ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into neuron-like cells in vitro.MethodsMSCs of Wistar rats were separated and cultured, and then induced with DMSO and BHA in vitro. The specific marking proteins of neurons, glia and neural stem cells were detected before preinduction, at 24h after preinduction, at 6h, 24h, and 48h after neuronal induction.ResultsAfter the inducement, many MSCs turned into bipolar,multipolar and taper,and then intersected as network structure. Nestin was strong positive at 6h after neuronal induction, and decreased at 24h, 48h after the induction. NeuN was present at 6 h after neuronal induction, and increased at 24h, 48h after the induction.ConclusionMSCs can be induced into neural stem cells(NSCs) at first, and then differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of narrow band imaging(NBI)for diagnosis of malignant and premalignant gastric lesions.Methods The gastric lesions,pits and microvascularity were observed using conventional endoscopy followed by narrow band imaging(NBI)and chromoendoscopy(0.2%indigo carmine)as well as magnifying endoscopy(×80)in 217 patients.The quality of images obtained by different endoscopies was evaluated and compared to pathologic interpretations. Results Of 217 patients,non-atrophic gastritis was found in 85 cases,chronic atrophic gastritis in 38 cases,mild dysplasia in 19 cases,moderate dysplasia in 9 cases,severe dysplasia in 4 cases,early gastric cancer in 5 cases,advanced gastric cancer in 20 cases and intestinal metaplasia in 91 cases.The NBI endoscopy was superior to conventional endoscopy and chromoendoscopy in finding gastric lesions(P=0.000).The gastric microvascularity was more clearly seen on images obtained by NBI combined with magnifying endoscopy in comparison with conventional endoscopy and chromoendoscopy(P=0.000).There were six patterns in description of gastric pits with NBI endoscopy.Type Ⅲ,Ⅳ or Ⅴ1 was usually found in chronic atrophic gastritis,type Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ1 or Ⅴ2 in intestinal metaplasia,type V1 or Ⅳ in dysplasia and type Ⅵ in suspected malignant lesion.Conclusions NBl with magnifying endoscopy is helpful in improving the biopsy accuracy of malignant and dysplastic lesions and in detecting early gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the value of narrow band imaging(NBI) in diagnosis of early gastric cancer(EGC) and dysplasia. Methods 217 patients were enrolled. Routine endoscopy followed by narrow band imaging (NBI), then chromoendoscopy (indigo carmine) combined magnifying endoscopy was sequentially used. The gastric pits and microvasculuture were carefully observed. According to the NBI ima-ges, the biopsy samples were taken in suspicious area to identify malignant and premalignant gastric lesions. The patients with gastric cancer or severe dysplasia required endoscopic uhrasonography(EUS), then EGC or severe dysplasia ones needed endoscopic therapy or surgery. Results In silhouette of gastric lesion, NBI is the clearest in the above three endoscopic methods. Both mucosal pit and epithelium capiUary were shown much clearer by NBI than by routine endoscopy. Of 217 patients, 19 cases of mild dysplasia, 9 cases of moderate dysplasia, 4 cases of severe dysplasia and 5 cases of EGC were finded according to histopathological diagnosis. Six patterns of gastric pits were summarized by NBI. Dysplasia usually behaviored as V1 or Ⅳ gastric pits,and Ⅵ mucosal pit were suspected malignant lesion. Tumorous vessels can be seen in 3 cases of EGC. Conclusion By narrow band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy, the micro gastric mucosal structure can be shown much clear. That is helpful for improving the accuracy of malignant lesion on endo-scopic target biopsies and finding early gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of imaging techniques and endoscopy in detection the causes of post-hepatic obstructive jaundice.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with post-hepatic obstructive jaundice were retrospectively studied.The causes of the obstruction and the findings of uhrasonography(US),computerized tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or MRIcholangiopancreatography(MRCP),endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)were compared.Results The causes of 57 patients with post-hepatic obstruetive jaundice were benign obstruction in 42(including stones in common bile duct in 38,ascariasis of CBD in 1,postoperative stricture in 2 and chronic pancreatitis in 1),and malignant lesions in 15(including pancreatic head carcinoma in 11 and ampullary carcinoma in 4).The diagnostic accuracy in terms of lesion location of US,CT,MRI+MRCP,ERCP and EUS were 71.93%(41/57),88.00%(22/25),94.59% (35/37),100.00%(47/47)and 96.77%(30/31),respectively;the diagnostic accuracy of cause of obstruction were 63.16%(36/57),80.00%(20/25),83.78%(31/37),100%(47/47)and 96.77% (30/31),respectively.Conclusion Benign diseases are the main causes of post-hepatic obstructive jaundice,but malignant ones are not rare.It is important to combine miscellaneous imaging techniques and endoscopy in diagnosis.

BACKGROUND:Artificial total disc replacement is one treatment of low back pain in recent years, but the report on the effect of disc replacement on lumbar sagittal plane is rare. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of lumbar disc replacement on lumbar lordosis. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of radiographic data of 17 patients who underwent lumbar disc replacement for single segment degenerative disc disease was carried out. Data measurement included preoperative and postoperative lumbar lordosis, diseased segmental lordosis and lumbar intervertebral angle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 17 patients were fol owed-up for more than 12 months. Lumbar disc replacement was performed at L4-5 segment in three cases and L5-S1 segment in 14 cases. The average diseased segmental lordosis and lumbar lordosis were increased significantly after replacement when compared with those before replacement (P<0.05);the lumbar intervertebral angle was increased after replacement when compared with that before replacement, but the difference was not significant. The results indicate that lumbar disc replacement for the treatment of single segment degenerative disc disease can increase the lumbar lordosis and diseased segmental lordosis, which can help to improve the lumbar sagittal balance. The postoperative lumbar intervertebral angle has no correlation with the implant angle of the prosthesis on the replace segment.

BACKGROUND:Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy needs to dissociate the ligamentum flavum, and if
combined with the continuous dilator and working channel, it can keep the intact ligamentum flavum no matter how smal the incision may be (even 3-5 mm).
OBJECTIVE:To present the technique of interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting.
METHODS:We performed operations on 16 male and 14 female patients by interlaminar endoscopic lumbar
discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting. The average age of the patients in the study was (48±15) years. The chief complaint before surgery was radiculopathy confined to one leg. The anatomic operative level was L 3-4 in
one case, L 4-5 in 13 cases and L 5-S 1 in 16 cases. The ruptured disc migrated superiorly in four cases and
inferiorly in seven cases, and intraoperative electromyo-graphic monitoring was performed in al surgeries. The
ligamentum flavum was split, and after withdrawing the working channel, the ligamentum flavum could reset itself. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The total operation time was 20-40 minutes, and the fol ow-up period was
(149±108) days. There were no abnormal signals on the intraoperative electromyography in any cases, and the reported symptoms were immediately improved in al patients after the operation. Fol ow-up magneticresonance imaging showed a disappearance of the ruptured disc without defect in the ligamentum flavum. There were no operation-associated complications in al the patients. Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with
ligamentum flavum splitting is a feasible approach.

Objective To provide data for reference on the impact of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the proliferation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MDS patients through the investigation of the impact of cyclosporin A on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. Methods The absorption rates of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the control group and the MDS patient group were determined by using the tetrazolinm salt (MTT) micro-colorimetric enzyme reaction. The concentrations of cyclosporine A are 2.5×10~4 ng/μl, 2.5×10~3 ng/μl, 2.5×10~2 ng/μl and 2.5×10ng/μl respectively. Results There is no significant difference between the each result by using different concentrations of CsA., which indicates the impact of CsA on the growth of mesenchymal stem cells is not significant(P >0.05). In the serial of concentrations mentioned, no cytotoxicity of CsA is observed. However, there is difference between the selected indicators of the control group and the patient group (P <0.01), and the value of the MDS patient group is higher than that of the control group. There is no statistic difference between the concentration of CsA and the data obtained from interactions between different groups (P >0.05). There is no significant difference between the absorption rates of the group treated by CsA of every concentration and the corresponding control group. Conclusion The impact of CsA on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation is significant in neither healthy people nor MDS patients.

Objective To reveal the characteristics and stability of the system through the analyzing the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome via the syndromic surveillance system which was established during the Shanghai World Expo in Pudong New District and provide references for the development and operation optimization on this Mass Gatherings Surveillance Systems.Methods Data used was from the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome collected from Pudong New District Syndromic Surveillance System,through May 1 to October 31,2010.On the basis of description of data characteristics,correlation analyses were conducted,when compared to the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome and Pudong influenza-like illness (ILI) used as reference.Comparison of variances on the surveillance data and the report lag time of the earlier and later surveillance periods were also carried out to evaluate the quality and stability of data.Results Reports on the respiratory-feverous syndrome showed a peak in late September with day-of-week effects and holiday effects.Correlation between respiratory-feverous syndrome and ILI was the strongest in the same day (r=0.596,P＜0.05).In the earlier surveillance period from 2010-05-01 to 2010-07-31,the correlation between respiratory-feverous syndrome and ILI was not obvious (r=-0.058,P＞0.05) ; however,the two-time series showed consistent trend with the correlation coefficient as 0.798 (P＜0.05),in the later period from 2010-08-01 to 2010-10-31.In addition,variability of the surveillance data on respiratory-feverous syndrome was less in the later period than in the earlier one,with quality of the report on relatcd data better in the later period.Analyses on the correlations of reference sequence,variability and quality of report indicated that the stability of the later surveillance period was better than the earlier one.Conclusion Only with the operation of syndromic surveillance system for a certain period of time,could data in the system maintain stability.Surveillance data showed both day-of-week effects and holiday effects,suggesting that there was a need to choose early warning models with short baseline data.

Objective: To investigate the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effect of vitamin E succinate (VES) on human colon cancer cells and to analyze the modulation of apoptosis-mediator Fas expression in this process. Methods: Human colon cancer cell line LS174T was treated with VES for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h at the concentrations of 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20mg/L. 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) assay was employed to detect the inhibitory effect of VES on the growth of colon cancer cells. Flow cytometry was then used to analyze the cell cycle of the colon cancer cells after being treated with VES and the apoptotic rate was calculated at the same time. To find out whether the Fas protein expression was modulated in this process, Western blotting assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the Fas protein level in whole cell lystates and on cell surface. Results: VES exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human colon cancer cells in a doseand time-dependent manner. After being treated with VES at 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L for 48 h, the apoptotic rate of LS174T cells rose from 0.90% to 15.9%, 46.7% and 64.5%, respectively. Fas neutralizing antibody can significantly block VES-induced apoptosis. After the administration of VES, total Fas protein in whole-cell extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity rose from 5.43 to 9.88, 13.21 and 18.0 after being treated with VES. Conclusion: VES can induce significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. The modulation of Fas expression is one of the mechanisms involved in this process and may be related to the upregulation of Fas molecule on the cancer cell surface.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and distribution of human eehinococcosis in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County (HMAC) in Xinjiang. Methods Using cluster sampling methods, the 2 counties (Tiebukenwusa and Narenhebuke) in HMAC were chosen as focusing areas for investigation. A survey of human echinococcosis including questionnaire, serological test and abdominal ultrasonic scan was carried out. Results The prevalence of human echinococcosis was 9.0% (64/712) by ultrasound and surgical history, including 8.7% (62/712) for cystic eehinococcosis(CE), 0.3%(2/712) for alveolar echinococcosis(AE) and 15.6%(111/712) for total of serological positives in HMAC. CE prevalence rate of different occupations, age, family slaughtering livestock and drinking water source had significant differences(P<0.05). Herdsmen as the highest risk group showed a CE prevalence of the 13.4% (27/201) in comparison with other occupations. The ages between 20 to<40 year-old were at the highest risk stage with 12.8% incidence. But CE prevalence rate of different gender, ethnic and education groups had not significant differences(P>0.05). Conclusions HMAC could be considered as a high endemic human CE region in Xinjiang. The current study reported the main risk factors may include occupations, age difference and drinking water source.