A total of 1512 adult inhabitants were randomly recruited in Zhaiji district of Guiyang city in September2009.The levels of triglyceride (TG),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and the prevalences of abdominal obesity and hypertension increased significantly in the subclinical hypothyroidism group conpared to the euthyroid group (P＜0.05).The prevalences of high TG,low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the subgroup Ⅳ were higher than the subgroup Ⅰ (P＜0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that TSH was positively related to TG (P＜0.05).Logistic regression demonstrated that TSH was a risk factor for MS.Either in the euthyroid or total subjects serum TSH levels in the MS group were significantly higher than those in non-MS group(P＜0.05).

Objective To explore the association of serum uric acid (UA) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components.Methods A total of 1 512 inhabitants aged 20 years old and above in Zhaiji community of Guiyang urban areas were investigated from November 2009 to February 2010 by adopting stratified cluster sampling method (634 males and 878 females).All subjects were asked to fulfill the questionnaires and to measure the height,weight,waist circumstance (WC),and blood pressure ; and to undertake oral glucose tolerance test.Venous blood samples were drawn to measure UA,fasting plasma glucose,2 h postprandial plasma glucose,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,and fasting insulin.Results (1) Age,body mass index (BMI),WC,TG,and blood pressure,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) increased with UA (all P＜0.05).(2) UA was positively associated with the risk of MS (P＜ 0.05).After adjusting for age,sex,BMI,waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),and HOMA-IR,the risk of MS in individuals with the highest uric acid quartiles was significantly increased compared to those with the lowest quartile (OR =2.86,95 ％ CI 1.70-4.84,P＜0.05),and this finding was especially evident in females (OR=2.80,95％ CI 1.51-5.17,P＜0.05).(3) UA was strongly related to WC (OR =1.76,95％ CI0.95-3.27,P＜0.05),blood pressure (OR =1.66,95 ％ CI 1.13-2.43,P＜0.05),and TG (OR =2.80,95％ CI 1.97-3.96,P＜0.05) after adjustment for age,sex,BMI,WHR,and HOMA-IR.Conclusion The prevalence of MS increased with UA.Higher UA level may be an independent risk factor for MS.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH) and dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 1 512 inhabitants in Zhaiji community of Guiyang urban areas were investigated from November 2009 to February 2010 by adopting stratified cluster sampling method, and 1 428 subjects were included in the present study. All subjects were asked to fulfill the questionnaires and to pass a physical examination. The vein blood samples were taken for determination of serum TSH, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, as well as blood lipid levels. Results Triglyceride ( TG ) , total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased in woman with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) compared to those with euthyroid(all P<0. 05). However, there was no significant difference in man between two groups(P>0. 05). The incidences of hypertriglyceridemia in the euthyroid group from quartile 1 toquartile4ofTSHwere33.3%,35.5%,39.7%,and44.0% respectively(P<0.05). SerumTGlevelwas increased with TSH in woman and total subjects after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index ( BMI) , waist-hip ratio (WHR), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR, P<0. 05). Serum TSH levels in the total sample were positively associated with TG after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, WHR, and HOMA-IR (β=0. 088,P<0. 05). Conclusion Higher serum TSH levels even within normal range seems to be a risk factor of dyslipidemia.

?-arbutin is biosynthesized by whole cell method with Xanthomona maltophilia BT-112.The conditions for cell biosynthesized ?-arbutin are investigated as follows:temperature,25℃;concentration of hydroquinone,30mmol/L;mol ratio of sucrose and hydroquinone,20∶1;time course of ?-arbutin biosynthesis,45 hours;rotational speed,160r/min;concentration of Xanthomona maltophilia BT-112,85g/L;concentration of K-2HPO-4-KH-2PO-4 buffer solution,25mmol/L;pH of K-2HPO-4-KH-2PO-4 buffer solution,8.0.Under the above optimal conditions,the maximum of molar conversion yield based on the amount of hydroquinone supplied reaches 86.7%.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect,safety,and advantage of flexible fixation with paperboard and pad versus short leg plaster in treating the fifth metatarsal base fracture,and establish the standard of diagnosis and treatment of the fifth metatarsal base fractures in flexible fixation with paperboard and pad.

METHODSFrom June 2010 to March 2013,59 patients with the fifth metatarsal base fracture were treated with paperboard and pad fixation or short leg plaster. Patients were enrolled and divided into paperboard and pad treatment group (paperboard group) and short leg plaster treatment group (plaster group) randomly according to the random number table. In paperboard group,there were 29 cases including 9 males and 20 females with an average age of (51.79±11.40) years old; the average course of injury was (11.59±6.58) hours. In plaster group, there were 30 cases including 9 males and 21 females with an average age of (52.13+17.34) years old ;the average course of injury was (11.03±7.06) hours. According to whether the fracture line across the articular surface, in paperboard group there were 14 cases of type A,15 of type B; in plaster group,16 of type A, 14 of type B. According to the degree of dislocation,in paperboard group there were 16 cases of degree I ,13 of degree II ; in plaster group,20 were degree I ,10 were degree II. Fracture was restored according to the type in manual. Patients in paperboard group were treated with paperboard and pad, and patients in plaster group were treated with short leg plaster. Fracture was fixed for 4 to 6 weeks according to fracture healing. On the 2nd, 4th,6th, 8th week and 3rd, 6th month after fixation, patients were followed up, and the foot function score was used to evaluate the function of injured foot. X-ray of injured foot was taken on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week were used to assess fracture healing.

RESULTSAll patients got complete follow-up. The X-ray result showed that all fracture reached at clinical healing on the 8th week after fixation without skin ulcer,nonunion and displacement of fracture. From the 4th to 8th week after fixation, paperboard group had a higher X-ray score than plaster group, but the difference between two groups had no statistically significance. Repeated analysis result showed that there was interact at different time point and between groups,the difference had statistically significance (P<0.01). The foot function score showed that at all time point, paperboard group had a higher score than plaster group, and on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week, it had statistically significant difference(P<0.01) between two groups. On the 6th months after fixation,the excellent and good rate of paperboard group was 93.10%, higher than that of plaster group, which was 86.67%. But it had no statistically difference(P=0.483) between two groups.

CONCLUSIONUsing paperboard and pad fixation to treat the fifth metatarsal base fracture has the advantage of simplicity operating,reliable fixation, satisfactory effects, easily obtainable material.

Adult ; Aged ; Casts, Surgical ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Objective To select an ideal Parkinson ’ s disease ( PD) animal model with metabolic abnormalities for subsequent experimental studies .Methods A total of 62 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups:damaged medial forebrain bundle ( MFB) model group, damaged medial forebrain bundle ( MFB) sham group, damaged Striatum model group and damaged Striatum sham group .After detecting the rotation experiment , successful model rats of two groups were selected to detect the changes of food intake , body weight , blood glucose and intra-abdominal adipose tissue.Results It was easier to produce a PD model by destroying MFB than striatum .Compared with sham-operated rats, MFB model rats showed significant abnormality both in reduction of body weight [(218.1 ±13.99) g vs (252.7 ±10.1)g, P<0.05] and high blood glucose appeared at 15min and 30min after introperitoneal glucose tolerance test ( IPGTT) .Their perirenal white adipose tissue was significantly reduced ( both left and right side ) .Striatum model rats only appeared decreased food intake [(13.95 ±0.25)g vs (20.23 ±0.86)g, P<0.001] and impaired glucose regulation at 15min, 30min and 60min after IPGTT.Their body weight and adipose tissue did not change significantly .Conclusion No matter in the success rate or metabolism-related indicators , MFB damaged rat model of PD is more suitable to study PD patients with abnormal lipid metabolism compared with Striatum rat model .

Objective To investigate the relationship between changes of ankle brachial index (ABI) and adverse cardiovascular events. Methods Baseline survey was conducted in 4 160 forty-year-old or older citizens living in Yunyan District of Guiyang City from May to August of 2011, which was in the way of cluster sampling to obtain their ABI and to collect information related to physical and blood biochemical examination and disease history. These citizens were conducted a follow-up survey for (39.29±1.47) months from July to December of 2014. Based on the change of ABI (ΔABI) from initial survey to follow-up survey, participants were subsequently divided into three groups: ΔABI>0.15 group,-0.15≤ΔABI≤0.15 group and ΔABI<-0.15 group. The adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up survey were compared between three groups. The risk factors affecting the adverse cardiovascular events were analyzed. Results Follow-up surveys were completed in 3 220 citizens in 3 years. The follow-up rate was 77.4%. Eighty-two new cases (2.5%) of adverse cardiovascular events were found in 3 220 cases in follow-up. The incidence rates of adverse cardiovascular events were higher inΔABI<-0.15 group compared with those of-0.15≤ΔABI≤0.15 group (8.3%vs. 2.4%, P<0.016 7). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, hypertension history, and ΔABI<-0.15 were risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events. Exercise was the protective factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusion Subjects withΔABI<-0.15 are at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. The ΔABI can be used as a means of monitoring of adverse cardiovascular event, which provides certain forecast value for determining the possibility of adverse cardiovascular event.

Objective To investigate the relationship between brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and the incidence of cardio-cerebral events in people aged over 40. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to prospectively study 4 380 residents aged over 40 in Guiyang City District from May to August in 2011. Data of ba-PWV were collected. The follow-up examination was conducted from July to November of 2014. According to ba-PWV values, participants were divided into three groups:<14 m/s (control, n=1 039) group, 14-17.9 m/s group (n=1 393) and≥18 m/s group (n=809). Multi-factor Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between ba-PWV values and risk factors of cardio-cerebral events. Results After three-year follow-up, a total of 3 241 participants were included in the final analysis. The cardio-cerebral events were identified in 63 (2.0%) cases, which were 0.6%, 2.2%and 3.2%in control group, 14-17.9 m/s group and≥18 m/s group. The value of ba-PWV increased significantly in those two groups compared with that of normal group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebralvascular events in 14-17.9 m/s group and≥18 m/s group were 2.777 (1.123-6.864) and 2.786 (1.032-7.526) times of control group after adjusting age, gender, systolic blood pressure, risk factors of diabetes, hypertension and blood lipids. Conclusion There is higher incidence rate of cardio-cerebral events in people aged over 40 in higher ba-PWV group. The value of Ba-PWV can be used to predict the occurrence of cardio-cerebral events.

_ Objective_ To examine the association between sleep duration, TV watching time, and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in people aged 40 or older in Guiyang city. Methods Data were obtained at the baseline examination ofThe epidemiological study on the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes in China in 2011. Follow-up study was conducted in 2014 to 2015. A total of 4 392(female 2 987, male 1 405)were included in the analysis. Results According to diagnostic criteria of International Diabetes Federation(IDF)in 2005, 1 035(812 women, 223 men) of the cohort developed metabolic syndrome during an average follow up for 3 years. Sleep duration was classified as≤7 h/d, 7-9 h/d,≥9 h/d, the incidence of metabolic syndrome was 24. 46%, 22. 43%, 23. 65%, respectively. TV watching time was divided into 0-1 h/d, 1. 1-2 h/d, 2. 1-4 h/d,>4 h/d, the incidence rates were 20. 67%, 22. 91%, 24. 61%, 25. 76%, respectively. In multivariate logistics regression analysis, compared with 0-1 h/d, the RR values of women with TV watching time during 1. 1-2 h/d, 2. 1-4 h/d,>4 h/d were 1. 098(95%CI 0. 789-1. 528), 141. 6(95% CI 1. 052-1. 906), 1. 559(95% CI 1. 090-2. 233), respectively. Conclusion The standardized incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in the general population was 23. 12%, the crude rate was 23. 57%. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was unrelated to the sleep duration and TV watching time as a whole or in men. TV watching time more than 2 hours a day may increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome in women.

Objective To investigate the change of prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in Guiyang city after adjustment of salt iodine content, and to study the link between the level of iodine intake and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods With cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 20 years old or above in Guiyang in 2009 (before adjustment, n=1 509) and 2015 (after adjustment, n=1 368). After an overnight fasting, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured. The serum FT4 and FT3 were determined for the subjects with abnormal TSH. Meanwhile, urine iodine levels of children aged 8-10 years old in the same community were measured after an overnight fasting in these two studies. Results In 2009, the median level of 8-10 years old children′s urinary iodine was 228.7 μg/L. The prevalence of positive TPOAb, positive TgAb, and thyroid autoantibodies (TAAs) were 14.38%, 13.59%, 18.89%, the standardized prevalence were 14.35%, 13.59%, 18.89% respectively. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis were 14.12% and 4.44%, with the standardized prevalence were 14.12%, 4.42% respectively. In 2015, the median urinary iodine level of 8-10 years old children was 190.1 μg/L, the prevalence of positive TPOAb, positive TgAb, and TAAs were 8.77%, 7.82%, 11.77%, the standardized prevalence were 8.98%, 7.97%, 12.13% respectively; the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis were 22.89%, 2.92%, with the standardized prevalences of 23.19%, 3.02% respectively. Conclusion After adjustment of salt iodine content, the iodine nutrition in Guiyang is at the appropriate level, and the values of TPOAb, TgAb, TAA, and autoimmune thyroiditis in adults of Guiyang city were all decreased.