We took such measures in internal medicine practice teaching in five-year program as actualizing special teachers’supervision system,adopting multiple teaching methods (enlightening,case-based,question-based,multimedia),taking interview of teachers and students,and enhancing doctor-patient communication.

AIM:To investigate the feasibility and specificity of gastric carcinoma gene therapy by utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit survivin expression in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:Small interference RNA (siRNA) homologous to survivin was designed. pTZU6+1-siRNA-survivin vector was constructed and transfected into BGC-823 cells. The transplanted BGC-823 tumor in nude mice was established to induce RNAi. The changes of survivin gene expression,tumor cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,RT-PCR,Western blotting,immunochemistry and TUNEL. RESULTS:The expression of survivin was obviously inhibited by RNAi in vitro. The phase of cell cycle indicated the reduction of S phase,while G1/G0 phase increased. Cell apoptosis was obvious. Both the mRNA level and the protein expression of survivin decreased obviously. The tumor size reduced after treated with pTZU6+1-siRNA-survivin vector in vivo. The expression of survivin decreased in siRNA treatment group. In contrast,little change in control group in vitro and in vivo was observed. CONCLUSION:RNA interference down-regulates survivin gene expression,inhibits BGC-823 cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis with good specificity,which may be a possible new approach for neoplasm gene therapy.

In China medical university 8 weeks early exposing to scientific research have been arranged for the students on seven-year program of clinical medicine. The purpose is to let the students understand scientific research procedures based on the tutor's research project. The students gain great achievements. The result of questionnaire shows that the attitudes of the students are positive and 81% of them are satisfied in general. The paper also summarizes the experiences of the practice.

Huang-Qin is a traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Its major bioactive compounds are diverse flavone O-glucuronides and glucosides. Although three flavonoid O-glycosyltransferases have been identified from S. baicalensis, this information is not sufficient to elucidate the structural diversity of flavonoid glycosides. In this study, nine glycosyltransferase candidate genes were discovered from S. baicalensis by BLAST analysis and their functions were characterized after heterologous expression. Three new flavone O-glycosyltransferases were able to catalyze the formation of major compounds in S. baicalensis, including baicalin and wogonoside. These enzymes could also utilize exogenous flavones as sugar acceptors. This work further elucidates biosynthetic pathways for Scutellaria flavonoid O-glycosides.

Objective To identify the effects of the subthalamic nuclei(STN)high frequency stimulation(HFS)on striatal and nigral dopaminergic metabolism in rats.Methods The effects of subthalamie nuclei high frequency stimulation(STN-HFS)on striatal dopaminergie metabolism was investigated in free moving rats.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot of striatal and nigral tyrosine hydroxyiase(TH)were performed.Results Our data suggest that STN- HFS elevated TH protein(0.99?0.14 vs 0.33?0.08,P

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to find out the impact of micro-ecological environment on the incidence of allergic rhinitis after developing a model of allergic rhinitis on mice. METHOD: Sixty mice were randomly divided into GF group (n=30) and SPF group (n=30). Mice of GF group were fed in the germ-free environment and mice of SPF group were fed in the specific pathogen-free environment. Then each group were randomly divided into model group (20 mice) and control group (10 mice). Establish allergic rhinitis model in the mice of model group using ovalbumin (OVA) at the age of 6 weeks, observe and score the corresponding symptoms and signs that could been induced. Stain with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining method for nasal mucosa to observe the morphological changes. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect the concentration of IgE, IFN-γ and IL-4 in the peripheral blood serum. RESULT: The chi square test showed that the incidence of allergic rhinithis in the mice of GF group was significantly higher than that in the SPF group (P< 0. 05). HE staining showed that the nasal mucosas of allergic rhinitis positive reaction mice were highly congestive and edematous and had a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, while there was no abnormal morphology of nasal mucosas in mice with no allergic rhinitis reaction. EOS counting displayed that the number of eosinophilic cells in nasal mucosa of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was increased significantly. The concentration of IgE and IL-4 in the serum of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was highly increased (P <0. 05), and IFN-γ was significantly decreased (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION The difference of micro-ecological environment may play a key role in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in mice.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Environment ; Incidence ; Interleukin-4 ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasal Mucosa ; Ovalbumin ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology

Objective:To determine the immunological effects of a new type adjuvant CTA 1-DD/IgG.Methods:Intranasal im-munization of BALB/c mice with OVA in combination with adjuvant CTA 1-DD or CTA1-DD/IgG.Blood samples were subjected to OVA-specific IgG Abs detection and IgG subclass profiles assessment using ELISA.Splenic plasma cells secreting anti-OVA Abs were detected by ELISPOT.Results:CTA1-DD/IgG showed stronger activity in inducing OVA-specific IgG Abs and splenic Abs-secreting cells compared with CTA1-DD.The enhancement of IgG1,IgG2a and IgG2b Abs were observed,and the ratio IgG2a/IgG1 were >1 in both groups.Conclusion: CTA1-DD/IgG can exert enhanced adjuvant effects compared with CTA 1-DD.Mixed IgG subclasses are induced,indicating a more balanced Th1/Th2 response.

Objective To retrospectively analyze 45 cases of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors and to assess the efficacy and feasibility of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors implanted with 125I radioactive seeds under guidance of ultrasound.Methods A total of 47 focuses in these 45 patients were determined with the size of these tumors by imaging study,the section was planed by ultrasound,the number and distribution of radioactive seeds were determined with the help of the particle treatment planning system,and were percutaneously implanted particles under guidance of ultrasound.The number and the distribution of particles were assessed by CT.Efficacy endpoints were reexamined and evaluated regularly by ultrasonic and CT according to the standards of WHO.Results The total percentage of efficacy was 70.2% (including complete remission,partial remission).The treatment effect of metastatic carcinoma of lymph node is superior to the parotid tumor.There was no serious complication during the period of implanting and 2 patients with oral ulcers were found after operation.Conclusion The oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor treated implanted with 125I radioactive seeds under guidance of ultrasound is very effective and safe,which is deserved to popularize.The ultrasound is the first choice as a guided method for oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.

Objective To investigate the expressions of intermedin /adrenomeduliin 2 (IMD/AM2) and its receptor calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) in the kidney of rats after renal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI). Methods Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups: sham group and operation group. Renal IRI model was induced by clamping both renal arteries. Blood and kidney were harversted at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after reperfusion, respectively. Renal histological changes were semi-quantitated. Expressions of IMD and CRLR in the kidney were detected by Western blot, and the content of IMD in serum was measured by radioimmunity at 12 h, 48 h, 72 h after repeffusion. Results Kidneys of renal IRI model rats displayed significant pathologic changes, and the changes were much severer at 48 h after reperfusion. The expressions of IMD and CRLR in kidney were significantly up-regnlated at 12 h, 48 h, 72 h after renal IRI (P<0.01). The level of IMD in serum increased at 12 h, 48 h, 72 h after renal IRI (P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of IMD and its receptor are up-regulated in the kidney after renal IRI, which may participate in the pathophysiological changes induced by renal IRI.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a classic protein tyrosine kinase receptor, which plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, differentiation and apoptosis. Abnormality of EGFR and its signaling are closely associated with tumor initiation and development. Many environmental physical and chemical agents can interfere with EGFR and its signal transduction pathways via affecting its phosphorylation, conformation and function, or distribution on cell membrane, finally influencing gene expression and cell fate. This review focuses on the recent progress of above aspects for further understanding of epigenetic mechanisms of cellular stress and carcinogenesis related with environmental agents.
Carcinogens ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects