Objective To investigate the role of FTY720, an agonist of the sphingosine 1-phos-phate (S1P) receptor, in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) caused by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to further elucidate its possible mechanism .Methods BALB/c ( H2 d ) recipient mice were given whole body lethal irradiation (750 cGy) for 4 hours.A mouse model of aGVHD was estab-lished by intravenously injecting recipient mice with 1×107 C57BL/6 (H2b) mice derived bone marrow cells (BMCs) and 5×106 whole splenic cells.FTY720 (3 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into recipient mice from the day before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation ( allo-BMT) to day 4 thereafter to monitor the survival rate .The mice in control group were perfused with equal volume of control reagent .Fluores-cence-activated cell sorting ( FACS) was used to analyze the phenotypes of immune cells in spleen , liver, lung as well as intestines of mice on the fourth day of allo-BMT with or without FTY720 treatment. Results FTY720 significantly prolonged overall survival in mice with allo-BMT induced aGVHD .FACS analysis showed that FTY720 significantly inhibited the distribution of matured dendritic cells ( DCs) in lung and small intestines .Conclusion FTY720 could significantly alleviate the symptom of aGVHD in mice re-ceived allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation .The possible mechanism might be associated with the inhibited distribution of matured DCs in lung and intestines .

Objective To detect the characteristics of benign infantile seizures.Methods Fifty seven cases of benign infantile seizures were analyzed.Results All patients had a normal development before and after the onset of the seizures.The age of onset was from 1.5-30 months.The main manifestations included tonic clonic seizure,staring and motion arrest,64.9 % occurred in clusters.A family history of epilepsy or febrile seizures was present in 6 cases.Interictel electroen cephalograms were normal.The seizures were easily ceased after taking phenobarbital,carbamazepine or valproate.Antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)were discontinued in 51 patients.The mean ages of seizure stopping were 12.8 months and mean seizure′s durations were 4.1 months.Conclusion The benign infantile seizures can be easily controlled with a single AEDs for short time with favorable prognosis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mutation in the locus 306 of embB gene in multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and evaluate the prospects for using it as a molecular marker to detect MDR-TB.Methods The 291 strains enrolled in this study were from the reference laboratory of Shanghai municipal centers for disease control and prevention, all of which had been tested for drug susceptibility.Mutation in embB 306 was screened both by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and DNA sequencing.The mutation frequencies of embB 306 in the sample groups varied in drug resistance were statistically analyzed.Results 38(51.4% ) of the 74 MDR-TB were embB 306-mutant (X2 =93.8,P＜0.01).Of the 24 TB resistant to at least two drugs but not MDR, 9(37.5% ) were embB 306 mutant (X2 =60.1 ,P＜0.01 ).But only two(4.9% ) embB 306-mutant strains were found in 41 strains resistant to only one drug (X2 =6.8,P=0.0093).None embB 306-mutant strains were found in 152 pansensitive strains.The specificity of using embB 306 as a molecular marker for detecting multi-drug resistant TB was 94.9% (206/217).Conclusions As a molecular marker for screening drug resistant TB,especially MDR-TB, the gene locus embB 306 shows a relatively high sensitivity and specificity, promising a sound future for its application in clinics to realize fast screening of patients infected with MDR-TB and to provide evidence for appropriate medication.

This study was aimed to evaluate the reversed effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on multidrug resistance (MDR) of human leukemic cell line HL-60/ADM, and to investigate the relationship of the oxygen free radical content between HL-60/ADM cells and the reversed HL-60/ADM cells (HL-60/ADM + CsA). The cytotoxicity and the reversed effects of CsA on multidrug resistance of human leukemic cell line HL-60/ADM were studied by MTT, flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemical assay; the oxygen free radical for HL-60/ADM and HL-60/ADM + CsA cell lines were detected by colorimetric method. The results showed that the CsA less than 4 microg/ml had no significant cytotoxicity on HL-60/ADM, while the cytotoxicity was rised with CsA concentration increasing; And CsA (4 microg/ml) combined with ADM (1 microg/ml) could obviously restrain the growth of HL-60/ADM cells (p < 0.001). The P-gp expression of HL-60/ADM decreased obviously after exposure to CsA (4 microg/ml) for 72 hours, at the same cell conditions, MDA concentration of the reversed groups (HL-60/ADM + CsA cells) was higher than that of the control groups (HL-60/ADM cells) (p < 0.05), while the levels of SOD and GSH in the reversed groups were significantly lower than that in control groups (p < 0.001). It is concluded that MDR of HL-60/ADM can be reversed effectively by low dose of CsA, the level of oxygen free radical increases and the activity of antioxidants decreases in the reversed cells. Oxygen free radicals may be involved in this reverse process, which thereby lead to the cell death.
Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; enzymology ; prevention & control ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Selenium ; pharmacology ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Yeast, Dried ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEHyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) is an attractive procedure that has been used in treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, depending on the HBO protocol, especially the time point of starting treatment of HBO, different and conflicting results were obtained. This study was undertaken to search for the optimal therapeutic window of ABO in neonatal rat with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).

METHODSEighty-four healthy seven-day-old SD rats were used as research subjects and were randomly divided into seven groups with 12 in each: sham group, HI group, HI (1 h) + HBO group (HBO starting 1 h after HI), HI (3 h) + HBO group (HBO starting 3 h after HI), HI (6 h) + HBO group (HBO starting 6 h after HI), HI (12 h) + HBO group (HBO starting 12 h after HI), HI (24 h) + HBO group (HBO starting 24 h after HI). Single HBO treatment (2.5 atmospheres absolute, ATA for 1.5 h) was used in this study. Two indexes were used to assess the effect of HBO that included short-term (48 h after HI) histology change (the cell density in CA1 of hippocampus and cortex) and long-term (5 w and 6 w after HI) neurobehavioral testing (grip test and treadmill test for evaluating the deficits of sensor motor; step-down avoidance test for assessing the deficits of memory).

RESULTSIn HI (1 h) + HBO, HI (3 h) + HBO and HI (6 h) + HBO groups, neuron density of cortex and CA1 of hippocampus were 1981.76 +/- 299.55, 1841.53 +/- 241.21, 1525.78 +/- 189.00 and 4430.56 +/- 1180.31, 4507.54 +/- 1374.32, 3883.48 +/- 821.87, respectively, which were significantly higher than HIBD group (987.86 +/- 285.39 and 1813.59 +/- 295.33, P < 0.05, ANOVA). But in HI (12 h) + HBO and HI (24 h) + HBO, the neuron density of cortex and CA1 of hippocampus compared with those in HIBD group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05, ANOVA). In the sensor motor testing performed at 5 w after HI of rat, the grip time in grip test and the stay time in treadmill test of HI (1 h) + HBO, HI (3 h) + HBO and HI (6 h) + HBO groups were 193.39 +/- 51.19, 168.39 +/- 34.02, 168.95 +/- 34.93 and 130.34 +/- 42.56, 128.20 +/- 27.69, 125.74 +/- 36.99, respectively, which, compared with HIBD group, were significantly prolonged (P < 0.05, ANOVA). But in HI (12 h) + HBO and HI (24 h) + HBO groups, the time was not significantly longer compared with HI (P > 0.05, ANOVA). In the step-down avoidance test which was performed at 6 w after HI, the step-down latencies of HI (1 h) + HBO, HI (3 h) + HBO and HI (6 h) + HBO were 96.91 +/- 29.91, 90.35 +/- 28.44 and 76.46 +/- 38.70, respectively, which were significantly prolonged (P < 0.05, ANOVA), but in HI (12 h) + HBO and HI (24 h) + HBO, the latencies did not significantly increase compared with HIBD, P > 0.05, ANOVA.

CONCLUSIONSThe optimal therapeutic window of HBO in neonatal rat with HIBD was within the first 6 hours after HI. In this therapeutic window, HBO was highly effective in reducing the cell loss in CA1 of hippocampus and cortex.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Count ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; methods ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; pathology ; therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

A metabolic profiling analysis method for metabolomic studies of rice leaf was established based on HSS T3 combined with XBridge Amide Q-TOF LC/MS by comparing the influences of different extraction methods in rice leaves of metabolites. The extraction and separation of rice leaf metabolites using three different methods including methanol-chloroform-water,methanol-chloroform-ammonia,methanol-methyl tert-butyl ether -water and different chromatographic systems were compared by the numbers of peaks, identified metabolites and the metabolic pathways. The results showed that the method of methanol-chloroform-water reached the highest coverage rate of metabolites in rice leaves,and the maximum number of unique metabolites including prephenic acid, luteolin, α-linolenic acid, aconitic acid, gibberellin A12 aldehyde, isovitexin, L-Glutamate were detected. Metabolites with different polarity in rice leaf could be detected by HSS T3 and XBridge Amide. A total of 16 kinds of organic acids, 17 kinds of nucleotides, 21 kinds of amino acids, 66 kinds of fatty acids,11 kinds of phospholipids and 7 kinds of sphingolipids were identified. XBridge Amide had an absolute advantage in detecting phospholipids and sphingolipids. The metabolic pathways involved purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, arginine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and vitamin B2 synthesis. It showed certain complementarity between the two columns in identifying metabolites and involved the metabolic pathways. The established method is expected to be useful for the metabolomic studies of rice.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum homocysteine(Hcy)level and left ventricular geometric patterns in essential hypertensive patients.Methods Three hundred and sixteen patients with essential hypertension attending in Shanxi Dayi Hospital from January 2013 to June 2016 were enrolled in the study.Serum Hcy levels were measured and echocardiography was performed to measure left ventricular mass index (LVMI)and relative wall thickness(RWT).According to Hcy level patients were divided into H type hypertension group(Hcy≥10 μmol/L,group A)and non-H type hypertension group(Hcy<10 μmol/L, group B).The correlation of Hcy level with RWT and LVMI was analyzed.Results The percentages of concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy in group A were higher than those in group B(30.7% vs.25.3% and 24.7%vs.18.7%,χ2=3.342 and 3.894, P=0.033 and 0.025).Hcy level was positively correlated with RWT and LVMI(r=0.819 and 0.725,P=0.005 and 0.008).Conclusion Serum Hcy level is associated with left ventricular geometry in patients with essential hypertension.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of elderly patients with multi-disease coexisting atrial fibrillation in our hospital, expect with coronary heart disease (CHD), and to provide evidence for clinical prevention and treatment and community chronic disease management. Methods: From March 2012 to June 2018, the hospitalization data of 223 patients with atrial fibrillation aged over 50 years in Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences were collected.A total of 118 patients with CHD and 105 patients without CHD were included.The risk factors of atrial fibrillation in patients without CHD were analyzed retrospectively. Results: With the increase of age, the incidence of atrial fibrillation increased.There were 32 patients with hypertension, accounting for 30.47%; 19 patients with diabetes, accounting for 18.09%; 79 patients with co-infection, accounting for 75.23%, of which respiratory tract infection accounted for 41.77%, urinary tract infection accounted for 30.38%, biliary tract infection accounted for 27.84%.Twenty-four cases (22.86%) were complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that age, infection, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and infection were significantly correlated. Conclusion In the elderly patients with co-existing diseases, atrial fibrillation has a high incidence, and there are many risk factors affecting its occurrence, except for the known high risk factors such as age, valvulopathy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD and so on.Infection is also a risk factor for atrial fibrillation.

China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans