Objective To evaluate the significance to detect the Ryanodine receptor (RyR) antibody in the sera of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients.Methods Sarcoplasmic reticulum abound with RyR was extracted by centrifugation,and levels of antibodies in 66 MG patients with thymoma (MGT),98 non-thymoma MG (NTMG) patients,50 non-myasthenia gravis (NMG) patients and 123 normal persons were examined by ELISA-RyR method.Results RyR antibody positive rate of MGT was the highest among MGT,NTMG and NMG groups ( P 0.05).Ages,clinical scores and levels of acetycholine receptor antibodies of patients with RyR antibody positive sera were higher than those with RyR antibody negative sera ( P

Objective To investigate the relationship between arsenic in drinking water and skin lesions in endemic arsenism area in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province,in order to provide epidemiologic data for further arsenism research.Methods One hundred and eighty-nine endemic arsenism patients and 59 controls were randomly selected in 17 endemic amenism countries in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province.The content of arsenic in drinking water which wa8 collected indoom was half-quantitatively screened by a kit made by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,then quantitatively determined by HPLC-ICP-MS.Patients of endemic arsenism were diagnosed by "The Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Amenism"(WS/T 211-2001).Results There were 64.9% (87/134)samples above the arsenic level(50μg/L)of drinking water and the median value of arsenic in drinking water was 91.43 μg/L in 134 water samples.The OR(95%CI)value between arsenic in drinking water and hyperkeratosis,hyperpigmentation,depigmentation was 2.46(1.22-4.94),3.34(1.50～7.44)and 2.86(1.50-5.46),respectively.The prevalence of hyperkeratosis,hyperpigmentation and depigmentation increased,as the arsenic in drinking water increased(≤10,≤50,≤200,＞200μg/L),especially in＞200μg/L group(OR=6.15,13.96,11.41,P＜0.05).The arsenic level in drinking water of Ⅲ degree of depigmentation patients(318.300μg/L)was higher(P＜0.05)than that of 0,Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree groups(86.670,131.800,1 10.590μg/L,P＜0.05).Conclusions Shanyin County is a medial arsenic pollution area. Arsenic in drinking water is considered as a risk factor of skin lesion. The degree of skin lesions increased,as the arsenic in drinking water increased.

Objective To investigate the influence of high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) on peroxidation and vascular endothelial function for experimental hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) rats. Methods Thirty five male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control group (n=8) was given ordinary feed. High methionine group (n=27) was given 3% methionine on this basis, and divided into model group, folic acid group and HIIT+ folic acid group, with 9 rats per group for 16 weeks. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) , content of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) , hydroxyl radical (OH-), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, as well as the level of Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) . The pathology of abdominal aortas was analyzed.Results Sixteen weeks after intervention, there was no significant difference between HIIT + folic acid group and the control group (P>0.05) . The levels of serum Hcy in the model group, folic acid group and the HIIT+folic acid group were (23.95±3.35) μmol/L,(8.73±0.60) μmol/L, and (6.19±0.34) μmol/L respectively (P<0.05) . Sixteen weeks after intervention, the content of MDA in HIIT+ folic acid group reduced, and there was no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). The level of SOD and GSH-PX increased in HIIT+ folic acid group and folic acid group, and there was a significant difference compared with the model group. There were significant differences in activities of SOD and GSH-PX in HIIT+ folic acid group when compared with folic acid group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in levels of ET-1, NOS and NO in folic acid group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the level of ET-1 and NOS between HIIT+folic acid group and control group (P>0.05) . Mild atherosclerotic lesions were observed in the HIIT+folic group. Conclusion High methionine diet can reduce the level of serum Hcy in HHcy rats, and high intensity interval exercise combined with folic acid intervention could reduce the level of serum Hcy, improve oxidative stress state, reduce the injury of endothelial function, and thus to alleviate atherosclerotic lesion.

Objective To explore the long-term effect of endemic arsenism on oxidative stress and immune function, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of the disease in the areas. Methods In 2009, Using cluster sampling and typical investigation, the cross-sectional study was completed. The patient groups and the internal control group were selected in the arsenism areas after 5 years quality improvement of drinking water(Silizhuang village, Daying village and Gucheng village in Shanyin county, Gucheng city, Shanxi province) and they were divided into mild, moderate, severe case and internal control groups, respectively. The external control group was selected in a non-arsenism area(Yangzhuang village in Heshengbu city). The Oxidative stress indicators were determined and analyzed [serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined with xanthine oxidase method, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity was determined with 2-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid method, and mmuuity malondisldohyde(MDA) levels was determined with thiobarbituric acid method]. The immune function was determined and analyzed [immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined with radioimmunoassay method, and serum lysozyme was determined with turbidimetric method]. Results A total of 252 people were surveyed, in which the external control group, the internal control group, mild, moderate and severe patient groups were 56, 57, 49,44 and 46, respectively. Serum SOD activities were (72.19 ± 11.75), (66.96 ± 12.02), (49.79±11.07), (48.54 ±10.56) and (47.68 ± 10.68)kU/L, respectively. The difference of serum SOD activities between the groups was statistically significant(F = 52.42, P ＜ 0.01 ). Serum SOD activities in the external control group were significantly higher than other groups (all P ＜ 0.05). The value in the internal control group was significantly higher than the 3patient groups (all P ＜ 0.05). There were no significant differences between the case groups (P ＞ 0.05). Serum GSH-Px activities of the five groups were (197.41 ± 38.54), (195.02 ± 31.93), (187.26 ± 28.22), (187.24 ± 25.40),(186.88 ± 21.84)U/mg, respectively, and the difference between the groups was not significant(H = 4.21, P ＞0.05). Serum MDA levels of the five groups were (4.51 ± 2.14), (5.88 ± 2.00), (6.44 ± 2.83), (5.89 ± 2.57),(5.88 ± 2.40)μ mol/L, respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(F = 3.36,P ＜ 0.05). The external control group was significantly lower than other groups(all P ＜ 0.05). No significant difference was observed between other groups(all P ＞ 0.05). Serum IgG levels were(11.16 ± 2.08), (8.15 ± 1.44), (8.77 ±2.54), (9.19 ± 1.97), (8.44 ± 2.52)g/L, respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(H = 52.92, P ＜ 0.01 ). The external control group was significantly higher than other groups(all P ＜0.05). No significant difference was observed between other groups(all P ＞ 0.05). Serum lysozyme levels were (13.57 ± 5.16), (10.05 ± 3.96), (8.78 ± 3.35), (8.72 ± 3.76), (9.38 ± 4.26)mg/L, respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (H = 35.00, P ＜ 0.01 ). The external control group was significantly higher than other groups(all P ＜ 0.05). No significant difference was observed between other groups(all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions The effect of arsenic on the body's oxidative stress response and immune function persists after 5 years of drinking low arsenic water. In addition to intensify arsenic removal from drinking water, it should also strengthen the monitoring of population's health in the diseased areas.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of dermal template on the expressions of signal transduction protein Smad 3 and transforming growth factor beta1 and its receptor during wound healing process in patients with deep burns.

METHODSTwenty burn patients with excision of full thickness burn in the extremities were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups, i.e. template interfering group (E, n = 20, grafting of dermal template [allogeneic acellular dermal matrix] with razor thin autoskin) and control group (C, n = 20, grafting of razor thin autoskin only). The contralateral side served as the self-control. Tissue samples from the burn wounds were harvested at 1, 2, 3 and 4 post-operative weeks (POW) for immunohistochemistry staining. The positive expression rates of TGF-beta1, TbetaRI, TbetaRII and Smad3 proteins were determined by image analysis system.

RESULTSThe positive expressions of TGFbeta1, TbetaRI, TbetaRII and signal transduction protein Smad 3 in the tissue samples in both groups could be identified during 1 approximately 4 POW, and they diminished thereafter with the process of wound healing. The expression rate of TGF-beta1 in E group was (13.08 +/- 4.65)% at 1 POW and (9.03 +/- 1.89)% at 4 POW. The positive expression rate of above indices in E group was obviously lower than that in C group in corresponding time points (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression levels of TGFbeta1, TbetaRI, TbetaRII and Smad 3 protein in deep burn wounds could be lowered by mixed grafting of dermal template with razor thin autoskin, which might be beneficial in ameliorating of scar hyperplasia in the burn wound.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; metabolism ; surgery ; Dermis ; transplantation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; Signal Transduction ; Skin Transplantation ; Smad3 Protein ; biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; biosynthesis ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Wound Healing

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Condylomata Acuminata ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Population ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the relationship between drinking water from farmland edge and digestive tract cancers in rural areas.Methods A total of 180 cases of digestive tract cancers from Longquan city,Jinyun county and Qingtian county were selected and 360 controls with the same age group and sex were enrolled.1∶2 matched design of case-control study was used.The data was analyzed by Wilcoxon matched -pairs signed -ranks test.Results Overall,individuals who drank water from farmland edge were more likely to have digestive tract cancer among 3 areas (OR=4.005 ,95%CI:2.228-7.199).In Qingtian county the risk of digestive tract cancers in individuals who drank water from farmland edge was 5.375 times of control group population (95%CI:2.287 -12.635 ),But there was not statistically significant in Longquan city and Jinyun county (P >0.05 ).For gastric cancer,the proportion of drinking farmland edge water was significantly higher in cases than that in control group (OR=4.875,95%CI:2.007-11.839),while the difference was not statistically significant for liver cancer,colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer (P>0.05 ).In Qingtian county ,for gastric cancer,the proportion of drinking water from farmland edge was 5.750 times of control group population (95%CI:1.683-19.649).But there was not statistically significant in other cancers(P>0.05).Conclusion Drinking water near farmland edge may be one of the risk factors of gastric cancer in rural areas.

OBJECTIVETo explore the level and feature of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas, as to finding out an evidence for the study and prevention of the arsenic exposure.

METHODSThe birth situation of neonate was surveyed from 1998 to 2004 in water arsenic exposure areas according to cross-sectional survey. The results were classified in accordance with ICD-10 and common surveillance of china. The population of Shanyin County served as the common people and the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 for windows.

RESULTSThe neonates surveyed were 2467 cases. There were 49 neonates deformity found in this investigation, giving a neonate deformity rate of 198.62 per 10,000 cases, which was shown significantly higher in water arsenic exposure areas than in the normal (U = 3.23, P < 0.01), with types of nervous system deformity, limbs deformity and congenital heart disease as in system classification. There was no significant difference of deformity rate in different sex neonates (chi2 = 0.32, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe drinking high-arsenic water over a long period of time should be a risk factor of neonate deformity. Prevention and treatment of endemic arsenic exposure should be urgently needed.

Arsenic ; analysis ; Arsenic Poisoning ; complications ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Water ; analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; analysis ; Water Supply ; analysis

Objective To become aware of the present distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride in endemic fluorosis disease areas in Shanxi Province, and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control. Methods According to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control" in the year 2004 to 2006, the investigation points were selected in 60 counties at 8 cities of Shanxi Province. The fluoride levels of water were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode. Results The fluoride content of water was determined in 2990 villages in 60 counties. Water fluorides content of 1658 villages were above 1.00 mg/L, accounted for 55.45%(1658/2990). The highest water fluoride content was 9.72 mg/L. Villages with high fluoride water in Taiyuan, Datong, Xinding, Linfen, Yuncheng basins accounted for 89.63% (1486/1658) among villages with high fluoride in Shanxi Province. In Shanxi Province the villages with high fluoride water were mainly distributed over 5 basins and scattered on the other areas. The distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride were different in 5 basins(H=316.10, P<0.05). The Water fluorides content in Datong basin(2.32 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of the other basins (P<0.05) and the ratio of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard was 81.16%(336/414) in Datong basin. Conclusions Drinking water source with high fluoride are widespread distributed in Shanxi Province and mainly distributed in 5 basins. The situation of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard is serious. The task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. Therefore, we should strength water improving to raise the effect of prevention and treatment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEIn China, there has been no established national program for cervical cancer prevention, the screening methods and experiences are especially deficient in the rural areas. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of acetic acid/Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) used for screening of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in a rural area of China by analyzing the large-scale population-based screening data from the demonstration site.

METHODSWomen aged 30-59 years from Xiangyuan County in Shanxi Province were recruited for cervical cancer screening from 2005 to 2007. VIA/VILI was the primary screening method followed by colposcopy if the VIA/VILI was positive. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by directed biopsy under the colposcopy. The VIA/VILI negative women or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) were re-screened using the same procedure in the next year.

RESULTSIn total, 7145 women received the cervical cancer screening, with a participation rate of 74.75%. Their average age was 42.16 years. A total of 1287 women were consecutively screened for three times from 2005 to 2007. The detection rates of CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.70% (9/1287), 1.01% (13/1287) and 0.23% (3/1287) for the first round screening, and were 0.22% (2/976), 0.11% (1/976) and 0% (0/976) for the second round screening, respectively. Only one CIN2 was found in the third round screening. In the years of 2006-2007, 3490 women were screened consecutively twice. The detection rates of CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.26% (9/3490), 0.52% (18/3490) and 0.15% (5/3490) for the first round screening, and 0.40% (14/2943), 0.40% (14/2943) and 0.03% (1/2943) for the second round screening. Likewise, 2 368 women were screened consecutively twice in the years of 2007-2008. The detection rates of CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.55% (13/2368), 0.25% (6/2368) and 0.12% (3/2368) for the first round screening, and 0.42 (10/2040), 0.04% (1/2040) and 0% for the second round screening. The cumulative detection rates for CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.81% (58/7145), 0.74% (53/7145) and 0.17% (12/7145), respectively. And 53.45% (31/58) of CIN2, 68.81% (37/53) of CIN3 and almost all cervical cancers (11/12) were found during the first round screening, except for an early stage cervical cancer (Ia). Only one CIN2 was detected in the third round screening in the same population. The average age of CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 38.65, 40.61, 44.10 and 46.73 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSVIA/VILI can be used as an alternative screening method for cervical cancer and high-grade pre-cancerous lesions among the women aged 30-59 years in China's rural areas because of its low cost, easy training for the local health providers, and less depending on facilities. One round screening by VIA/VILI can detect more than a half of CIN2, two-thirds of CIN3 and almost all the cervical cancer in the population, and the detection rates of CIN2/3 can be increased by two consecutive rounds of screening.

Acetic Acid ; Adult ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; China ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iodides ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis