Objective To investigate gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation (BT) from gastrointestinal tract in postoperative patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plasma D-lactate measurement, and to study the relationship between BT and infections complications. Methods 34 patients undergoing selective gastrointestinal operations were observed. Blood samples were collected prior to and 2, 24, 48 h after surgery for bacterial culture, plasma D-lactate, and LPS measurement. PCR was used to detect microbial DNA. PCR was performed after DNA extraction, with target ?-lactosidase gene of E. coli and 16S rRNA gene of most pathogenic bacteria. All the patients were observed for 30 days for monitoring infectious complications. Results No bacterial DNA was detected before surgery, but it was positive in 7 patients (20.6%) after operation. Bacterial DNA was discovered in 38.9% (7/18) of SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) patients, no bacterial DNA was detected in the 16 non-SIRS patients (P

Objective To determine the kinetic changes of plasma D-lactate and endotoxin levels in patients after intraperitoneal operations. Methods Blood samples of 63 patients undergoing selective laparotomy were collected 0, 2, 24 and 48h after surgery. According to various criteria, the patients were divided into two groups respectively, i.e. extensive operation or medium sized operation,involvement of gastrointestinal (GI) tract or non-involvement GI tract, and development of symptoms of SIRS or no SIRS after operation. Plasma levels of D-lactate and endotoxin in systemic circulation were determined. Results The analytical data showed that the plasma levels of D-lactate and endotoxin were elevated significantly at 2, 24 and 48h post laparotomy in SIRS patients and major surgery group, and there was also a significant correlation between the plasma levels of D-lactate and endotoxin(?=0.91,P

BackgroundIt has been well-known that integrin linked kinase(ILK) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neorascularization.But there are few researches to elucidate the relationship between ILK and retinal nevascularization. Objective This study was to explore the expression and significance of ILK on retinal neovascularization and new vessels regression in the oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR) mouse model. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal group and model group.The mice were rose in(75±2)％O2 environment with mother mice together for 5 days and then in normal environment for 5 days to establish the OIR models.The mice in normal group were rose in the normal environment for 21 days.The 17-day-old mice were sacrificed and retinal sections were prepared for histopathological examination and the numbers of the cellular nuclei of vascular endotheliumbreaking retinalinternal limiting membranewere calculated.Retinal sections and sheeting were prepared in 12,14,17 and 21 -day-old mice to examine the formation and regression of new blood vessel using ADP histochemistry staining,and then immunochemistry,real-time PCR and Western-blotting were used to detect the expressions of ILK and its mRNA in retina. ResultsThe numbers of the cellular nuclei of vascular endothelium breaking retinal internal limiting membrane were (45.64 ± 12.17 )in OIR group,and those of the normal group were( 0.35±0.14 )with a significant difference between two groups (t =22.85,P＜0.05).Retinal new blood vessel appeared in 14-day mice,and peaked in 17-day mice and then regression in 21-day mice.ILK protein was expressed mainly in retinal ganglion cell layer,inner nuclear layer,inner plexiform layer and photoreceptor layer.Real-time PCR showed that ILK mRNA expressing levels in retina in model group were( 1.00±0.22),(1.85±0.17),(1.58±0.43) and(1.53±0.36) respectively in 12-,14-,17- and 21-day mice.Westernblotting determined that the A value of the ILK/β-actin was increased in 12-,14-,17-day mice and decreased in 21-day mice,and the A values were significantly higher in model group than the control group in various aged mice ( t =2.97,P＜0.05 ;t =11.88,P＜0.01 ;t =16.84,P＜0.01 ;t =13.00,P＜0.01 ). ConclusionsThese results indicate a space-time corresponding relation between the expression of ILK and retinal neovascularization.The obvious positive expression of ILK may be highly correlated with retinal neovascularization.

The on-line monitor for the changes in the content of baicalin in Scutellariae Radix formula particles during the extraction process was conducted by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as a reference method. Kennard-Stone (KS) was used to divide sample sets, so as to compare different pretreatment methods. The synergy interval partial least squares (SiPLS) was used to screen out modeling wave band to establish partial least-squares models. The relative error method was applied to predict forecast set samples of Scutellariae Radix in three extraction phases. The results showed that the model established by Savitzky-Golay smoothing with 11 points (SG11 points) was the best, with the root mean square with cross validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of correction (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of baicalin of 0.092 7, 0.134 4 and 0.114 8, respectively, the determination coefficient R2 of greater than 0.99, and the relative error of baicalin content of less than 5%. This indicates that the on-line near infrared reflectance spectroscopy could be applied in on-line monitor and quality control of the extraction process of Scutellariae Radix formula particles.
Automation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) after cesarean section in secondary and above medical institutions in China since 2009,and provide data support for monitoring healthcare-associated infection(HAI).Methods Literatures on SSI following cesarean section published after 2009 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Chinese Science&Technology Journal Database (VIP),Wanfang Database,and PubMed,quality of literatures was evaluated by referring to disease incidence or morbidity quality evaluation criteria,combined incidence of SSI was estimated by Meta analysis,subgroup analysis was performed according to the levels of the medical institutions.Results A total of 61 literatures were included in the study,19,36,and 6 literatures were with quality scores of 7,6,and 5 respectively,the overall quality of literatures was better.The total sample size was 173 319 cases,2 860 cases occurred SSI,incidence of SSI after cesarean section was 1.8％(95％CI[1.6％,2.0％]).Subgroup analysis showed that incidence of HAI in secondary medical institutions was 2.3％(95％ CI[1.8％,2.7％]),which was higher than 1.4％ (95％CI[1.2％,1.7％])of tertiary medical institutions.Conclusion Incidence of SSI after cesarean section in secondary and above medical institutions in China is high,and is different among different levels of medical institutions.Different monitoring baselines should be established according to actual condition,so as to guide HAI control work scientifically.

The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial translocation and change in intestinal permeability in patients after abdominal surgery. Sixty-three patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to operation and 2, 24, 48 h after surgery for bacterial culture, microbial DNA extraction, plasma D-lactate and endotoxin measurement. PCR analysis was performed after DNA extraction, with beta-lactosidase gene of E. coli and 16S rRNA gene as target genes. All patients were observed for a period of 30 days for infectious complications. Our results showed that no bacterial DNA was detected before surgery, but after operation it was found in 12 patients (19.0%). Bacterial DNA was detected in 41.7% (10/24) of SIRS patients and 5.1% (2/39) of non-SIRS patients (P<0.01). About 83.3% of PCR-positive patients developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), but only 27.5% of PCR-negative patients did so (P<0.01). Two thirds of PCR-positive patients developed infectious complications, while none of PCR-negative patients did (P<0.01). The blood culture was positive only in 3 patients (4.8%), who were all PCR-positive. E. coli DNA was found in 66.7% of the PCR-positive patients. The plasma levels of D-lactate and endotoxin were elevated significantly 2, 24 and 48 h after operation in PCR-positive patients, with a significant positive correlation found between them (r=0.91, P<0.01). It is concluded that increased intestinal permeability was closely related with bacterial translocation. Intestinal bacterial translocation (most commonly E. coli) might occur at early stage (2 h) after abdominal surgery. Postoperative SIRS and infection might bear a close relationship with bacterial translocation.

Objective To study the relationship of abnormal family history in the first degree relatives and the clinical phenotype of patients with polyeystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Clinical data of first degree relatives of 139 women with PCOS were collected by questionnaires,including body mass index(BMI),waist hip ratio(WHR),and hursutism score.Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin(PRL),testosterone(T),androstenedione(A),oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and insulin releasing test were measured.Results(1)Compared with patients with a negative family history of diabetes mellitus,for women with a positive family history,WHR(0.99?0.10 vs 0.79?0.08)and score of hirsutism(1.9?1.2 vs 1.8?1.2)were increased,the duration of menstruation was longer[(108?10)vs(92?19)days];A[(11?6)vs(8?5)nmol/L],homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR,3.5?2.0 vs 2.7?1.6),area under curve(AUC) glucose[(836?245)vs(748?139)nmol?L~(-1)?min~(-1)],AUC insulin[(9670?4582)vs(7330?4311) mIU?L~(-1)?min~(-1)],fasting glucose[(5.0?1.1)vs(4.8?0.5)mmol/L]and fasting insulin[(15?8)vs (11?8)mIU/L]were increased,while early insulin secretion function index(?I60/?G60,32?22 vs 52?30),insulin sensitive index(ISI,0.019?0.011 vs 0.033?0.014)and disposition index(DI,18? 10 vs 30?22;P

A new thermophilic fungus J18 isolated from the soil samples was identified as Paecilomyces thermophila. This strain produced effectively xylanase utilizing several lignocellulosic materials in the solid-state fermentation (SSF) , and wheat straw was the best carbon source. The results of single-factor-experiment showed that the wheat straw of particle size 0. 3 mm ~ 0.45 mm, initial moisture content of 83% , initial pH of 7. 0 and cultivation temperature of 50℃were the optimal conditions for xylanase production. Under the optimized conditions, it produced 18 580 U/g dry substrate after 8 days of cultivation. Therefore, xylanase production by Paecilomyces thermophila in SSF possess great potential for commercial applications.

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression of mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a rat model of hyperoxia-induced retinopathy and to investigate the role of VEGF in the process of neovascularization in retinopathy.

METHODSOne hundred fifty one-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into hyperoxia-induced retinopathy and normal control groups. The rats in the retinopathy group were exposed to (80 +/- 2)% oxygen for 7 days and then replaced by room air. The rats in the control group were exposed to room air all the time of the experiment. The morphologic changes of retinal vessels were estimated by observing the vascular pattern in adenosine diphosphate ase (ADPase) stained retina flat mounts. The newborn vessels were quantified by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the VEGF mRNA expression.

RESULTSIn the retinopathy group at 7 days of age, most of central radial vessels became constricted and blocked, and central perfusion decreased obviously. After switching to room air exposure for 7 days (14 days of age), noticeable retinal neovascularization appeared. The expression of VEGF mRNA in the retinopathy group at 7 days of hyperoxia exposure was noticeably lower than in the control group, and increased gradually after switching to room air exposure. At 9 and 14 days of age, the expression of VEGF mRNA in the retinopathy group was noticeably higher than in the control group. The expression of retinal VEGF mRNA in the retinopathy group increased before neovascularization occurred, and decreased with regression of new vessels.

CONCLUSIONSHyperoxia exposure may decrease the transcription of VEGF mRNA and the growth of retinal blood vessels. The relative hypoxia after hyperxia withdrawal can up-regulate the transcription of VEGF mRNA, resulting in a significant retinal neovascularization. The abnormal expression of VEGF in the retina may play an important role in the development of neovascularization in retinopathy.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxia ; complications ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retina ; pathology ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics

Cutaneous Fistula ; Digestive System Abnormalities ; therapy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Treatment Outcome