The polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) was investigated by PCR-RFLP in 28 healthy volunteers and 64 patients with Graves′ disease (GD). The result suggests that the frequency of G49 allele of CTLA-4 exon 1 in GD patients issignificantlyhigherthanthat in normal controls (P

Nimotuzumab,a humanized monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can combine with extracellular domain of EGFR and inhibit downstream signaling pathways to prevent tumor growth.Clinical researches show that nimotuzumab has significant anti-tumor activity in several solid tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,malignant glioma and so on,with advantages of good tolerance and low incidence of rashes.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii adjuvant with aluminium phosphate on symp-toms and signs disappearance time,immune function and inflammatory factors in children with acute diarrhea. METHODS:Totally 110 children with acute diarrhea were chosen from our hospital during Mar. 2013-Mar. 2016,and then randomly divided into con-trol group and observation group according to random number table,with 55 cases in each group. Control group was given Alumini-um phosphate gel 2.5 g,po,qd,on the basis of conventional treatment. Observation group was additionally given S. boulardii cap-sules 0.25 g,po,bid,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 3 d. Clinical efficacies,symptoms and signs(di-arrhea,abdominal pain,vomiting,abnormal stool routine)disappearance time as well as stool frequency,stool character scores, immune function indexes(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+),inflammatory factors(IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α)before and after treat-ment,the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:The total response rate of observation group (90.91%)was significantly higher than that of control group(70.91%);the symptoms and signs disappearance time was signifi-cantly shorter than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in stool frequency,stool character scores,immune function indexes or inflammatory factor levels between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,stool frequency,stool character scores and inflammatory factor levels of 2 groups were significantly lower than before, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group;the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher than before treatment and control group,and the level of CD8 + was significantly lower than before treatment and control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in immune function indexes of control group be-fore and after treatment(P>0.05). Total incidence of dry mouth and constipation was 5.45% in control group and 9.09% in obser-vation group,without statistical significance(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:S. boulardii adjuvant with aluminium phosphate in the treatment of pediatric acute diarrhea can efficiently improve symptoms and signs,shorten disease duration,improve immune func-tion and reduce inflammatory reaction with good safety.

Objective To study the biological features and prognostic factors of mantle ceil lymphoma (MCL).Methods The clinical data of 39 cases of MCL were analyzed prospectively.The fellow-up informations were also studied.Age,sex,B symptoms,Ann-Arbor staging,bone marrow and lympho node biopsies were assessed.Serum lactate dehydrogenates(LDH) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) level,Cyclin D1 expression and immunophenotype were investigated.Results The median age of patients was 62 years old (range 43-80).The male-to-female ratio was 5.5:1,a clear predominante of male patients.Thirty-five (89.7 ％)cases presented with advanced stage disease (Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ) at initial diagnosis.CD20 was positive expressed in 39 patients,that all cases expressed B-cell markers.Majority of cases were positive for Cyclin D1 (84.7 ％) and CD5 (64.1％).Conclusion MCL is a special type of B-cell originated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).The clinical data suggest considerable clinical heterogeneity and it has characteristics of both indolent and aggressive NHL that some patients show a chronic/indolent course,while others have a more fulminant course and short survival.LDH,β2-MG and Cyclin D1 arc the important prognostic factors.

Objective To analyze the TCM principles of herbal prescriptions given by professor Zhang Shishun for esophageal cancer by using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (V2.0). Methods The herbal prescriptions from professor Zhang were collected and used for esophageal cancer, and then were recorded into the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system. The date mining methods were used such as principle analysis and revised mutual information. Results A total of 166 prescriptions for esophageal cancer were collected, which involved 316 Chinese medicines. The medicines with high frequency were Ganoderma, Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae, Fructus Trichosanthis, Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis, and Agaricus Blazei Murrill. The combinations of medicines included Ganoderma and Ramulus Juglandis, Radix et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis and Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae, and Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis and Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae. The prescription rules of drug combination mode were obtained. Conclusions The Professor Zhang advocated the theory of determination of treatment based on pathogenesis through differentiation of symptoms and signs, patho-examination, patho-location. He also stressed on the therapy of relieving both primary and secondary symptoms. The Ganoderma, Ramulus Juglandis and Agaricus Blazei Murril were used to strengthen the body resistance. Radix et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis, Caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae and Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis were used to eliminate pathogenesis. The Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Fructus Crataegi Praeparata, Massa Medicata Fermentata Praeparata were used to protect stomach-qi. The Fructus Trichosanthis, Bulbus Allii Macrostemonis and Folium Ginkgo wereused to dilate the esophagus. The Fructus Trichosanthis was often combined with Radix Scutellariae to serve all medicines on the esophagus.

The present study is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Gleevec-induced apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells in vitro. The apoptotic cell death and cell cycle distribution after Gleevec treatment and the effect of PDCD4 siRNA on Gleevec-induced apoptosis of K562 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The effect of Gleevec on p-Crkl, caspase-3, PARP and PDCD4 protein levels, and the knockdown efficacy of PDCD4 siRNA were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that Gleevec dramatically suppressed the phosphorylation level of Crkl in a dose-dependent manner and induced significant apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of K562 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition, Gleevec activated caspase-3 and its downstream substrates PARP, and the caspase pan inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (50 micromol x L(-1)) markedly reduced Gleevec-induced apoptosis from 47.97% +/- 10.56% to 31.05% +/- 9.206% (P < 0.05). Moreover, Gleevec significantly increased the protein expression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). PDCD4 knockdown by siRNA reduced Gleevec-induced apoptosis from 46.97% +/- 14.32% to 42.8% +/- 11.43%. In summary, Gleevec induced apoptosis in K562 cells via caspase-3 activation.

Objective To discuss the recent effect of professional instruction on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into the observation group and the control group. The observation group received professional instruction while the control group only got doctors'simple advice about the characteristic, results and attentions of diabetes mellitus. Various in dices were determined before and 3 months after intervention and patients compliance was evaluated 3 months after intervention. Results The indices such as blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin, urine trace protein, blood lipid, weight index, blood pressue and waistline were different between the two groups(P＜0.05) after intervention although no difference was seen between them before intervention(P＞0.05).The patients compliance in the observation was better compared with the control group(P＜0.01). Conclusion Application of professional instruction proved to be an effective method to alleviate the symptoms of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To analyze the death causes of of dermatomyositis(DM)and polymyositis(PM)patients with interstitial pneumonia.Methods A retrospectively analysis of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 15 dead DM and PM patients with interstitial pneumonia was carried out,and 23 survivors served as controls.Results The age of the dead group was(50.1?12.0)years old,and 12(80%)patients died within the six months after onset.The mortality was higher in the acute or subacute interstitial pneumonia patients than that in the chronic patients.With longer course of the disease,lung infections became the major cause of death.Significantly higher serum lactate dehydrogenase,glutamate- pyruvate transaminase,glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase levels were found in the dead group.The dead group had higher incidence of dyspnea and“Velcro”-like crackles and louer arterial oxygen pressure.The elevation of lactate dehydrogenase indicated worse prognosis.The elevation of creatine kinase and anti Jo-1 antibody werent the death causes. Conclusion The early onset of interstitial lung disease and lung infection were the major death causes in dermatomyositis and polymyositis patients.The earlier treatment of pneumonia-may improve the prognosis and reduce mortality.

Objective: To investigate the creation of smoke-free environments in public places in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into effective implementation of the tobacco control policy. Methods: The party and government administrations at each level, medical institutions, educational places, restaurants and entertainment places, and open public places were enrolled. The creation of smoke-free environments was investigated in these places through undercover investigation with field observations and concealed photography by a third-party professional investigation company from November to December, 2022. The building of smoke-free environments (totally 60 scores) and no smoking indoors (totally 40 scores) were evaluated according to the Criteria for Scoring of Smoke-free Organizations in Hangzhou City. Results: Totally 909 places were investigated, and the comprehensive score of smoke-free environment building was (82.83±14.13) points. There were 285 party and government administrations with a comprehensive score of (84.19±12.85) points, 65 medical institutions with a comprehensive score of (90.35±6.95) points, 65 educational places with a comprehensive score of (83.43±16.81) points, 403 dining and entertainment places with a comprehensive score of (80.68±14.75) points, and 91 open public places, with a comprehensive score of (82.34±14.77) points. There were 397 places with standardized tobacco control tips at entrances (43.67%), 308 places with tobacco control signs posted as required (33.88%), 707 places that set outdoor smoking areas correctly (77.78%), 68 places with smoking paraphernalia (7.48%), 28 places with tobacco sales (3.08%). There were 732 places without signs of indoor smoking (80.53%), 850 places without indoor smoking (93.51%) and 24 places without dissuading from smoking (2.64%). Conclusion The indoor no-smoking is overall satisfactory in public places in Hangzhou City; however, standardizing no-smoking tips at entrances, standardizing the posting of no-smoking signs and assignment of tobacco control materials remain to be improved.

This study was aimed to estimate the effect of different ProDisc-C arthroplasty designs after it was implanted to C5-C6 cervicalspine. Finite element (FE) model of intact C5-C6 segments including the vertebrae and disc was developed and validated. Ball-and-socket artificial disc prosthesis model (ProDisc-C, Synthes) was implanted into the validated FE model and the curvature of the ProDisc-C prosthesis was varied. All models were loaded with compressed force 74 N and the pure moment of 1.8 Nm along flexion-extension and bilateral bending and axial torsion separately. The results indicated that the variation in the curvature of ball and socket configuration would influence the range of motion in flexion/extension, while there were not apparently differences under other conditions of loads. The method increasing the curvature will solve the stress concentration of the polyethylene, but it will also bring adverse outcomes, such as facet joint force increasing and ligament tension increasing. Therefore, the design of artificial discs should be considered comprehensively to reserve the range of motion as well as to avoid the adverse problems, so as not to affect the long-term clinical results.
Arthroplasty ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Pressure ; Prostheses and Implants ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spine ; Zygapophyseal Joint