Purpose To explore the diagnostic value of double exponential model for pelvic lesions using 3.0T MRI for the diagnosis of pelvic lesion. Materials and Methods Fifty patients with pelvic lesions (30 benign cases and 20 malignant cases) underwent MR750-diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) scans, with b values of 0, 50, 300, 600, 800 and 1200 s/mm2, Functool-MADC software was used on AW 451 workstations for data processing, Slow ADC value, Fast ADC value, Standard ADC value, Fraction of fast ADC value were recorded and compared between benign and malignant lesions, and Standard ADC images were fused with axial T2 fat-suppressed images. Results Slow ADC values [(1.83±0.86)×10-3 mm2/s] and Standard ADC values [(1.79±0.78)×10-3 mm2/s] of benign lesions were larger than those of the malignant lesions [Slow ADC values:(1.05±0.31)×10-3 mm2/s;Standard ADC values:(1.13±0.39)×10-3 mm2/s] (t=3.90, 3.51;P<0.01), and the difference of Slow ADC value was largest between benign and malignant lesions. Slow ADC values of both benign and malignant lesions were significantly less than the Fast ADC values [benign:Slow ADC value=(1.83±0.86)×10-3 mm2/s, Fast ADC value=(16.95±8.63)×10-3 mm2/s; malignant: Slow ADC value=(1.05±0.31)×10-3 mm2/s, Fast ADC value=(15.12±9.90)×10-3 mm2/s] (t=-10.40,-6.29;P<0.01). Conclusion Double exponential decay model is capable of differentiating benign and malignant pelvic tumors, thus is of great significance for clinical preoperative diagnosis.

Objective:To amendment a tool of theory of mind (TOM) tests that can be applied to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainland China,and assess the ability of ToM of children with ASD.Methods:The items of the ToM tests were revised by observing and recording events of children's life.Totally 200 normal children were selected in line with the standard from kindergarten to Grade 6 for formal tes-ting.With 156 valid data,Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach α coefficient were established for the test.Three experts were invited to make sure the content validity.Researchers randomly selected 30 normal children for retest purpose after 2 months.Twenty five children with ASD were tested and compared with normal children's test scores.Results:The revised test included 39 entries,which was divided into three sub-tests,42 points in total.The correlation coefficient of three subtests of the tests was 0.54-0.77,the correlation coefficient between the test and the subtest was 0.62-0.93 (Ps ＜ 0.01).The scores of three experts for the test were 114,108,and 105.The total scores and subtest scores were lower in children with ASD than in normal children (Ps ＜0.01).The Cronbach a coefficient of the test was 0.84,Cronbach a coefficients for three subtest were 0.83,0.80,and 0.78,respectively.The retest reliability was 0.84,and reliabilities for three subtest were 0.75,0.74,and 1.00.Conclusion:The revised Theory of Mind Tests for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder are fulfilled mostly in line with psychometric testing requirement.It might be a selection to measure the ability of theory of mind of children with ASD in mainland China.

OBJECTIVETo assess the inhibitory effects of Neiyi Recipe by comparing adhesive and invasive effects of eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from endometriosis women and the endometrium from endometriosis-free women.

METHODSThe invasive capacity of endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis-free women, eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis were compared using Boyden chamber, the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) ectopy transplant, and immunohistochemical EnVision method. The expressions of adhesion and invasion correlated cytokines in the transplanted tissue and effect of Neiyi Recipe on them were observed.

RESULTSThe numbers of invasion stromal cells of eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues were obviously more than those in the endometriosis-free women (P<0.05). After treatment with Neiyi Recipe and danazol respectively, the number of invasion stromal cells was significantly less in the Neiyi Recipe group than in the danazol group (P<0.05). Compared with endometriosis-free women, the expression of ICAM-1 in the ectopic endometrium tissue, and MMP-9 expressions in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium were significantly higher (all P<0.05) and TIMP-1 expressions obviously lower (P<0.01). In the eutopic endometrium, Neiyi Recipe and danazol serum could significantly lower the expression of MMP-9, and up-regulate expressions of TIMP-1 and ICAM-1 (P<0.01). In the ectopic endometrium, Neiyi Recipe could significantly lower the expression of MMP-9 (P<0.01) and ICAM-1 (P<0.05), and danazol serum could lower the expression of ICAM-1 (P<0.05). Compared with danazol, Neiyi Recipe showed more obvious effect in down-regulating MMP-9 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHigh expression of MMP-9 and low expression of TIMP-1 existed in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of endometriosis, which could enhance the ectopic invasion and transplant of endometrial cells. Neiyi Recipe could inhibit the invasion of endometrial stromal cells and the expression of MMP-9.

Adult ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrium ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism

Objective To explore the common causes of epilepsy and the etiologic characteristics in different age groups of patients with epilepsy.Methods A retrospective survey was made in 5572 epilepsy patients in Epileptic Center of Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2003 to December 2009.According to the diagnostic criteria published in 2005 from ILAE,all the diagnoses of 5572 cases were made by epileptic specialists.Based on history,cranial MRI or CT and pathologic data,causes of epilepsy were classified into idiopathic,symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy.The cases of symptomatic epilepsy were further arranged into different categories in different age grades,such as head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system, cerebral vascular disease, brain tumor, disorders of cortical development,neurocutaneous syndrome and others.The cases with febrile seizures and family history were collected,and positive ratio of febrile seizures and family history were contrasted in different categories of cases by Kruskal-Wallis test ( nonparametric test ).Results In 5572 cases,66 were idiopathic,2834 symptomatic,2672 cryptogenic,and the ratio of these causes was 1％,51％,48％ respectively.Among 2834 cases of symptomatic epilepsy,822 were head trauma,497 were perinatal injuries,360 were infection in central nervous system,249 were brain tumor,150 were cerebral vascular disease,135 were disorders of cortical development,62 were neurocutaneous syndrome and 559 were others. In brief,head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor and cerebral vascular disease were top 5 causes of symptomatic epilepsy. Hippocampal sclerosis was found in 744 cases in those of eryptogenic epilepsy.The importance of febrile seizures( idiopathic:15.2％ ( 10/66 ),symptomatic:6.5％ ( 185/2834 ),cryptogenic:9.4％ ( 250/2672 ) ; x2 =181.393,P =0.000 ) and family history ( idiopathic:83.3％ ( 55/66 ),symptomatic:1.1％ (31/2834),cryptogenic:0.4％ (12/2672) ; x2 =68.354,P =0.000) was statistically different in different causes of epilepsy.Febrile seizures was the most frequent in cases with hippocampal sclerosis than those with other causes,and family history was the most frequent in neurocutaneous syndrome in symptomatic cases.Perinatal injurics was thc first causc in cases of infancy and childhood,head trauma was the top one in those of juvenile and adulthood,and cerebral vascular disease was the main cause in senile cases. Conclusions In the whole epileptic cases of 5572, 1％ was idiopathic,51％ was symptomatic,and 48％ cryptogenic. The main causes of them were head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor,and cerebral vascular disease.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of inflammatory reaction mediated by p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) signal path on prevention and treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) model rats by electroacupuncture (EA).

METHODSThirty-two healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham operation group, a model group and an EA group, eight rats in each one. The PD model was established in the model group and EA group by subcutaneous injection of rotenone in skin-back area (2 mg/kg, dissolved in sunflower oil, 2 mg/mL in density), while the injection of sunflower oil emulsion without rotenone at the same point and quantity as the model group was applied in the sham operation group. The normal group was not given any intervention. The EA treatment (continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency, 1 mA in intensity, 20 min) was applied at "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Taichong" (LR 3) in the EA group, once a day for continuously 14 days. No treatment was given in the other groups. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylated p38-MAPK, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the substantia nigra were detected with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThere was typical PD ethology change in the model group. Compared with the normal group and sham operation group, the expression of TH positive neuron in the substantia nigra in the model group was significantly decreased, while the expression of phosphorylated p38-MAPK and COX-2 were significantly increased (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of TH positive neuron in the EA group was apparently increased, while the expression of phosphorylated p38-MAPK and COX-2 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe EA therapy could obviously reduce the expression of inflammation mediator COX-2, inhibit the phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, reduce the damage of dopaminergic neurons in the rats with PD, and this effect may be related with the impact of p38-MAPK signal path

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease ; enzymology ; genetics ; therapy ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; enzymology ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; genetics ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Hibiscus paste external application combined with traditional Chinese medicine on the inflammatory markers in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: The patient information was collected by the data processing system of hospitalized medical records in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of traditional Chinese medicine. The medical records of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the Department of Rheumatology from May 2012 to December 2016 were collected. Patients were divided into experimental group and control group according to whether Furong ointment was applied. The random walk model was used to evaluate the influence of Furong ointment combined with traditional Chinese medicine on inflammatory index,erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) and high sensitivity C reactive protein ( Hs-CRP) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Results: A total of 4 832 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were in accordance with the requirements of the study, including 2 579 in the experimental group and 2 253 in the control group. Baseline data analysis showed that there was no significant difference in general condition, frequency of oral Chinese medicine and core prescriptions between two groups ( P＞0. 05 ) . In the experimental group,the maximum ESR of inflammation index was 968,the walking rate was 3 756,the positive growth rate of walking was 0. 257 7,the ratio was 3. 88,the random fluctuation power law value was 0. 364 2±0. 124 6,the comprehensive evaluation index in-creased by 0. 479 9,and the comprehensive evaluation index was 2 017 times. In the control group,the maximum ESR of inflammation index was 398,the number of walking steps was 2 251,the positive growth rate of walking was 0. 176 8,the ratio was 5. 66,the random fluctuation power law value was 0. 173 5±0. 128 8,the comprehensive evaluation index increased by 0. 357,and the comprehensive evaluation index was 1 115 times. In the experimental group,the maximum Hs-CRP of inflammation index was 1 523,the walking rate was 5 149,the positive growth rate of walking was 0. 295 8,the ratio was 3. 38,the random fluctuation power law value was 0. 389 5± 0. 108 1,the comprehensive evaluation index increased by 0. 537 4,and the comprehensive evaluation index was 2 834 times. In the control group,the maximum Hs-CRP of inflammation index was 809,the number of walking steps was 3 463,the positive growth rate of walking was 0. 233 6,the ratio was 4. 28,the random fluctuation power law value was 0. 362 9±0. 073 8,the comprehensive evaluation index increased by 0. 448 2,and the comprehensive evaluation index was 1 805 times. Conclusion: Our hospital rheumatology on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from the spleen, oral Chinese medicine prescription to Jianpihuashi drugs, Huoxue Tongluo drugs, Qufengchushi drugs,drug detoxification,two groups of patients with comprehensive evaluation index and acceptable interventions are long-range correlation,a better effect than that of inflammatory markers associated with traditional Chinese medicine in patients with Furong ointment the simple use of Chinese herbs.

This study was aimed to explore traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compatibility patterns or rules in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the real world clinical situations.The effect of TCM treatment and immune inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed by association rules,which provided evidences for AS syndrome differentiation and treatment.Retrospective study was conducted on records of hospitalized AS patients at the Department of Rheumatism,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from June 2012 to June 2016.The technology for complex networks was integrated to analyze the core prescription.The frequency and association rules of prescription patterns were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and SPSS modeler 14.2.The effect on immune inflammatory biomarkers was analyzed by association rules and random walk model.The results showed that,(1) warm,cold,and neutral herbs,sweet,bitter or pungent herbs,and with the channel tropism of spleen channel,stomach channel and liver channel are the most frequently prescribed herbs;(2) herbs with functions of tonifying and replenishing,blood-activating and stasis-resolving,qi-regulating,spleen-strengthening and dampness-resolving,wind-dampness dispelling,heatclearing are frequently prescribed,which are also interrelated and interacted on each other;(3) the top five pairs of couplet herbs with the highest confidence included Hong Hua paired with Tao Ren (98.15％),Yi Yi Ren paired with Fu Ling (95.47％),Gan Cao paired Gou Ji (94.57％),Gan Cao paired with Wei Ling Xian (94.48％),Pu Gong Ying paired Bai Hua She She Cao (94.40％);(4) Shan Yao was highly related to decreased C3,C4 and hs-CRP when compatibility with Fu Ling,Niu Xi,Ze Xie;Gou Ji was highly related to decreased IgA,IgG and IgM when compatibility with Bai Hua She She Cao,Chuan Xiong,Shah Yao.Xi Qian Cao was associated with Niu Xi when ESR and WBC decreased.Gou Ji and Du Huo were associated when SOD increased.(5) The group of internal medicine coordinated with external medicine has positive growth rate of walk and improvement index of inflammatory indexes (ESR,hs-CRP) compared to single internal medicine group.It was concluded that AS treatment in the Department of Rheumatism of our hospital was based on spleen.The treatment was focused on the regulation of cold and warm,sweet and bitter,liver and spleen.The treatment of AS is to eliminate evil factors and to reinforce healthy qi.TCM has advantages in the improvement of immune inflammatory indexes.The improvement of inflammatory indexes by the internal medicine coordinated with external medicine was better than the single use of internal medicine,which is worthy of further promotion.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in gouty arthritis treatment.Based on the real world,this article studied the implicit TCM prescription pattern in order to explore TCM prescription rule in acute gouty arthritis treatment.Based on herbs recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China,TCM prescriptions of 732 hospitalized acute gouty arthritis patients at the Department of Rheumatism and Immunology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from June 2012 to October 2016 were collected with software system.The frequency and association rules of prescription patterns were analyzed using the SPSS Modeler 14.2 Data Mining System.Cluster analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 statistical software.An initial statistical analysis was carried out to categorize herbs according to their medicinal types and dosage,natures,flavors,channel tropism and functions.Based on categorization,frequencies of occurrence were computed.The results showed that,(1) warm,cold or neutral herbs,sweet or bitter herbs,and with the channel tropism of spleen channel and stomach channel are the most frequently prescribed herbs (among 732 selected medicinal formulae);(2) spleen-strengthening and dampness-eliminating,wind-dispelling and damp-removing,blood-activating and stasis-resolving,heat-clearing,deficiency-tonifying,qi-regulating herbs are frequently used;(3) correlation analysis of TCM efficacy show that three couplet medicines with the highest confidence was spleen-strengthening and dampness-eliminating herbs and heat-clearing herbs (99.24％),blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs and wind-dispelling and damp-removing herbs (99.01％),spleen-strengthening and dampnesseliminating herbs and qi-regulating herbs (98.92％).Correlation analysis of two TCM herbs showed that three couplet medicines with the highest confidence was Hong Hua paired with Tao Ren (99.7％),Yi Yi Ren paired with Shan Ci Gu (93.04％),and Yi Yi Ren paired with Chui Pen Cao (92.67％);(4) cluster analysis classified into five types,which were based on spleen-strengthening and dampness-eliminating and in combination with blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs,heat-clearing and detoxification,wind-dispelling and damp-removing,representing prescription compatibility characteristics.It was concluded that gouty arthritis had a close relationship with the spleen.These prescriptions focus on herbs with spleen-strengthening and dampness-resolving which seems to be the key element in the treatment process.Meanwhile,the use of spleen-strengthening and dampness-eliminating herbs,blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs,heat-clearing herbs,wind-dispelling and damp-removing herbs is the basis of prescription patterns.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used as a complementary approach for osteoarthritis treatment.This article is based on the real world.The implicit prescription patterns behind TCM formulae were examined by association rules mining and cluster analysis,so as to explore the Chinese medicinal compatibility patterns or rules in osteoarthritis treatment.This study was based on real-world data from the hospital information system (HIS).Chinese medicinal prescriptions of hospitalized patients with osteoarthritis from June 2012 to June 2016 were collected from the Department of Rheumatism and Immunology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.TCM was listed according to the selected medicinal formulae and the added information was organized to establish a database.The frequency and association rules of prescription patterns were analyzed using the SPSS Modeler 14.2 Data Mining System.Cluster analysis of prescription patterns was also analyzed.An initial statistical analysis was carried out to categorize herbs according to their natures,flavors,channel tropisms and functions.Based on categorization,frequencies of occurrence were computed.At the same time,the relationship between TCM and immune and inflammatory markers was analyzed.The results showed that the main prescriptive features from the selected formulae of the mining data were that,(1) warm or cold herbs,sweet or bitter herbs,and with the channel tropism of spleen channel are the most frequently prescribed herbs in 3609 medicinal formulae;(2) herbs with blood-activating and stasis-resolving,restoring vital energy,water-eliminating and damp-removing,heat-clearing and or expelling wind-damp functions are frequently prescribed;(3) association rule analysis extracted three frequently used pairs of herbs,which are Hong Hua & Tao Ren (98.90％),Pu Gong Ying & Bai Hua She She Cao (97.88％),Fu Ling & Ze Xie (92.63％);(4) association rule between TCM and immune-inflammation index showed that the pair of Du Huo and Chen Pi was associated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme.The pair of Mai Ya and Dan Shen was associated with decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),complement component 3 (C3),complement component 4 (C4),immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG).The pair of Mai Ya and Fu Ling was associated with decreased immunoglobulin M (IgM).It was concluded that osteoarthritis was closely related to spleen deficiency.These prescriptions focus on herbs for qi-nourishing and spleen-invigorating,blood-activating and stasis-resolving,spleen-invigorating and dampness-eliminating,heat-clearing and detoxicating which seems to be the key element in the treatment process.Meanwhile,the use of restoring vital energy herbs and spleen-strengthening herbs also forms the basis of prescription patterns.

Objective:Based on the hospital information system (hospital information system,HIS) were studied in rheumatology clinical medicine data hidden behind the prescription pattern,aims to explore the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with patterns or rules from the spleen.Methods:This study from May 2012 to December 2016 in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis patients as the research object in the division of Rheumatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui TCM university.The use of Office 2010,the complex network technology and IBM Clementine 14.2 SPSS Apriori software module for Chinese medicine core prescription analysis,frequency statistics,association rule analysis.Results:a total of 4 000 copies of medical records and 3 643 prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine were included in the study,the main results are as follows:(1) the clinical medication can be divided into jianpihuashi drugs,Huoxue Huayu drugs,dispelling dampness and heat drugs in four categories,more than 60％ times the frequency of tuckahoe,liquorice,tangerine peel,coix seed,Salvia miltiorrhiza the kernel,safflower,Chinese yam,clematis root,peach kernel,core prescription:tuckahoe,liquorice,tangerine peel,Salvia miltiorrhiza,coix seed,safflower,Chinese yam,clematis root,peach kernel,dandelion;(2) drug association analysis:Poria and Oldenlandia,dandelion,Herba Siegesbeckiae,peach kernel,Chinese medicine jianpihuashi the compatibility of blood stasis,dispelling dampness and heat drugs for 20 drug combinations;(3) compare the index difference between the two groups before and after treatment,the experimental group Hs-CRP,RF,ESR,IgA,IgG and C3 compared with the control group decreased significantly after treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);(4) the analysis of drug and two indicators of Relevance:Jiang Banxia,Herba Siegesbeckiae and Hs-CRP,ESR decreased the incidence is higher,white atractylodes rhizome,Salvia miltiorrhiza and RF reduce the high degree of relevance,yam,dandelion and C3 to reduce the high degree of relevance,Du Zhonghe,IGA,IGG and Honghua Weilingxian to reduce the high correlation.Analysis of the three Association:Jiang Banxia,Herba Siegesbeckiae respectively with Hs-CRP,ESR,dandelion,walnuts and reduce the high degree of relevance,astragalus,salvia,licorice and RF reduce the high degree of relevance,yam,dandelion,Herba Siegesbeckiae and C3 reduce the high degree of relevance,malt,dandelion,Radix Clematidis and IGA to reduce the high degree of relevance,eucommia,safflower,licorice and IGG reduce high correlation.Conclusion:This study on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from the real world to the spleen,spleen wet medicine as the core,and the compatibility between blood stasis,antipyretic,rheumatism medicine prescription is the key,which can effectively improve the patients' immune inflammation and other laboratory indexes.