Objective To explore the relationships between the sleep/wake-up patterns and temperament in preterm infants.Methods The developmental characteristics of sleep/wake-up patterns and temperament in preterm infants aged 4 months at corrected gestational age in their own home environments were described.The 23 relatively low-risk preterm infants were enrolled in this study.The sleep/wake-up data was collected with actigraphy.The temperament was assessed by Chinese Infant Temperament Questionnaire.Results Among the 23 infants,there were 13 coordinated difficult(D) type and 10 coordinated easy(E) type.The number of night wake-up in the coordinated D-type preterm infants[(2.78 ±0.01) times] were significantly more than that of coordinated E-type ones[(2.60 ± 0.03) times] (t =3.285,P =0.001).The longest continuous sleep time of coordinated D-type preterm infants [(4.20 ± 1.21) h] was significantly less than that of coordinated E-type ones[(4.41 ± 1.14) h] (t =3.374,P =0.001).There were no significant differences in daytime sleep duration,the number of naps,bedtime,sleep latency,nighttime sleep duration,the 24 hour sleep duration and morning awaking time between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).After the sex factor was controlled,there was a positive correlation between emotional nature and sleep latency at night (r =0.599,P =0.032).There was also positive correlation between persistence and the number of naps in daytime (r =0.439,P =0.035).Conclusions Preterm infants with different temperament types have different number of night wake-ups and the longest continuous sleep time.The emotional nature and persistence are associated with sleep latency at night and number of naps in daytime respectively.The parents of preterm infants should change their child rearing behaviors to improve sleep quality of the preterm infants.

The influence of low tube voltage in dual source CT (DSCT) coronary artery imaging on image quality and radiation dose and its application value in clinical practice were investigated. Totally, 300 cases of chest pain with low body mass index (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) subjected to DSCT coronary artery imaging were prospectively enrolled. The heart rate in all patients were greater than 65/min. The retrospective ECG gated scanning mode and simple random sampling method were used to assign the patients into groups A, B and C (n=100 each). The patients in groups A, B and C experienced 120-, 100-, and 80-kV tube voltage imaging respectively, and the image quality was evaluated. The CT volume dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded, and the effective dose (ED) was calculated in each group. The image quality scores and radiation doses in groups were compared, and the influence of tube voltage on image quality and radiation dose was analyzed. The results showed that the excellent rate of image quality in groups A, B and C was 95.69%, 94.72% and 96.33% respectively with the difference being not statistically significant among the three groups (P>0.05). The CTDIvol values in groups A, B and C were 51.35±12.21, 21.28±7.13 and 6.34±3.34 mGy, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). The ED values in groups A, B and C were 9.27±1.63, 4.56±2.29 and 2.29±1.69 mSv, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). It was suggested that for the patients with low BMI, the application of DSCT coronary artery imaging with low tube voltage can obtain satisfactory image quality, and simultaneously, significantly reduce the radiation dose.

BCG Purified Protein Derivative (BCG-PPD)was isolated and purified from BCG Culture filtrate by trichloroacetic acid and ammonium sulfate methods. The purity of BCG-PPD was Similar to PPD-S(international standard) and PPD-C(China), but more than that of PPD-CT68 (Canada)and PPD-RT23(Danish). The Delayed-Type Hyperseusitivity(DTH) to BCG-PPD was more sensitivity than other PPD on BCG vaccinated guinea pigs, but less sensitivity than other PPD on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected guinea pigs. The conversion rate and induration diameter to BCG-PPD was higher than PPD in 333 of 12 weeks after BCG vaccination newborns, but lower than that of other PPD in 97 tuberculosis patients. It was shown that DTH reaction to PPD was more sensitivity in Mycobacteria homogeneous strain vaccinated individual than Mycobacteria heterogeneous strain vaccinated individual. It was demonstrated that BCG-PPD was better than other PPD on observation conversion rates and induration diameter of BCG vaccinated individual. It maybe help to identification BCG vaccinated or tuberculosis infected with DTH of BCG-PPD and PPD in same individual.

Objective: To explore the impact of exercise rehabilitation on cardiac function in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 130 CAD patients received primary PCI in our hospital from 2014-01 to 2015-09 were enrolled. All patients received conventional drug therapy and post-PCI knowledge education, then were randomly divided into 2 groups: Conventional group and Rehabilitation group, in which the patients received cardiac rehabilitation exercise for 3 months at different stage and intensity. n=65 in each group. The cardiac function including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), 6 min walking distance (6MWD) and NYHA classification were compared between 2 groups at 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. Results: LVEF, LVEDD, 6MWD and NYHA classification were similar between 2 groups at enrollment, P>0.05. ① At 1 month post-operation: 6MWD was different between 2 groups, P<0.05, while LVEF, LVEDD, NYHA classification and the recurrence rate of angina pectoris were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05. In Rehabilitation group, 6MWD and NYHA classification were different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05, while other parameters were similar, P>0.05; in Conventional group, 6MWD was different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05, while other parameters was similar, P>0.05. ② At 3 and 6 months post-operation: all parameters were different between 2 groups, P>0.05. In Rehabilitation group, all parameters were different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05. ③ In Conventional group, at 3 months post-operation: LVEDD and 6MWD were different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05; at 6 months post-operation: 6MWD was different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05. Conclusion: Exercise rehabilitation may improve the cardiac function, therefore enhance the endurance capacity and quality of life in CAD patients after PCI.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Cystadenoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Diseases in Twins ; pathology ; surgery ; Epididymis ; pathology ; surgery ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioblastoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; pathology ; surgery

In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy fingerprint analysis of Marsdenia tenacissima samples was used to develop a reliable method of tracing the geographical origins. Forty-eight samples from four provinces of China were analyzed by FTIR. We analyzed and characterized the fingerprints in both the full spectrum peaks and characteristic peaks, then the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis were carried out. The results of fingerprint analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis can identify the geographic origins correctly, which verified and supplemented each other; the identification results and the actual location showed a high degree of consistency, namely the lower the space distance, the greater the similarity of different samples. These results revealed the obvious superiority and practical value in comparison to the more tedious and time-consuming wet chemistry method normally used. Using appropriate metrology methods can trace the geographical source correctly. The M. tenacissima materials from the region of Maguan should be considered as genuine medicinal materials taking into account the good quality.
China ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; classification ; standards ; Geography ; Marsdenia ; chemistry ; classification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine-based regimens in treating patients with liver metastases from breast cancer. Methods:A total of 163 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer who received capecitabine-based regimens between January 1, 2000 and Dec 31, 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of these patients were evaluated. Results:Of the 163 patients retrospectively analyzed, 109 received docetaxel plus capecitabine (TX) and 54 received vinorelbine plus capecitabine (NX). TX treatment achieved objective responses in 59 patients (54.1%), including complete response in four patients, partial response in 55 patients, and stable disease in 25 patients. In patients who received NX, the objective response and clinical benefit rates were 50.0%and 70.4%, respectively;one patient had a complete response, 26 patients had a partial response, and 11 patients had a stable disease. The safety profiles of TX treatment were more favorable and predictable compared with NX treatment, with a low incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events in hematological and non-hematological toxicities. Results showed that median overall survival after liver metastases (LMS), progression-free survival (PFS), and post-metastasis survival (MSR) were 26, 8, and 28 months in the TX arm. LMS, PFS, and MSR were longer in the TX arm than in the NX arm. Conclusion:Capecitabine-based regimens showed tolerance in patients with liver metastases from breast cancer. TX treatment had a tendency of lower toxicity and was more effective compared with NX treatment.

The quality markers (Q-markers) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have become a topic of interest in TCM research in recent years. Nonetheless, there is still no consensus on how to scientifically characterize TCM Q-markers. Our study establishes an identification method for TCM Q-markers based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight comprehensive method. By constructing an evaluation system encompassing the target layer, the factor layer and the control layer, AHP can be used to analyze the weight of three core TCM quality attributes, including effectiveness, testability and specificity. Following that, the entropy weight method is employed to analyze the specific indicators for each attribute based on the literature and experimental data. Finally, the comprehensive weight of each index is obtained by combining the two weights, and the comprehensive weight and the specific value of each component is multiplied and summed to obtain the integrated score ranking, and thereby identify the TCM Q-markers. Taking Shaoyao Gancao decoction as an example, the analysis revealed that the top 8 components are as follows: paeoniflorin > quercetin > albiflorin > glycyrrhizic acid > naringenin > liquiritin > oxypaeoniflorin > benzoylpaeoniflorin, and can be identified as Q-markers of Shaoyao Gancao decoction. This study not only provides support for the establishment of quality standards and process quality control of TCM formulae, but also provides innovative ideas and methods for quantitative evaluation and accurate identification of TCM Q-markers.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; physiology ; Calcinosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology ; Vascular Diseases ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

Objective To evaluate the outcome of health education program on drowning prevention among primary and secondary school children in rural areas. Methods A township was selected and all the students from grade 3 to 5, grade 7 to 8, and grade 10 to 11 were selected to take part in the program. Twelve intervention measures on natural water safety and drowning prevention were carried out for one year. Information was collected using the same questionnaire before and after the intervention program. Results One year after the intervention was carried out, children's knowledge on drowning prevention improved significantly (13.21, 95% CI: 12.51-13.90) , and a positive effect was also noticed among boys (12.77, 95%CI: 11.77-13.77), girls (13.80, 95%CI: 12.82-14.78),and among primary school children (15.51,95%CI: 14.30-16.72), senior high school children (10.78,95%CI: 9.50-12.05) and junior high school children (12.77,95%CI: 11.84-13.71). Overall rates on risk behaviors dropped from 41.4% to 32.2% (by 22.2%) including 15.6% for boys, 35.2% for girls and 13.8%, 29.3%, 26.3% for primary school children, senior high school children, junior high school children, respectively. The incidence rates for non-fatal drowning decreased by 58.9% (from 5.6% to 2.3%). The person-times for treatment on sight, in emergency settings, in outpatient clinic or in the hospitals had a reduction from 399, 78, 36 to 175, 32, 14, respectively. Conclusion Health education program could improve children's perception on water safety, and reduce their risk behaviors as well as on the incidence of non-fatal drowning in the rural areas.