Two cases of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis were reported. One patient healed while another died with suspicious residual fungal infection. The clinical symptoms of infratemporal fungal infection include maxillofacial pain, with or without fever. Acute or chronic inflammation of soft tissue could be revealed pathologically. Proof of pathogen may not be found in histopathological slice while serological detection may reveal positive evidence. Surgical resection, good drainage and postoperative antifungal therapy could cure or promptly relieve the symptoms of the disease.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; Sinusitis ; microbiology ; Skull Base

Objective: By analyzing the relationship between the meteorological factors and the outbreak of emergencies, an artificial neutral network model was established in order to make the medical-meteorological forecast and to reduce and prevent the emergencies. Methods: The data of emergency cases and meteorological factors within the same time in 2007 and 2008 in Ji'nan, China were collected and analyzed by using SAS9.0. The back-propagation (BP) artificial neutral network model was built by using Matlab7.0. Results: A close relationship exists between the meteorological factors as well as their changes and emergencies. The results of forecast show high accuracy rate of each emergency (76% ～ 89%) except CO poisoning (46%). Conclusions: This emergencies medical-meteorological forecasting model based on BP neutral network has good prediction effect and the value of further research.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermedin (IMD) on tubular cells apoptosis induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its associated mechanism.Methods A total of twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (control group, I/R group, empty plasmid group and IMD group). One week after the removal of right kidney, ultrasound plasmid was used to transfect empty or IMD plasmid into the left kidney. Renal I/R model was made by clasping the left renal artery for 45 minutes. Tubular cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL. Expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Fas was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9 was evaluated with commercially available kits respectively.Protein level of caspase-3 was measured by Western blotting analysis. Results Compared with control group, apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells, expression of Bax and Fas, activities of caspase-8 and caspase-9, as well as protein level of caspase-3 were all significantly increased in I/R group (all P＜0.05). IMD pre-treatment significantly inhibited all these effects (all P＜0.05). There were no differences of above parameters between empty plasmid group and I/R group. Conclusion IMD pre-treatment protects against renal I/R injury by inhibion of tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the effect of allo-human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on T and B cells from patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro. Methods BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow samples of healthy volunteers and purified by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in vitro. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated from patients with RA.Then, BMSCs and lymphpcutes were co-cultured. The modulatory effect of BMSCs on proliferation, activation and maturation of T and B lymphocytes of RA patients stimulated by PHA and SAC respectively was observed. The cell generation cycle and the degree of apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry with PI/ Annexin V. After co-cultured with or without BMSCs for 72 hours, T cells were harvested, then they were labeled with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD25 antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The density of IgG in the co-culture system was detected by ELISA. Results T and B cells proliferation was significantly suppressed when co-cuhured with bMSCs but did not induce T cell apoptosis. There was a significant decrease in the ratio of CD4+ CD3+ T cells in the co-cuhure group (34±6), as compared with the control group (44±7) (P<0.05). There was a decrease in CD25+ T cells and increase of CD4+ CD25+ cells in BMSCs co-cultured group (P<0.05). IgG was in creased in the cocuhure system. Conclusion Human BMSCs inhibit T and B cell activation and proliferation in patients with RA in vitro. And these immunomodulatory effects are not MHC restricted. The results of this study have provided evidence for the fact that BMSCs has the potential to be an effective treatment for RA.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Virus Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Viruses ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics of community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) and hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (HA-AKI) patients.Methods Hospital network system was employed to screen the clinical data of adult patients in the First Affiliated Hospital in Xinjiang Medical University in January to July 2013.A total of 19 528 patients were screened,and 544 AKI patients were identified based on KIDGO (Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes) AKI guidelines.Three hundred and thirty patients were included in HA-AKI group and 214 patients in CA-AKI group.Clinical variables including mortality were analyzed retrospectively.Results The incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients was 2.8％ (544/19 528):1.7％ in CA-AKI group and 1.1％ in HA-AKI group.The mean age in CA-AKI group was significantly older than that in HA-AKI group [(62.9 ± 16.8) years vs (56.6± 15.9) years].Medical patients in CA-AKI group accounted for 62.4％,and surgical patients in HA-AKI group accounted for 64.1％.The co-morbid diseases were cardiac disease,hypertension,diabetes and chronic liver disease.Majority of AKI was caused by pre-renal etiologies.The length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in CA-AKI group compared to that in HA-AKI group [12(8,20) days vs 19 (12,27) days,P ＜ 0.01].Compared to that in HA-AKI group,all-cause mortality was significantly lower in CA-AKI group (11.5％ vs 20.1％,P=0.005).Results by multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the common independent risk factors of AKI in both groups were ICU hospitalization and shock.The independent risk factor of AKI in CA-AKI group was diabetes (OR=3.019).In contrary,the independent risk factors of AKI in HA-AKI group were elderly (≥65 years) (OR=3.303),oliguria (24 h urine volume ＜ 400 ml) (OR=6.906),use of antiinflammatory drugs (OR=13.079) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (OR=17.778).Conclusions The incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients is not rare,among which both communityacquired and hospital-acquired AKI are mainly caused by pre-renal etiologies.All-cause mortality is lower in community-acquired AKI compared to that in hospital-acquired AKI and the independent risk factors are different between CA-AKI and HA-AKI.

Objective To study the damage focused ultrasound inflicts on the membrane permeability of Ehrlich ascitic tumor (EAC) cells and the relationship between changes in membrane permeability and focused ultra-sound exposure time. Methods The relative survival rate of tumor cells was examined at various intensities and dif-ferent exposure times using focused 2.2 MHz ultrasound. The uhrastructure changes were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope after different exposures. Membrane permeability was investigated by incorporating fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD5OO) , and membrane damage was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Results Morphological observation showed there were numerous microvilli on the surface of un-exposed cells. When the cells had been irradiated with focused ultrasound for 30 s there was only a slight effect on the shape of the cells and the number of microvilli was slightly reduced. When the cells were exposed to ultrasound for 60 s, the surface of many cells became relatively smooth with no obvious microvilli, and several small craters were seen on the surfaces of cells where the cytoplasm seemed to have extruded through the membrane. The cell membrane was seri-ously damaged by sonoporation. The loading of FD500 in the unexposed cells was only 0.21%. When the cells had been sonicated with focused ultrasound for 30 s or 60 s, the loading of FD500 increased to 11.46% and 18.50% re-spectively. The released LDH activities in the 30 s group and 60 s group were 2.94±0.02 and 3.28±0.04 U/L, respectively. The activities of LDH increaased as the focused ultrasound exposure time was prolonged. Conclusion Focused ultrasound may damage the cell membrane permeability of EAC cells, and the damage increases as the expo-sure time is prolonged from 30 s to 60 s.

Objective To construct a mutant strain of Aspergillus fumigatus with the mutant pbs2 gene, and to investigate the effect of the mutant gene on the morphology of A. fumigatus, the variation of os-motic pressure and the sensitivity of oxidative stress. Methods S. cerevisiae pbs2 gene homologs was identi-fied in A. fumigatus genome database. A PCR fragment, composed of the 5' flanking sequence(approximate-ly 1 kb) ofpbs20RF and its 3' flanking sequence (approximately 1 kb), was subcloned into a vector pDHt/SK with Xho Ⅰ/Xba Ⅰ enzyme to produce a recombinant plasmid PA. The selected marker pryG amplified from pLAX223 was cloned into PA with BamH Ⅰ/Pst Ⅰ enzyme to produce plasmid PB. PB was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefac/ens and named plasmid At pbs2. Then At pbs2 was transformed into A. fumigatus strain AF293.1 (pyrG) via ATMT to produce the transformants △pbs2. To observe the growth rate and the phenotype on the MM containing different oxidative stress and osmotic pressure between the △pbs2 and the wild type. Results There were no visible difference between △pbs2 and AF293 on the radial growth rate and morphology. △pbs2 mutant was not only more sensitive to osmotic pressure produced by sodium chloride and glycerol but also sensitive to oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide than the wild type. Conclu-sion The pbs2 gene plays a role in osmotic pressure and oxidative stress signal tmnsductions in A. fumiga-tus but only involved in oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide specifically. However, pbs2 gene has a minor effect on growth and morphology in A. fumigatus.

Objective To investigate the change of HepG2 liver tumor perfusion after microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment and observe the related pathological injury.Methods Twenty eight Balb/c(nu/nu) nude mice transplanted subcutaneous HepG2 tumor were divided into three groups randomly,including the microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation group,the ultrasound group and the sham group.Microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment was performed by 0.1 ml microbubbles intravenous injection combined with pulse ultrasound emission in experimental group,while in control groups only ultrasound exposure or microbubble injection were applied.The perfusion of tumors was imaged using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography before and after treatments.Time-intensity curve and peak intensity were analyzed.The tumors were then harvested for histological examination.Results The perfusion of HepG2 tumors almost vanished immediately after treatment in experimental group,with the peak intensity reduced from (26.9 ± 10.9)％ to(8.2 ± 5.8)％ (P ＜0.05).There was no significant changes before and after treatments (P ＞ 0.05) in the two control groups.Histological findings were disruption of the endothelia,significant hemorrhage and increased intercellular fluid.Conclusions Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound cavitation can significantly reduce tumor blood perfusion and disrupt tumor vascularture.This new ultrasound therapy can potentially become a new physical anti-angiogenetic therapy for liver tumor.

Objective To compare the various surgical procedures commonly used to treat ampullary neoplasms.Methods The clinical data of 238 patients with ampullary tumor who were admitted to the Peking Union Hospital from January 1995 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 51 patients with benign ampullary adenomas (34 patients treated with local tumor resection,17 patients treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy) and 187 patients with ampullary cancer (25 patients treated with ampulla local excision,162 patients treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy).Results For both ampullary cancer and benign tumor,the group of patients who received local excision was superior to the group of patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy in operative time,blood loss,hospital stay,and incidence of postoperative complications (all P＜0.05).For benign ampullary adenomas,there were no significant differences in postoperative median survival time between local resection and pancreaticoduodenectomy (P=0.071,x2 =2.003).For stage T1 or T2 ampullary cancer,there was also no significant difference in the postoperative median survival time (P=0.054,x2=3.163).However,the postoperative median survival time of the pancreaticoduodenectomy group was significantly longer than that of the local resection group for patients with stage T3 or T4 ampullary cancer (P=0.041,x2 =6.309).Conclusions Ampullary tumors are characterized by relatively good response to treatment.The results suggested that for patients with benign ampullary adenomas and stage T1 or T2 of ampullary cancer,local resection is a good surgical procedure.For patients with ampullary cancer at more advanced stages (T3 or T4),pancreaticoduodenectomy is the first choice of therapy.