather index data. Results After one year of management, the key aspects of the core system execution qualified rate has reached 95%, the check of the implementation of the system, the total pass rate compared with before had increased 6.94%, orders execution system implementation of a qualified rate had increased 9.33%, patient identification system implementation of qualified rate had increased 4.29%, the qualified rate of change of comparison the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After the establishment of the core system key risk index management, the adverse events had decreased 11.06%(P < 0.05). Conclusion The establishment of the core system key risk index management can effectively improve the implement rates and reduce the nurse adverse events.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of mental health status and internet-surfing behavior among rural adolescents in Sichuan province,and explore the mutual effects between mental health status and internet-surfing behavior.Methods:Totally 2745 junior and senior high school students of grade seven and grade ten from two rural schools were selected.Mental health status,self-esteem and social support of students were assessed with Mental Health Inventory of Middle-school students (MMHI),Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) and social support rating scale (SSRS) respectively.Demographic characteristics,internet-surfing behavior were obtained using cross-sectional survey.Non-recursive structural equation model was applied to analyze the effects of other variables on mental health status and internet-surfing behavior and the mutual effects between them.Results:The mean score of MMHIwas (2.1 ±0.7),and the dimensions including academic stress (2.4 ±0.9),emotional instability (2.4 ±0.8) and anxiety (2.4 ± 1.0) got the top three.The total prevalence of long-time internet-surfing was 32.8％ (899/2745).The structural equation model showed that female and increasing age had positive effects on score of MMHI (β =0.058,0.058,P ＜ 0.001),and male and increasing age positively influenced internet-surfing behavior (β =-0.171,0.149,P ＜ 0.001).The scores of SES and S SRS were directly negatively related to the score of MMHI (β =-0.300,-0.263,P ＜ 0.001),and indirectly negatively affect internetsurfing behavior through the mediating effect of mental health (βi =-0.074,-0.065,P ＜ 0.010).The score of MMHI had positively effects on long-time internet-surfing behavior (β =0.246,P ＜ 0.001),and long-time internetsurfing behavior had positively effects on the score of MMHI in reverse (β =0.008,P ＜ 0.001),but much weaker.Conclusion:There are mild mental health problem among rural adolescents,and internet-surfing behaviors are prevalent among this population.Poor mental health and long-time internet-surfing behavior are risk factors mutually.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the status of maternal health behaviors and it's risk factors for Yi-nationality women in poor rural areas of Sichuan province.

METHODSIn 2012, multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 villages of two poor counties in Liangshan Yi-nationality autonomous prefecture Sichuan province. At least 10 women who have infants aged 0-12 months were selected in each simple villages, a total of 284. The structured questionnaire was developed on the basis of the theory of reasoned action. Yi-nationality female college students were trained as investigators. Research indicators included prenatal care rate, hospital delivery rate, postpartum examination rate, socio-demographic characteristics, maternal health care knowledge. χ² test was used to compare the differences of above indicators among different groups. The structural equation model were used to statistical analyze.

RESULTSIn the 284 subject women, 51.7% (147/284) women owned more than 2 children, 41.6% (118/284) women were more than 30 years old, 87.3% (248/284) women were illiteracy. The prenatal care rate was 69.7% (197/284), the hospital delivery rate was 26.8% (76/284), and the postnatal check rate was 22.9% (65/284). The influence factors of maternal health behaviors included the number of children, age and education (χ² were 10.92, 13.24, 9.58; P values were 0.027, 0.004, 0.008, respectively).The structural equation model analysis results showed that the maternal health behaviors were directly or indirectly affected by subjective norms (β = 0.236, P < 0.001), women's cognition (β = 0.226, P = 0.020) and women's attitudes on maternal health behavior (β = 0.157, P = 0.001). Among subjective norms, women have high compliance to their husbands (β = 0.850, P < 0.001), their peers (β = 0.708, P < 0.001), and their mothers-in-law (β = 0.636, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThere were still serious problems in maternal health behaviors for Yi-nationality women in poor rural areas. The main factors included not only the women's cognition and attitudes for maternal health, but also the attitudes of important social relationships.

Child ; China ; Ethnic Groups ; Family ; Female ; Health Behavior ; ethnology ; Humans ; Infant ; Maternal Health ; ethnology ; Maternal Health Services ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population

Objective: To verify the applicability of the theory of planned behavior(TPB) in the physical exercise behaviors of rural adolescents in Sichuan Province, and to explore the possible influencing factors of physical exercise behaviors, and to provide a theoretical basis for further effective intervention measures. Methods: A total of 2 302 students were selected from grade seven and grade ten of two rural middle schools in Zizhong, Sichuan Province. The survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire. Using TPB as the research framework and basis, the structural equation model was constructed for analysis. Results: Lack of physical exercise was 1 527(66.3%).Physical exercise behavior was statistically different among schools, grades(t=-7.40，-2.90，10.90,P<0.05)， and genders. Based on TPB, the structural equation model was established and corrected to obtain the revised model, and the fitting index GFI=0.93, CFI=0.94, NFI=0.94, TLI=0.93, IFI=0.94,RMSEA=0.07, indicating the model fitted good. Exercise intention directly affected exercise behaviors. The standardized effect was 0.45(95%CI=0.39-0.52). Subjective norms and perceived power were the main two mediators of the relationship between value evaluation and exercise intention. The standardized effect values were 0.66(95%CI=0.57-0.73), 0.23(95%CI=0.16-0.93)(P<0.01). Conclusion There is serious lack of physical exercise in rural adolescents in Sichuan Province. TPB has a good applicability for physical exercise in rural adolescents in Sichuan Province. Subjective norm is the most important factors to promote exercise intentions.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of Jianpi shengxue tablets and Iron polysaccharide complex capsules in the treatment of nondialysis renal anemia. METHODS:A total of 60 nondialysis renal anemia patients in our hospital during Mar. 2016 to Mar. 2017 were divided into control group(30 cases)and observation group(30 cases)with random allocation concealment method according to random number and admission order. Both groups received routine treatment as rhEPO injection,Folic acid tablets,Vitamin B12 tablets. Based on it,control group was given Iron polysaccharide complex capsules 0.15 g orally,once a day;observation group was given Jianpi shengxue tablets 1.8 g orally,3 times a day. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Clinical efficacies were compared between 2 groups. The levels of Hb,RBC,HCT and Ret％ were observed before treatment and 2,4,8,12 weeks after treatment;the levels of SI,SF and TS were also observed before treatment and 8,12 weeks after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Both groups completed the treatment. The total effective rate of observation group(86.67％)was significantly higher than control group(63.33％),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the levels of Hb,RBC,HCT,Ret％,SI,SF or TS between 2 groups (P<0.05). After treatment,the levels of above indexes in 2 groups were significantly higher than before treatment,and observation group was significantly higher than control group(except for Ret％ at 8th week),with statistical significance(P<0.05). The case number of black stool and rust colored stool in observation group were significantly lower than control group,while the incidence of black-dyed teeth in observation group was significantly higher than control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Therapeutic efficacy of Jianpi shengxue tablets are significantly better than Polysaccharide iron complex capsules in the treatment of nondialysis renal anemia,and can significantly improve iron reserve and anaemia. But Jianpi shengxue tablets causes high incidence of black-dyed teeth.

ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of tobacco use among rural adolescents in Sichuan Province and its influencing factors， to explore the relationship between smoking behavior and psychosocial influencing factors of rural adolescents in Sichuan Province， and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of smoking among rural adolescents. MethodsAn "Adolescent Health Questionnaire" was used as the survey tool to investigate 2 671 students in the 8th and 11th grades of two township middle schools in Zizhong County， Sichuan Province. The structural equation model in Mplus 7.0 was used to analyze the relationship between adolescent tobacco use behavior， mental health， and life satisfaction. ResultsAmong the surveyed adolescents， 28.3% （756/2 671） had tried tobacco products， and 9.5% （255/2 671） had used tobacco products in the past 30 days. The prevalence of tobacco use was higher among boys （16.6%） than girls （3.5%）， and among 11th grade students （21.9%） compared to 8th grade students （7.3%）， with statistically significant differences （χ²=131.99 and 4.24， both P<0.05）. The current tobacco use rate increased with the increase in monthly allowance （χ²=46.96， P<0.05）. The structural equation model of smoking behavior showed that mental health had a positive and direct impact on smoking behavior， and an indirect impact on smoking behavior through living environment satisfaction. Living environment satisfaction had a negative and direct impact on smoking behavior with the mediating effect accounting for 19.2% of the total effect. The non-standardized mediating effect of mental health on smoking behavior through life environment satisfaction and its 95%CI were 0.007 （0.002‒0.012）. ConclusionAdolescent smoking behavior is a complex psychosocial behavior， and the situation of adolescent tobacco use in rural areas in Sichuan is severe. There is a correlation between adolescent tobacco use behavior and psychosocial influencing factors. Psychosocial influencing factors can predict adolescents’ tobacco use behavior. Attention should be paid to the important role of psychosocial influencing factors when intervening in rural adolescents’ smoking behavior.