Objective To analyze the incidence and survival rates of primary liver cancer (PLC) among residents in Pudong district of Shanghai.Methods Permanent residents of Pudong district,Shanghai were recruited in the study between 2002 and 2011,among whom 7981 PLC cases were diagnosed and 7233 death cases were certified.Both morbidity and mortality of PLC were calculated and standardized (ASR) by the world population of 1966,in order to analyze the survival condition of PLC patients on gender or address,to explore the prognosis of surgical excision treatment.Results Among the incident cases of PLC between 2002 and 2011,5754 cases were males,with an average age of 60.27; while 2227 cases were females,with an average age of 68.26.The crude incidence rate for both sexes was 30.73 per 100 000 person-year,and was 44.30 per 100 000 person-year for males,higher than that in females,17.16 per 100 000 person-year.The difference showed statistical significance (u=3.46,P＜0.01).The ASR for incidence rates were 25.72 per 100 000 person-year in males and 8.22 per 100 000 person-year in females,respectively,with difference statistically significant (u=3.00,P＜0.01).There were 7233 PLC death cases in total,including 5151 males and 2082 females,with the crude mortality rate as 27.85 per 100 000 person-year.Rate for males was 39.65 per 100 000 person-year,significantly different from 16.04 per 100 000 person-year in females,statistically (u=3.16,P＜0.01).The ASRs for mortality were 22.77 per 100 000 person-year in males and 7.39 per 100 000 person-year in females,with statistically significant difference (u=2.80,P＜0.01).Both incidence and mortality rates increased apparently for males aged over 35 and females aged over 45.The 1-to 5-year survival rates of PLC were 19.88％,14.91％,12.19％,10.29％ and 8.56％,respectively.There were statistically significant differences among urban,town and rural areas in the over-all survival rates(x2=8.711,P=0.013) ;The differences in 1-to 5-year survival rates between surgical and non-surgical groups showed statistically significant differences (u=10.8,6.93,4.75,3.3 and 2.61,respectively,P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence and mortality rates in males were significantly higher than in females and the over-all survival in rural area was significantly lower than in other areas of Pudong district,suggesting that surgical treatment could improve the prognosis of PLC.

With the growing threat of malignancy to health, it is necessary to analyze cancer incidence and patient survival rates among the residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai to formulate better cancer prevention strategies. A total of 43,613 cancer patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 were recruited from the Pudong New Area Cancer Registry. The incidence, observed survival rate, and relative survival rate of patients grouped by sex, age, geographic area, and TNM stage were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier, life table, and Ederer II methods, respectively. Between 2002 and 2006, cancer incidence in Pudong New Area was 349.99 per 100,000 person-years, and the 10 most frequently diseased sites were the lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, breast, esophagus, pancreas, brain and central nervous system, thyroid, and bladder. For patients with cancers of the colon and rectum, breast, thyroid, brain and central nervous system, and bladder, the 5-year relative survival rate was greater than 40%, whereas patients with cancers of the liver and pancreas had a 5-year relative survival rate of less than 10%. The 1-year to 5-year survival rates for patients grouped by sex, age, geographic area, and TNM stage differed significantly (all P < 0.001). Our results indicate that cancer incidence and patient survival in Pudong New Area vary by tumor type, sex, age, geographic area, and TNM stage.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; China ; epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Urban Population

In this paper, multifunctional silver-graphene quantum dot nanoparticles coated with phospholipids (ADG-DDPC) were prepared and their properties were evaluated in vitro. Cationic phospholipids 1,2-diolefinoxy-3-trimethy-laminopropane (DOTAP) was absorbed first onto the surface of the core of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) through the mutual attraction between the positive and negative charge. Based on the principle of phase transformation and hydrophobic interaction, dstearyl-phosphatidylglycolamine-polyethylene-glycol-cyclic-cRGD peptide (DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀-cRGD) self-assembled onto the outlayer of DOTAP of AgNPs. A stable multifunctional nano-preparation was formed and its ultraviolet absorption, particle size distribution, morphology,in vitro release behavior, ability to kill cancer cells and cell uptake were studied. The maximum UV absorption of the synthesized nanometer preparation was about 400 nm. Malvern particle size meter and transmission electron microscope showed that the particle size of the nano- preparation was about 30-40 nm and its particle size distribution was uniform. The in vitro release of nano-preparation was positively correlated with the concentration of H₂O₂. The IC₅₀ value of AgNPs for tumor cells was (347.78 ± 0.06) ng·mL^-1, and the IC₅₀ value of ADG-DDPC for tumor cells was (209.68 ± 0.09) ng·mL^-1, indicating that ADG-DDPC possessed a stronger cytotoxicity than that of AgNPs. Cell uptake experiment showed that ADG-DDPC could be absorbed by tumor cells and exhibited fluoresce inside those cells. In conclusion, ADG-DDPC was successfully prepared, and in vitrocharacterization study pointed to that the nano-preparation exhibits a higher antitumor activity than AgNPs.