Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane (Sero) preconditioning (Precon) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S); group Ⅱ myocardial I/R; group Ⅲ Sero and group Ⅳ Sevo-Precon + myocardial I/R. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg/kg, intubated and mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 2 h reperfusion in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ . In group Ⅲ the animals inhaled 2.5 % sevoflurane for 30 min while in group Ⅳ the animals inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 30 min at 15 min before myocardial I/R. Eight animals were killed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group. The hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) (IS/AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Another 4 animals were killed before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion for determining the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein in myocardium by Western blot. Results Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly decreased infarct size and AI in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅱ (group I/R). Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased and caspase-3 protein expression was significantly increased after 2 h reperfusion as compared with the expression before ischemia in group I/R (group Ⅱ ). Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly reversed the I/R-induced changes in Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression. Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by decreasing myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and autophagy in inhaled sevoflurane-produced delayed myocardial protection in rats.Methods Ninety-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 270-350 g,were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n =16 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group,sevoflurane group (SEVO group),specific NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide (PTN)group,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and PTN + sevoflurane group (PTN + SEVO group).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg/kg,intubated and mechanically ventilated.Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 2 h of reperfusion.In group I/R,33％ oxygen was inhaled for 2 h.In group SEVO,2.5％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 2 h.In groups PTN and DMSO,PTN 500 μg/kg and DMSO were administered intraperitoneally 15 min before oxygen inhalation respectively.In group PTN + SEVO,PTN 500 μg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before exposure to sevoflurane.Myocardial I/R was induced 24 h after intraperitoneal administration.Eight animals in each group were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and the hearts were removed to detect the NF-κB activity and expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B.The left animals in each group were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion and the hearts were removed to determine the myocardial infarct size (by TTC staining).Results Compared with group S,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased at 2 h of reperfusion in the other groups,and the NF-κB activity was significantly increased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in group SEVO (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the NF-κB activity was significantly increased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was up-regulated immediately before ischemia,and the myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced at 2 h of reperfusion in group SEVO (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group SEVO,the NF-κB activity was significantly decreased and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and cathepsin B was down-regulated immediately before ischemia,and the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased at 2 h of reperfusion in DMSO,PTN and PTN + SEVO groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy are involved in inhaled sevoflurane-produced delayed nyocardial protection in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane delayed preconditioning on caspase recruitment domain (ARC) expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation (group S); myocardial I/R group; sevoflurane + sham operation group (group S-S) and sevoflurane delayed preconditioning + myocardial I/R group (group S-I/R) . Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion in groups I/R and S-I/R. Group S-S inhaled 33% oxygen for 2 h, and sham operation was performed 24 h later. Group S-I/R inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 h, and then myocardial I/R was induced 24 h later. Eight animals were sacrificed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group and the hearts removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (IS/AAR) . Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index was calculated. Another 4 animals were sacrificed immediately before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion to determine the expression of ARC and Caspase-8 in myocardium by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly increased in groups I/R and S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated immediately before ischemia in groups S-S and S-I/R, and Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group I/R, the infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in group S-I/R, and ARC expression was up-regulated, while Caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at 2 h of reperfusion in groups S-S and S-I/R ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion Sevoflurane delayed preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury through up-regulating the ARC expression and decreasing the myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To learn the incidence of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution and its related factors so as to privide reference for cure and prevention and nursing of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution. Methods 81 elderly patients in one Welfare Institution were investigated with questionaire, which includes general state of health, MMSE, GDS. Results 29.6% of 81 elderly patients showed depressive disorder, which was related to following factors, such interval of family visiting, spouse, lying in bed, cerebrovascular disease, the kinds of chronic disease. Conclusions The incidence of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution is considerably high. We should pay more attention attention to cure and prevention of elderly depressive disorder in Welfare Institution, strengthen the psychological nursing and sentimental care, in order to improve their quality of life and play the key role of social caring for elders.

Objective To evaluate the role of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mito-KATP)channel in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced delayed cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts.Methods Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =12 each):control group (group CON),I/R group,sevoflurane control group (group SEVO),sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SWO P),5-hydroxydeconoate (5-HD) + sevoflurane preconditioning group (group 5-HD+ SWOP) and 5-HD control group (group 5-HD).The rats were exposed to 33％ pure oxygen for 1 h in groups CON and I/R.The rats were exposed to 2.5％ sevoflurane for 1 h in groups SEVO and SWOP.5-HD (a mito-KATP channel inhibitor) 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before sevoflurane preconditioning in group 5-HD + SWOP.5-HD 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group 5-HD.The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus.The hearts were made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in groups I/R,SWOP,5-HD + SWOP and 5-HD.The expression of phosphorylated protein kinase C-epsilon (p-PKC-ε) and caspase-8 was measured by Western blot immediately before ischemia (T0) and at 120 min of reperfusion (T1).The myocardial infarct volume was measured by TTC staining.Results Compared with group CON,the myocardial infarct volume was significantly increased at T1 in groups I/R,SWOP,5-HD +SWOP and 5-HD,p-PKC-ε expression was up-regulated at T0 in groups SEVO and SWOP and at T1 in groups I/R,SWOP,5-HD + SWOP and 5-HD,and caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at T1 in group SEVO (P ＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the myocardial infarct volume was significantly decreased at T1 in groups SWOP and 5-HD + SWOP,p-PKC-ε expression was up-regulated at T0 in groups SEVO and SWOP,and caspase-8 expression was down-regulated at T1 in group SWOP (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group SWOP,the myocardial infarct volume was significantly increased,p-PKC-ε expression was down-regulated at T0,and caspase-8 expression was up-regulated at T1 in group 5-HD + SWOP (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mito-KATP channel is involved in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced delayed cardioprotection against I/R injury in isolated rat hearts through upregulation of p-PKC-ε expression before ischemia and inhibition of cell apoptosis during reperfusion.

Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Adnexa Uteri ; pathology ; surgery ; Adnexal Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Leiomyomatosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; WT1 Proteins ; metabolism

Adult ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; pathology ; Male ; Neurocytoma ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the HIV infection risk perception, sexual behavior and condom use among college students who had sexual experiences.

METHODSUsing data generated from a survey on AIDS related knowledge and risk perception and sexual behavior (conducted in a coast city of Zhejiang province in 2003), with a questionnaire involving self-reporting history of sexual experience. Software SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS47.0 percent of the 2785 students having had sexual experience did not feel that sexual experience was related to HIV risk while 51.3 percent them considered their sexual behavior was at much low risk. 80.5 percent of the students with sexual experience had ever used condoms, but only 16.0 percent used it consistently. There was no association between risk perception and condom use, but there was association between risk perception and intention for condom use.

CONCLUSIONThe college students having had sexual experience had low level of risk perception on HIV infection and had a high rate of ever condom use but low in consistent use. Extensive and detailed prevention intervention was needed to improve the safe sexual behaviors.

Attitude to Health ; China ; Condoms ; utilization ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Risk ; Sexual Behavior ; Students ; psychology ; Universities ; Unsafe Sex

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese drugs for strengthening Pi, harmonizing Wei, and dispersing blood stasis (CDSPHWDBS) on the expression of gastric mucosal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patients.

METHODSA total of 100 CAG patients were assigned to the control group and the treatment group by random digit table, 50 in each group. Patients in the control group took Folic Acid Tablet 10 mg each time, 3 times per day. Those in the treatment group took CDSPHWDBS, 100 mL each time, once per day. The treatment course was 6 months for all. Clinical symptoms and signs, endoscopic and histopathological changes were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The expression of gastric mucosal HSP70 in CAG patients was determined using SP immunohistochemistry. Data were collected by HPIAS-1 000 pathological graphic analysis system, and its expression semi-quantitatively analyzed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of clinical Chinese medical symptoms and signs was 88. 0% (44/50 cases) in the treatment group and 56. 0% (28/50 cases) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P <0. 01). The improvement rate of endoscopic manifestations such as congestion and edema, erosion, bile regurgitation, pale gastric mucosa, exposed blood vessels, particles proliferation in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P <0. 05). The total effective rate of atrophy was 80. 0% (40/50 cases) in the treatment group and 54. 0% (27/50 cases) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01). The effective rate of intestinal metaplasia was 75. 0% (12/16 cases) in the treatment group and 33.3% (5/15 cases) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0. 05). The optical density value of gastric mucosal HSP70 was significantly elevated in the two groups after treatment (both P <0. 05). It was higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment with significant difference (P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONCDSPHWDBS had obvious effect in treatment of CAG and could improve pathological changes of precancerous lesions possibly by promoting the expression of gastric mucosal HSP70 in CAG patients.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional