0.05).The grade of antibiotics tended to decline with the increase in of dressing change freqnency so it could decrease the expenditure of antibiotics.The rate of fungal infection lowered while hospitalization did not appear to be prolonged.CONCLUSIONS After the analysis of the use of antibacterials for burn patients,we find that the proper use of antibiotics and the increase in dressing change would lower the grade of antibiotics and expenditure,at the same time they do not increase the rate of bacterial infection and fungal infection,and do not prolong the duration of patients hospitalization time.

To study the chemical constituents of Buddleja lindleyana Fort.. Methods　The constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods and structurally identifed by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. Results　10 compounds were obtained as α-spinasterol (Ⅰ), stigmasterol (Ⅱ)， β-sitosterol (Ⅲ), ursolic acid (Ⅳ), oleanolic acid (Ⅴ),phenanthrene (Ⅵ), glycerol mono tetracosanoate (Ⅶ), nonacosane (Ⅷ), acaciin (Ⅸ) and 6-O-vanilloyl-ajugol (Ⅹ). Conclusion　All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Objective To evaluate the conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosis of splenic trauma including its grading diagnosis. Methods US and CEUS in 42 patients with splenic trauma confirmed by CT and/or operation were performed during 9.2004-10.2007. All the data were compared and analyzed retrospectively. Results Of 42 patients with splenic trauma, 28 cases were detected and 14 cases were missed on US examination, whereas, 40 cases were detected and only 2 mild cases were missed on CEUS examination. The detection rate of lesions with CEUS was significantly higher than that of US (P<0.001) . Ten cases in grading the injury were underestimated by US, however, none of them were underestimated by CEUS. CEUS had good concordance with CT and/or operation in grading diagnosis of 42 cases except two mild cases. Conclusions CEUS has very good concordance with CT and/or operation in detecting injury and grading the splenic trauma compared with conventional US. CEUS as a new imaging technology has made great advance of ultrasoongraphy in evaluation of splenic trauma including injury grading,and it is very useful in clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the intestinal mucosal permeability in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice.Methods Eighteen C57BL/6J mice were evenly divided into healthy control group,model group and anti-TNF-α treated group.The mice of model group and anti-TNF-α treated group were fed with 5％DSS solution for 7 days.The mice of anti-TNF-α treated group were injected anti-TNF-α (5 mg/kg)intraperitoneally on the first and fourth day; control group and model group were substituted with equal volume saline injection.The mice were sacrificed at 7 days after modeling.The disease activity index (DAI) score was evaluated everyday.The intestinal permeability was examined by Evan′s blue (EB) method and FITC-dextran (FITC-D) method.The colon tissue was collected for observation under microscope and histological index (HI).The small intestinal tissues were examined under electron microscope.The 10％ homogenate of colon and intestinal mucosa was prepared,the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO),the content of TNF-α and epithelial myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) concentration were determined with kits respectively.The expression of MLCK in intestinal mucosa was tested by Western blot assay.Single factor of variance between groups were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,the DAI of model group increased daily.Compared with model group,the DAI of anti-TNF-α treated group improved.In model group,mice intestinal epithelial cells junctional complex shortened and widened and the cell gap expanded.In anti-TNF-α treated group,the connection structure of mice intestinal epithelial cells was tighter.The activity of HI and MPO and the content of TNF-α of model group were higher than those of control group (P ＝ 0.008,0.006 and 0.001,respectively),all of those of anti-TNF-α treated group were lower than those of model group (P=0.004,0.008 and 0.005,respectively).The F value of three groups was 131.98,218.28 and 58.93,respectively.The contents of EB in mice intestinal wall and serum FITC-D of model group were higher than those of control group (P=0.003 and 0.010),and those of anti-TNF-α treated group were lower model group (P＝0.001 and 0.009).The F value of three groups was 69.36 and 17.96.The MLCK concentration in mice intestinal mucosa of model group [(71.10± 7.52) ng/g] was higher than that of control group [(18.56±9.92) ng/g,P＜0.01],that of anti-TNF-α treated group [(37.56±15.84) ng/g] was lower than model group (P=0.008),and the difference among these three groups was statistically significant (F＝ 17.23).The Western blot results indicated the expression of MLCK in intestinal mucosa of model group was higher than that of control group,and that of anti-TNF-α treated group was lower than model group.Conclusions Anti-TNF-α play an important role in improving colitis,and the intestinal mucosal permeability.The mechanism may be related with the regulation of MLCK expression.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of homemade airway exchange catheter on the extubation of patients with difficult tracheal intubation in intensive care unit(ICU). Methods Sixty-two patients with difficult tracheal intubation who failed their initial extubation trial were randomly divided into conventional group (31 cases)and observation group(31 cases). The patients in the conventional group received routine extubation process,while the patients in the observation group were extubated under the guidance over a homemade airway exchange catheter. The changes in heart rate(HR),blood pressure,respiratory rate(RR)and pulse blood oxygen saturation(SpO2)were compared at 12 hours after extubation,so as the re-intubation rate,intubation success rate at first attempt and re-intubation time in two groups,and the tolerance and complications after extubation were observed. Results After extubation,the HR,blood pressure and RR were increased significantly(all P<0.05), and the SpO2 was much lower in conventional group(P<0.05),while those parameters were changed little and basically in the normal ranges in the observation group. At 12 hours after extubation,the re-intubation rate was much lower(6.45%vs. 25.81%,P<0.05)in the observation group,with shorter re-intubation time(seconds:27±14 vs. 49±28,P<0.01),higher intubation success rate at first attempt(90.32%vs. 54.84%,P<0.01)and better tolerance (77.4% vs. 61.3%,P<0.05)compared with those in the conventional group. There was no severe complication in the observation group,and there were 1 cases of glottic edema with cricothyroid membrane puncture,2 cases of broncheal mucous membrane bleeding and 2 cases of bucking in the conventional group. Conclusion Compared with conventional extubation process,the extubation over homemade airway exchange catheter can increase the rate of extubation,reduce re-intubation rate and the re-intubation time,with favorable tolerance and no occurrence of serious complications,and is one of the safe and effective extubation strategies in patients with difficult tracheal intubation in ICU.

AIM To study the pharmacodynamics of Baijin Granules [Mallotus apelta (lour.) Muell.Arg.,Smilax china L.],Zhuang medicine,on model rats with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease.METHODS The rat model for sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease was built with mixed bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and mechanical injury.Subsequently,the rats were randomly divided into eight groups,including model,Baijin Granules low-,middle-,high-dose,positive control (dexamethasone and Huahong Granules),blank control and sham operation groups,with ten rats in each group.After 14 days of successive administration,the hemorheology and blood routine in rats' abdominal aorta were measured by collecting blood in 24 hours of last administration.The pathological morphology of uterine tissue was observed.RESULTS The hemorheology indexes,WBC count and neutrophil percentage were significantly decreased in the model rats,and the pathological morphology of uterine tissue was markedly improved.CONCLUSION Baijin Granules have good therapeutic effects on sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease in rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions,pretreatment,temperature,time and excystation solutions on in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium oocyst.Cryptosporidium andersoni oocyst was used as a model and the results showed that 0.5% sodium hypochlorite could enhance the excystation rates.But there was no significant difference compared with oocysts untreated by sodium hypochlorite(P＞0.05).0.75% synthetic sodium taurocholate and 1% bile solution could urge the excystation of oocysts,which were significantly different compared with the excystation rate of oocysts in 0.25% trypsin solution or in PBS(P<0.05).The excystation rates of oocysts in acidic water (pH =3) were similar with the rates in PBS (pH =7.2) but significantly different from the rates in alkaline water (pH =9) (P<0.01).Additionally,the excystation rate of oocysts in water of 24℃ was significantly lower than in water of 37℃(P<0.01),and the excystation rate of oocysts raised gradually at 37℃ with the passage of time.It's concluded that temperature,acidity and excystation solution were vital factors for the in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium oocyst.A higher excystation rate could be observed when oocysts were pretreated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and treated with 0.75% synthetic sodium taurocholate at 37℃ for 3 hours.

Objective To analyze variations of hepatic vein in healthy people with 64-slice spiral CT.Methods Seventy-five healthy subjects underwent multi-slice spiral computed(MSCT)hepatic venography.The anatomy of the junction of the hepatic veins with the inferior vena cava and the intrahepatic drainage territory of the hepatic veins and tributaries were evaluated.The hepatic veins were classified according to three anatomic classification(Nakamura's,Marcos's and Kawasaki's classification)methods respectively.Results There was a common trunk of the middle and left hepatic veins before joining the IVC in 86.7%(65/75)of the cases.In 13.3%(10/75)of the cases,the three main hepatic veins joined the IVC separately.The ratios of Nakamura's classification type A,B,C of hepatic veins were 49.4% (37/75),37.3%(28/75),and 13.3%(10/75)respectively.The ratios of Marcos's classification type A,B,C of hepatic veins were 56.0%(42/75),24.0%(18/75),and 20.0%(15/75)respectively. The ratios of Kawasaki's classification type Ⅰ,Ⅱ of hepatic vein were 40.0%(30/75)and 60.0% (45/75).Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT hepatic venography can provide visualization of peripheral hepatic venous branches in details.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dose and time-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cytoskeletal F-acitn and G-actin reorganizations by visualizing their distribution and measuring their contents in human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV-304.

METHODSF-actin was labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin and G-actin with deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I)conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Contents of cytoskeletal proteins were obtained by flow cytometry.

RESULTSF-actin was mainly distributed peripherally in endothelial cells under normal conditions. LPS stimulation caused the formation of stress fibers and filopodia. G-actin was normally seen in perinuclear and nuclear areas in control ECV-304 cells. Under LPS stimulation, G-actin dots appeared in the cytoplasmic region. The actin disorganization was accompanied by the time- and dose- dependent decrease in F-actin pool and increase in G-actin pool.

CONCLUSIONSLPS can induce characteristic morphological alterations of actin cytoskeleton and formation of intercellular gap in endothelial cells, accompanied by changes in F-actin and G-actin pools.

Actins ; drug effects ; Analysis of Variance ; Cells, Cultured ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells ; chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Phalloidine ; Rhodamines ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential cardioprotection roles of Rapamycin in anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury of cardiomyocytes through inducing autophagy, and the involvement of PI3k/Akt pathway. We employed simulated A/R of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) as an in vitro model of ischemial/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the heart. NRVM were pretreated with four different concentrations of Rapamycin (20, 50, 100, 150 μmol/L), and pretreated with 10 mmol/L 3-methyladenine (3MA) for inhibiting autophagy during A/R. Then, Western blot analysis was used to examine variation in the expression of LC3-II, LC3-I, Bim, caspase-3, p-PI3KI, PI3KI, p-Akt and Akt. In our model, Rapamycin had a preferential action on autophagy, increasing the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I, whereas decreasing the expression of Bim and caspase-3. Moreover, our results also demonstrated that Rapamycin inhibited the activation of p-PI3KI and enhanced the activation of p-Akt. It is concluded that Rapamycin has a cardioprotection effect by inducing autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner against apopotosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during A/R in NRVM.
Animals ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Primers ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology