Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane (Sero) preconditioning (Precon) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S); group Ⅱ myocardial I/R; group Ⅲ Sero and group Ⅳ Sevo-Precon + myocardial I/R. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg/kg, intubated and mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 2 h reperfusion in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ . In group Ⅲ the animals inhaled 2.5 % sevoflurane for 30 min while in group Ⅳ the animals inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 30 min at 15 min before myocardial I/R. Eight animals were killed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group. The hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) (IS/AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Another 4 animals were killed before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion for determining the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein in myocardium by Western blot. Results Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly decreased infarct size and AI in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅱ (group I/R). Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased and caspase-3 protein expression was significantly increased after 2 h reperfusion as compared with the expression before ischemia in group I/R (group Ⅱ ). Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly reversed the I/R-induced changes in Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression. Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by decreasing myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and autophagy in inhaled sevoflurane-produced delayed myocardial protection in rats.Methods Ninety-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 270-350 g,were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n =16 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group,sevoflurane group (SEVO group),specific NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide (PTN)group,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and PTN + sevoflurane group (PTN + SEVO group).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg/kg,intubated and mechanically ventilated.Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 2 h of reperfusion.In group I/R,33％ oxygen was inhaled for 2 h.In group SEVO,2.5％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 2 h.In groups PTN and DMSO,PTN 500 μg/kg and DMSO were administered intraperitoneally 15 min before oxygen inhalation respectively.In group PTN + SEVO,PTN 500 μg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before exposure to sevoflurane.Myocardial I/R was induced 24 h after intraperitoneal administration.Eight animals in each group were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and the hearts were removed to detect the NF-κB activity and expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B.The left animals in each group were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion and the hearts were removed to determine the myocardial infarct size (by TTC staining).Results Compared with group S,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased at 2 h of reperfusion in the other groups,and the NF-κB activity was significantly increased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in group SEVO (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the NF-κB activity was significantly increased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was up-regulated immediately before ischemia,and the myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced at 2 h of reperfusion in group SEVO (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group SEVO,the NF-κB activity was significantly decreased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was down-regulated immediately before ischemia,and the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased at 2 h of reperfusion in DMSO,PTN and PTN + SEVO groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy are involved in inhaled sevoflurane-produced delayed nyocardial protection in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane delayed preconditioning on caspase recruitment domain (ARC) expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation (group S); myocardial I/R group; sevoflurane + sham operation group (group S-S) and sevoflurane delayed preconditioning + myocardial I/R group (group S-I/R) . Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion in groups I/R and S-I/R. Group S-S inhaled 33% oxygen for 2 h, and sham operation was performed 24 h later. Group S-I/R inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 h, and then myocardial I/R was induced 24 h later. Eight animals were sacrificed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group and the hearts removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (IS/AAR) . Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index was calculated. Another 4 animals were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion to determine the expression of ARC and Caspase-8 in myocardium by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly increased in groups I/R and S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in groups S-S and S-I/R, and Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group I/R, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in group S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated, while Caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in groups S-S and S-I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion Sevoflurane delayed preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury through up-regulating the ARC expression and decreasing the myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To learn the incidence of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution and its related factors so as to privide reference for cure and prevention and nursing of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution. Methods 81 elderly patients in one Welfare Institution were investigated with questionaire, which includes general state of health, MMSE, GDS. Results 29.6% of 81 elderly patients showed depressive disorder, which was related to following factors, such interval of family visiting, spouse, lying in bed, cerebrovascular disease, the kinds of chronic disease. Conclusions The incidence of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution is considerably high. We should pay more attention attention to cure and prevention of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution, strengthen the psychological nursing and sentimental care, in order to improve their quality of life and play the key role of social caring for elders.

Objective To evaluate the role of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mito-KATP)channel in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced delayed cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts.Methods Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =12 each):control group (group CON),I/R group,sevoflurane control group (group SEVO),sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SWO P),5-hydroxydeconoate (5-HD) + sevoflurane preconditioning group (group 5-HD+ SWOP) and 5-HD control group (group 5-HD).The rats were exposed to 33％ pure oxygen for 1 h in groups CON and I/R.The rats were exposed to 2.5％ sevoflurane for 1 h in groups SEVO and SWOP.5-HD (a mito-KATP channel inhibitor) 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before sevoflurane preconditioning in group 5-HD + SWOP.5-HD 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group 5-HD.The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus.The hearts were made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in groups I/R,SWOP,5-HD + SWOP and 5-HD.The expression of phosphorylated protein kinase C-epsilon (p-PKC-ε) and caspase-8 was measured by Western blot immediately before ischemia (T0) and at 120 min of reperfusion (T1).The myocardial infarct volume was measured by TTC staining.Results Compared with group CON,the myocardial infarct volume was significantly increased at T1 in groups I/R,SWOP,5-HD +SWOP and 5-HD,p-PKC-ε expression was up-regulated at T0 in groups SEVO and SWOP and at T1 in groups I/R,SWOP,5-HD + SWOP and 5-HD,and caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at T1 in group SEVO (P ＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the myocardial infarct volume was significantly decreased at T1 in groups SWOP and 5-HD + SWOP,p-PKC-ε expression was up-regulated at T0 in groups SEVO and SWOP,and caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at T1 in group SWOP (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group SWOP,the myocardial infarct volume was significantly increased,p-PKC-ε expression was down-regulated at T0,and caspase-8 expression was up-regulated at T1 in group 5-HD + SWOP (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mito-KATP channel is involved in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced delayed cardioprotection against I/R injury in isolated rat hearts through upregulation of p-PKC-ε expression before ischemia and inhibition of cell apoptosis during reperfusion.

Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Adnexa Uteri ; pathology ; surgery ; Adnexal Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Leiomyomatosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; WT1 Proteins ; metabolism

Adult ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; pathology ; Male ; Neurocytoma ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the HIV infection risk perception, sexual behavior and condom use among college students who had sexual experiences.

METHODSUsing data generated from a survey on AIDS related knowledge and risk perception and sexual behavior (conducted in a coast city of Zhejiang province in 2003), with a questionnaire involving self-reporting history of sexual experience. Software SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS47.0 percent of the 2785 students having had sexual experience did not feel that sexual experience was related to HIV risk while 51.3 percent them considered their sexual behavior was at much low risk. 80.5 percent of the students with sexual experience had ever used condoms, but only 16.0 percent used it consistently. There was no association between risk perception and condom use, but there was association between risk perception and intention for condom use.

CONCLUSIONThe college students having had sexual experience had low level of risk perception on HIV infection and had a high rate of ever condom use but low in consistent use. Extensive and detailed prevention intervention was needed to improve the safe sexual behaviors.

Attitude to Health ; China ; Condoms ; utilization ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Risk ; Sexual Behavior ; Students ; psychology ; Universities ; Unsafe Sex

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of fascin, an actin bundling protein, in the development and progression of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and explore its association with the clinicopathologic characteristics and 5-year survival of the patients.

METHODSUsing tissue array and immunohistochemistry, the expression of fascin was determined in 241 ESCC tissues and the corresponding normal esophageal mucosal tissues.

RESULTSESCC tissues showed a significantly higher overexpression rate of fascin than the corresponding normal esophageal mucosal tissues (68.9% vs 15.5%, P<0.05). The overexpression of fascin was correlated to lymph node metastasis and TMN stage, but not to the patients' age, gender, tumor differentiation and general classification. Survival analysis showed that abnormal expression of fascin was associated with the 5-year survival rate of patients with ESCC.

CONCLUSIONSThe abnormal expression of fascin may play an important role in the progression of ESCC, and detection of fascin expression may have important prognostic values.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis